Future Active Middle Indicative

Future Active/Middle Indicative: 

Future Active/Middle Indicative Greek Grammar A

Objectives: 

Objectives Examine the English translation of the Future Active and Middle Indicative. Examine the way lexicons list the forms of the verb. Look at the way Pattern 1 verbs form their Future Active and Middle Indicative. Learn the 3 rd rule of Parsing Logic.

English Translation: 

English Translation Future Active/Middle Indicative – Section I

English Translation: 

English Translation In English, the simple future is formed off the present tense with the helping verb “will.” Example: “I study” becomes “I will study.” This is the simple future and it is the default translation for the Future Active Indicative. Right now, the only Future Middle verbs we will see are deponent, so do not worry about Future Middle translation yet.

Lexicography!: 

Lexicography! Future Active/Middle Indicative – Section II

Lexical Forms: 

Lexical Forms In previous lessons we have learned that the lexical form for verbs is the Present Active Indicative 1 st Singular form. For example: lu,w Verbs that are deponent in the Present will use the Present Middle Indicative 1 st Singular form. For example: e;rcomai

Tense Stems: 

Tense Stems We will examine tense stems in more detail in the next chapter. For now, understand that the stem of verbs can change from tense to tense. To aid in recognition, lexicons list six different forms (when available) for each verb.

Principal Tenses: 

Principal Tenses Present Active Indicative 1 st Singular (Lexical Form). Future Active Indicative 1 st Singular Aorist Active Indicative 1 st Singular Perfect Active Indicative 1 st Singular Perfect Passive Indicative 1 st Singular Aorist Passive Indicative 1 st Singular

Observations: 

Observations So far you only know one of these forms: the Present. Today you will learn the Future. I have never memorized the full lexical information for any verb. Know what the pattern is so when you are going over vocabulary you can spot the “interesting” changes, but don’t memorize everything.

Example Lexical Form: 

Example Lexical Form lu,w $ e;luon %( lu,sw ( e;lusa ( &( le,lumai ( evlu,qhn The form in parentheses is the Imperfect form. The Imperfect uses the Present stem, so it is not a principal tense. Where you see a - the verb does not occur in that tense.

Recap: 

Recap The Greek Lexical form is the Present Active or Deponent Indicative 1 st Singular. Lexicons will list the Future Active, Aorist Active, Perfect Active, Perfect Passive, and Aorist Passive 1 st Singular forms. Where the verb is Deponent instead of Active in that tense, the Deponent form will be listed. These are the principal tenses, which reveal stem changes to us.

Future Active/Middle Forms: 

Future Active/Middle Forms Future Active/Middle Indicative – Section III

Patterns: 

Patterns There are four main patterns of the Future. Pattern I verbs use the same stem in the Present and the Future. There are three categories in this pattern that we’ve already seen: Roots ending in an iota or upsilon Contract Verbs Roots Ending in a stop

Tense Formatives: 

Tense Formatives In the Primary Tenses, we will see Tense Formatives (TF) more often than not. In the Future Active/Middle Indicative, the TF is sigma ( s ). The Future TF conveys the information “will.”

Formation: 

Formation Pattern I verbs form their Future Active Indicative this way: Future Active Stem + s TF + o / e TV + Primary Active Endings. Pattern I verbs form their Future Middle Indicative this way: Future Active Stem + s TF + o / e TV + Primary Middle Endings.

lu,w: 

lu,w P/N Form Meaning Present Form 1sg lu,sw I will destroy lu,w 2sg lu,seij You will destroy lu,eij 3sg lu,sei He/She /It will destroy lu,ei 1pl lu,somen We will destroy lu,omen 2pl lu,sete You will destroy lu,ete 3pl lu,sousi$n % They will destroy lu,ousi$n %

poreu,omai: 

poreu,omai P/N Form Meaning Present Form 1sg poreu,somai I will go poreu,omai 2sg poreu,sh | You will go poreu,h | 3sg poreu,setai He/She /It will go poreu,etai 1pl poreu,someqa We will go poreu,omeqa 2pl poreu,sesqe You will go poreu,esqe 3pl poreu,sontai They will go poreu,ontai

Contract Verbs: 

Contract Verbs Contract Verbs do the opposite of contraction in the Future. a before s becomes h : avgaph,sw e before s also becomes h : poih,sw o before s becomes w : plhrw,sw The same is true for Future Middle. The only contract Future Middle Indicative 2 nd Singular in the NT is zh,sh | (from za,w ) in Luke 10:28.

Roots Ending in a Stop: 

Roots Ending in a Stop Category Stem Future Form Present Labial blep & & sw ble,yw ble,pw graf & & sw gra,yw gra,fw Velar diwk & & sw diw,xw diw,kw ag & & sw a;xw a;gw evlegc & & sw evle,gxw evle,gcw Dental baptid & & sw bapti,sw bapti,zw peiq & & sw pei,sw pei,qw

eivmi,: 

eivmi , P/N Future Meaning Present 1sg e;somai I will be eivmi , 2sg e;sh | You will be ei = 3sg e;stai He/She /It will be evsti,n 1pl evso,meqa We will be evsmen 2pl e;sesqe You will be evste , 3pl e;sontai They will be eivsi,n

Fuller Paradigm: 

Fuller Paradigm P/N Stem TF TV Ending Form Meaning 1sg lu & &s& &o& & lu,sw I will destroy destroy will # I 2sg lu & &s& &e& &j lu,seij You will destroy destroy will # you 3sg lu & &s& &e& & i lu,sei He/She /It will destroy destroy will # he/she/it 1pl lu & &s& &o& &men lu,somen We will destroy destroy will # we 2pl lu & &s& &e& & te lu,sete You will destroy destroy will # you 3pl lu & &s& &o& & nsi$n % lu,sousi$n % They will destroy destroy will # they

Recap: 

Recap Pattern I verbs form their Future Active and Middle Indicatives by adding a s Tense Formative (TF) before the Thematic Vowel (TV). Stems ending in a stop will follow the same rules as we saw in 3 rd Declension Nouns. Contract verbs will lengthen their contract vowel before TF. The endings of the Future Active and Middle are exactly the same as we saw for Present Active and Present Middle Indicatives.

Parsing Logic: 

Parsing Logic Future Active/Middle Indicative – Section IV

Parsing Logic: 

Parsing Logic The purpose of parsing logic is to enable you to parse verbs quickly by sight . Each rule provides a process of elimination to help you narrow down the tense of the verb quickly. The keys to parsing logic are: Remember the rules Remember the endings Remember the tense chart

Tense Chart: 

Tense Chart Ending Continuous Punctiliar Perfective Primary P resent F uture P e r fect Secondary I mperfect A orist P l uperfect

Endings: 

Endings Ending Type P/N Primary Secondary Sing Plu Sing Plu Active 1 st & &men ??? ??? 2 nd &j & te ??? ??? 3 rd & i & nsi$n % ??? ??? Middle/ Passive 1 st & mai & meqa ??? ??? 2 nd & sai & sqe ??? ??? 3 rd &tai & ntai ??? ???

Rules: 

Rules Rule 1 – Look at the Ending: is it Primary or Secondary? Is it Active or Middle/Passive? Rule 2 – ??? Rule 3 – Look before the Ending: is there a Tense Formative? What is it? s – Future

Explained: 

Explained Rule 1 will tell us Primary or Secondary. Primary: Present, Future, Perfect Secondary: Imperfect, Aorist, Pluperfect Rule 3 will tell us (for now) Present or Future. gra,yei – 1: Primary Active 2: ? 3: y $s% therefore Future Active Indicative (3 rd Singular)

Recap: 

Recap The 3 rd Rule of Parsing Logic – look before the Ending: Is there a Tense Formative? What is it? The 1 st rule will orient you to whether the verb is Primary or Secondary. Primary: Present, Future, Perfect Secondary: Imperfect, Aorist, Pluperfect The 3 rd rule will help you tell the difference between tenses that use the same endings.

Summary: 

Summary Future Active/Middle Indicative – Conclusion

English Translation: 

English Translation In English, the simple future is formed off the present tense with the helping verb “will.” Example: “I study” becomes “I will study.” This is the simple future and it is the default translation for the Future Active Indicative. Right now, the only Future Middle verbs we will see are deponent, so do not worry about Future Middle translation yet.

Lexicography: 

Lexicography The Greek Lexical form is the Present Active or Deponent Indicative 1 st Singular. Lexicons will list the Future Active, Aorist Active, Perfect Active, Perfect Passive, and Aorist Passive 1 st Singular forms. Where the verb is Deponent instead of Active in that tense, the Deponent form will be listed. These are the principal tenses, which reveal stem changes to us.

lu,w – Future Active: 

lu,w – Future Active P/N Form Meaning Present Form 1sg lu,sw I will destroy lu,w 2sg lu,seij You will destroy lu,eij 3sg lu,sei He/She /It will destroy lu,ei 1pl lu,somen We will destroy lu,omen 2pl lu,sete You will destroy lu,ete 3pl lu,sousi$n % They will destroy lu,ousi$n %

poreu,omai – Future Middle: 

poreu,omai – Future Middle P/N Form Meaning Present Form 1sg poreu,somai I will go poreu,omai 2sg poreu,sh | You will go poreu,h | 3sg poreu,setai He/She /It will go poreu,etai 1pl poreu,someqa We will go poreu,omeqa 2pl poreu,sesqe You will go poreu,esqe 3pl poreu,sontai They will go poreu,ontai

Verb Formation: 

Verb Formation Pattern I verbs form their Future Active and Middle Indicatives by adding a s Tense Formative (TF) before the Thematic Vowel (TV). Stems ending in a stop will follow the same rules as we saw in 3 rd Declension Nouns. Contract verbs will lengthen their contract vowel before TF. The endings of the Future Active and Middle are exactly the same as we saw for Present Active and Present Middle Indicatives.

Parsing Logic: 

Parsing Logic The 3 rd Rule of Parsing Logic – look before the Ending: Is there a Tense Formative? What is it? The 1 st rule will orient you to whether the verb is Primary or Secondary. Primary: Present, Future, Perfect Secondary: Imperfect, Aorist, Pluperfect The 3 rd rule will help you tell the difference between tenses that use the same endings.

Objectives: 

Objectives Examine the English translation of the Future Active and Middle Indicative. Examine the way lexicons list the forms of the verb. Look at the way Pattern 1 verbs form their Future Active and Middle Indicative. Learn the 3 rd rule of Parsing Logic.

Going Forward: 

Going Forward This concludes lesson 19. If there is anything you are unsure about, go back and review it. If you still have questions, ask in class or send me an e-mail or message at wortiz@bible.edu When you are comfortable with this lesson, do the Parsing and Warm-Up in Exercise 19 in the Workbook.