Present Active Indicative

Present Active Indicative: 

Greek Grammar I Present Active Indicative

Objectives: 

Objectives To review the English translation of the Present Active Indicative. To review the formation of the Present Active Indicative. To learn the Primary Active endings. To learn the forms lu,w .

English Present: 

English Present English simple present: “I study.” English present progressive: “I am studying.” When you translate the Greek Present Active indicative, use the progressive translation: 1 st Singular – I am studying 2 nd Singular – You are studying 3 rd Singular – He/she/it is studying 1 st Plural – We are studying 2 nd Plural – You are studying 3 rd Plural – They are studying.

Verb Formation: 

Verb Formation In English, we form the Present Progressive this way: present of ‘to be’ + present participle (- ing form). Example: am + study + - ing = I am studying . In Greek, we form the Present Active this way: Present Stem + o / e thematic vowel + Primary Active Endings. Example: lu + o + men = lu,omen .

Present Stem: 

Present Stem The Present Stem is the bare form of the word. It carries the meaning of the word. In the word lu,omen ( lu & carries the meaning ‘loose, break, destroy.’ You will never see the stem by itself. The stem is not the same as the lexical form . The lexical form of verbs will default to the Present Active Indicative 1 st Singular form.

Thematic Vowel: 

Thematic Vowel Thematic vowels are o or e . They do not carry actual meaning, but were added for pronunciation purposes. For example: ble,pomen (we are seeing) is easier to pronounce than ble,pmen . You do not need to learn to write Greek, only to read it. So be aware of the Thematic Vowel, but do not stress over it.

Primary Active Endings: 

Primary Active Endings The endings carry the person and number of the verbs. In a way, you can think of them as built-in personal pronouns. For example: lu,omen . The &men ending adds the meaning “we” to the verb.

Primary Active Endings: 

Primary Active Endings Number Person Ending Meaning Singular 1 st - I 2 nd &j You 3 rd & i He/She /It Plural 1 st &men We 2 nd & te You, Ya’ll 3 rd & nsi They

Primary Active Endings: 

Primary Active Endings As you will see, these endings transform a little bit when connected to the verb, but it is important to recognize the underlying endings. These endings will be used by the Present Active, Future Active, and Perfect Active Indicative.

lu,w: 

lu,w lu,w is a nice, simple verb, so it is used as the paradigm verb for most new verb forms. It means “I loose, I break, I destroy, I untie.” It only occurs 40 times in the New Testament.

lu,w: 

lu,w Num. Per. Form Meaning End Sing. 1 st lu,w I am destroying - 2 nd lu,eij You are destroying &j 3 rd lu,ei He is destroying & i Plural 1 st lu,omen We are destroying &men 2 nd lu,ete You are destroying & te 3 rd lu,ousi$n % They are destroying & nsi

lu,w: 

lu,w Stem TV Ending Form lu & &o& & lu,w lu & &e& &j lu,eij lu & &e& & i lu,ei lu & &o& &men lu,omen lu & &e& & te lu,ete lu & &o& & nsi lu,ousi$n %

lu,w: 

lu,w TV End. Form What happened? &o& & &w The o lengthened to w . &e& &j & eij Originally & si ( s dropped and then was added on the end. &o& & nsi & ousi$n % n dropped, o lengthened to ou .

lu,w: 

lu,w Stem TV End. Form Meaning lu & &o& & lu,w I am destroying Destroy # I lu & &e& &j lu,eij You are destroying Destroy # You lu & &e& & i lu,ei He/She /It is destroying Destroy # He/She /It lu & &o& &men lu,omen We are destroying Destroy # We lu & &e& & te lu,ete You are destroying Destroy # You lu & &o& & nsi lu,ousi$n % They are destroying Destroy # They

Recap: 

Recap The Greek Present Active Indicative is equivalent to the English Present Progressive: “I am studying, You are studying, He is studying, etc.” The Present Active Indicative is formed as follows: Present Stem + o / e Thematic Vowel + Primary Active Endings. The Primary Active Endings carry the number and person of the verb. Primary Active Endings will be used by the Future Active and the Perfect Active as well.

Recap: 

Recap lu,w means “I destroy, I loose, I break, I untie.” lu,w – I am destroying lu,eij – You are destroying lu,ei – He/She /It is destroying lu,omen – We are destroying lu,ete – You are destroying lu,ousi – They are destroying

Objectives: 

Objectives To review the English translation of the Present Active Indicative. To review the formation of the Present Active Indicative. To learn the Primary Active endings. To learn the forms lu,w . Once you are comfortable with this lesson, do the parsing and warm-up for chap. 16 in the workbook.