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Aging Societies: Demographic Changes on the Horizon and the Challenges They Pose: 

Aging Societies: Demographic Changes on the Horizon and the Challenges They Pose Linda J. Waite Center on Aging The University of Chicago

Why do Societies “Age”?: 

Why do Societies 'Age'? Virtually all countries are aging More older people, fewer workers, young Some countries are already 'old' Sweden Some are aging slowly U.S. Some are aging rapidly China

Why do Societies Age?: 

Why do Societies Age? High fertility means a young population Low elderly dependency High youth dependency Declining fertility causes population aging Rapid transition (China) Slow transition (Sweden)

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How Old?: 

How Old? Number of Older Adults Matters Israel: About 675,000 people aged 65+ U.S.: About 35 million people ages 65+ Proportion of Older Adults Matters About 10% of Israeli population 65+ About 13% of U.S. population 65+

An Older Future: 

An Older Future Israel will have more older adults So will U.S. and many other countries

Why Does It Matter?: 

Why Does It Matter?

Why Does It Matter?: 

Why Does It Matter? Older adults exit the labor force Live on savings, pensions, transfers Face declines in health and functioning Women become widowed; men die

Why Does It Matter?: 

Why Does It Matter? More will be 'oldest-old' 85+ Many more women than men Most likely to live in nursing homes Most likely to be disabled Likely to be widowed Likely to be poor

Challenges of Population Aging: 

Challenges of Population Aging Strain on families Strain on social programs for elderly Strain on health care system

Strain on Families: 

Strain on Families Families provide most care to older adults Smaller families mean fewer children to provide care Long lives mean more older adults alive

Strain on Social Programs: 

Strain on Social Programs Number of workers per older adult Very old adults more likely to be In nursing homes Demented Disabled Poor

Strain on Health Care System: 

Strain on Health Care System Most medical expenses incurred during last year of life Prevalence of chronic conditions high Functional limitations increase Likelihood of disability rises with age More societal resources devoted to health care

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Many Older Adults Live Alone: 

Many Older Adults Live Alone Israel Men 12% Women 34% Total 24% United States Men 15% Women 35% Total 26%

Many Older Adults Live Alone: 

Many Older Adults Live Alone Israel Men 12% Women 34% Total 24% Gaza andamp; West Bank Men 2% Women 9% Total 8%

Older Adults in Institutions: 

Older Adults in Institutions Israel Men 3% Women 4% Total 4% United States Men 3% Women 5% Total 5%

Older Adults in Institutions: 

Older Adults in Institutions Israel Men 3% Women 4% Total 4% Gaza andamp; West Bank Men 0.2% Women 0.3% Total 0.2%

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be? How Emotionally Healthy Will They Be?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be? How Emotionally Healthy Will They Be? How Cognitively Healthy Will They Be?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be? How Emotionally Healthy Will They Be? How Cognitively Healthy Will They Be? What Financial Resources Will They Have?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be? How Emotionally Healthy Will They Be? How Cognitively Healthy Will They Be? What Financial Resources Will They Have? What Family Resources Will They Have?

Challenges & Questions: 

Challenges andamp; Questions How Many Older Adults Will Be Alive? How Physically Healthy Will They Be? How Emotionally Healthy Will They Be? How Cognitively Healthy Will They Be? What Financial Resources Will They Have? What Family Resources Will They Have? What Will Society Need to Provide?

Changes Are Key: 

Changes Are Key Becoming disabled Becoming widowed Declines in cognitive function Loss of friends and family members Retirement Institutionalization

Longitudinal Data Needed to Study Processes and Change: 

Longitudinal Data Needed to Study Processes and Change