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Premium member Presentation Transcript Critical Thinking Using the SSDBA and the TRD: Critical Thinking Using the SSDBA and the TRD Edward Nelson and Elizabeth Nelson California State University Fresno Sociology Social Science Data Base Archive (SSDBA): Social Science Data Base Archive (SSDBA) Collection of social science data including data from Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, Field Institute, Roper Center, and the Census Available to CSU http://artemis.calstatela.edu Social Sciences Teaching Resources Depository (TRD): Social Sciences Teaching Resources Depository (TRD) Collection of downloadable modules, data sets, exercises, and other resources for teaching Available to everyone http://www.csubak.edu/ssric/ Developing and Testing Hypotheses: Developing and Testing Hypotheses State the hypothesis Develop the argument or rationale that supports the hypothesis Create the dummy table Get the actual table Interpret the table and decide if it supports the hypothesis State the Hypothesis: State the Hypothesis A hypothesis states the expected relationship between two variables A hypothesis is testable Definitions are not hypotheses Moral imperatives are not hypotheses The hypothesis is the conclusion to the argument that supports it Example of a HypothesisReligion and Opinion on Pornography Laws: Example of a Hypothesis Religion and Opinion on Pornography Laws Those who attend church frequently are more likely to think there should be laws against the distribution of pornography. Argument to Support Hypothesis: Argument to Support Hypothesis People who attend church frequently are more likely to have strong moral positions opposed to pornography and are, therefore, more likely to feel that society ought to make sure that pornography is not available to people regardless of their age. Testing the Hypothesis: Testing the Hypothesis To test this hypothesis we’ll use data from the 1994 and 1996 General Social Surveys. These surveys have been merged for this test. Data, codebook, and exercises are available on the Teaching Resources Depository-- http://www.cusbak.edu/ssric Using the TRD: Using the TRD To look at the exercise, go to the TRD website and click on Exercises. Look for RELG Exercise 3. To download the exercise, codebook, and data set, go to the Downloads part of the site and double click on what you want to download. If that doesn’t work, right click on it and choose 'Save target as.' Dummy Table: Dummy Table Actual Table: Actual Table Interpretation of Table: Interpretation of Table Those who attend church frequently are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone (60% of those who attend often compared to 26% of those who seldom attend). Those who seldom attend church are more likely to feel pornography ought to be illegal for those under 18 (70% of those who attend infrequently compared to 38% of those who attend often). Considering Other Variables: Considering Other Variables We know there are other variables related to church attendance and feelings about pornography. For example, women are more likely to attend church than men and also more likely to feel pornography ought to be illegal. Let’s add sex into our analysis. Sex and Church Attendance: Sex and Church Attendance Sex and Pornography Laws: Sex and Pornography Laws Interpretation: Interpretation Women are considerably more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone regardless of age. Women are somewhat more likely to attend church frequently. Adding a Third Variable: Adding a Third Variable Perhaps the reason that the more religious are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal to everyone is that women are more religious than men and women are also more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone. Let’s check on this possibility. Actual Table--Males Only: Actual Table--Males Only Actual Table--Females Only: Actual Table--Females Only Interpretation: Interpretation If the relationship had been due to sex, then the relationship between attendance and feelings about pornography laws would have disappeared when we held sex constant. However, the relationship did not disappear. Therefore, the relationship is not due to sex. It might, of course, be due to some other variable. Conclusion: Conclusion The analysis supports our hypothesis that the religious are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone regardless of age. This relationship is not due to sex. It is not spurious when we hold sex constant. However, it might be spurious when we hold some other variable constant. We can never prove causality. We can only make a causal connection more credible. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
smedliz WoodRock Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 28 Category: News & Reports.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: August 11, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Critical Thinking Using the SSDBA and the TRD: Critical Thinking Using the SSDBA and the TRD Edward Nelson and Elizabeth Nelson California State University Fresno Sociology Social Science Data Base Archive (SSDBA): Social Science Data Base Archive (SSDBA) Collection of social science data including data from Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, Field Institute, Roper Center, and the Census Available to CSU http://artemis.calstatela.edu Social Sciences Teaching Resources Depository (TRD): Social Sciences Teaching Resources Depository (TRD) Collection of downloadable modules, data sets, exercises, and other resources for teaching Available to everyone http://www.csubak.edu/ssric/ Developing and Testing Hypotheses: Developing and Testing Hypotheses State the hypothesis Develop the argument or rationale that supports the hypothesis Create the dummy table Get the actual table Interpret the table and decide if it supports the hypothesis State the Hypothesis: State the Hypothesis A hypothesis states the expected relationship between two variables A hypothesis is testable Definitions are not hypotheses Moral imperatives are not hypotheses The hypothesis is the conclusion to the argument that supports it Example of a HypothesisReligion and Opinion on Pornography Laws: Example of a Hypothesis Religion and Opinion on Pornography Laws Those who attend church frequently are more likely to think there should be laws against the distribution of pornography. Argument to Support Hypothesis: Argument to Support Hypothesis People who attend church frequently are more likely to have strong moral positions opposed to pornography and are, therefore, more likely to feel that society ought to make sure that pornography is not available to people regardless of their age. Testing the Hypothesis: Testing the Hypothesis To test this hypothesis we’ll use data from the 1994 and 1996 General Social Surveys. These surveys have been merged for this test. Data, codebook, and exercises are available on the Teaching Resources Depository-- http://www.cusbak.edu/ssric Using the TRD: Using the TRD To look at the exercise, go to the TRD website and click on Exercises. Look for RELG Exercise 3. To download the exercise, codebook, and data set, go to the Downloads part of the site and double click on what you want to download. If that doesn’t work, right click on it and choose 'Save target as.' Dummy Table: Dummy Table Actual Table: Actual Table Interpretation of Table: Interpretation of Table Those who attend church frequently are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone (60% of those who attend often compared to 26% of those who seldom attend). Those who seldom attend church are more likely to feel pornography ought to be illegal for those under 18 (70% of those who attend infrequently compared to 38% of those who attend often). Considering Other Variables: Considering Other Variables We know there are other variables related to church attendance and feelings about pornography. For example, women are more likely to attend church than men and also more likely to feel pornography ought to be illegal. Let’s add sex into our analysis. Sex and Church Attendance: Sex and Church Attendance Sex and Pornography Laws: Sex and Pornography Laws Interpretation: Interpretation Women are considerably more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone regardless of age. Women are somewhat more likely to attend church frequently. Adding a Third Variable: Adding a Third Variable Perhaps the reason that the more religious are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal to everyone is that women are more religious than men and women are also more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone. Let’s check on this possibility. Actual Table--Males Only: Actual Table--Males Only Actual Table--Females Only: Actual Table--Females Only Interpretation: Interpretation If the relationship had been due to sex, then the relationship between attendance and feelings about pornography laws would have disappeared when we held sex constant. However, the relationship did not disappear. Therefore, the relationship is not due to sex. It might, of course, be due to some other variable. Conclusion: Conclusion The analysis supports our hypothesis that the religious are more likely to feel that pornography ought to be illegal for everyone regardless of age. This relationship is not due to sex. It is not spurious when we hold sex constant. However, it might be spurious when we hold some other variable constant. We can never prove causality. We can only make a causal connection more credible.