Peterson GRI NWIC Summary

Slide1: 

The GRI- an update November 28, 2006 Rick Ward, GRI Coordinator

Slide2: 

Ug99 Defeats genetic resistance that has protected most of the world for 40 years

Slide3: 

Ug99 migration

Where next? – GIS predicted migration: 

Likely routes Where next? – GIS predicted migration Route “A” considered higher probability Implications – trap nurseries, vulnerability

Slide5: 

Risk Zone 1: Wheat Areas Only (Totals) 1 Billion People 117 Million Tons Production (c.19% world production) Value US$16.4 Billion (using US$140/t) Potential Risk Areas – An Initial Assessment

Screening results-2006 (Kenya): 

Screening results-2006 (Kenya)

Slide8: 

World wheat tsunami????

1st GRI Workshop: 

1st GRI Workshop 57 Participants from 21 Countries Major outcomes Situation updates, planning sessions Endorsed general themes, need for concerted int. effort Priority and focus on East Africa critical To reduce inoculum As GRI Shuttle/Monitoring sites Endorsed Need for networking Exchange of germplasm, information, techniques Endorsed Need for Capacity building Agreed to seek funding- both mulit-lateral and bi-lateral

GRI – Funding Status: 

GRI – Funding Status USAID contributions for FY07 No cut to CIMMYT / ICARDA unrestricted funds 15-17% cut had been proposed $1M from Africa Bureau $440K from Asia-Mideast Bureau (linked to biotech) USAID wants true partnership with NARS on GRI work with USAID Mission Offices Concern – potential cuts to CG system for FY08 Other potential $’s Embassy ‘mining’ for $’s has just begun CIDA, IFAD expressed interest China NSF, but likely targeted to China

Strategies: 

Strategies Identifying/Breeding Replacement Varieties Accelerated Seed multiplication, cultivar release Pathogen surveillance Discovery/Characterization of durable resistance genes Knowledge sharing/impact assessment Chemical interventions Capacity Building/Impacts Assessment

1st International Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery-2006: 

1st International Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery-2006 103 selected lines characterized in the field in Kenya and Ethiopia for stem rust and in Mexico for leaf and stripe rusts at El Batan and Toluca, respectively 70 out of 103 entries in the nursery carry gene Sr2 based on pseudo-black chaff phenotype characterization Sr2 alone not enough (60-70% disease severity) APR lines had disease severities ranging between 5-30% compared to 100% for the susceptible checks (2005 & 2006 Kenya and 2006 Ethiopia) Several APR and other lines also carry resistance to leaf and yellow rusts and therefore will be better parents for breeding Introduced in the US by Dr. Art Klatt for multiplication and distribution

2nd International Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery-2007: 

2nd International Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery-2007 219 lines selected based on 2006 Kenya stem rust data and are under multiplication and further field and greenhouse tests Seed is already in USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN for seedling stem rust characterization Several lines in diverse genetic background have high yield potential, resistance to leaf and stripe rusts and APR to stem rust derived from ‘Kiritati’

Ug99 is changing already: 

Ug99 is changing already

Race-specific genes confering moderate to high levels of field resistance to Ug99 and its Sr24-virulent variant: 

Race-specific genes confering moderate to high levels of field resistance to Ug99 and its Sr24-virulent variant Sr13, 14, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, SrTmp, Sr1A.1R, SrSha7 Virulence in other races known for Sr13, 14, 27, 28, 36 Immediate value: Sr22, 25, 26, 35, Tmp, 1A.1R and Sha7; and to a lesser extent Sr13, 14, 24, 36 Agronomic effects of genes in other translocations need to be determined Advanced lines with white floured Sr25 and resistance to leaf and stripe rusts under yield evaluation at Ciudad Obregon during 2006 Incorporation of Sr26 in CIMMYT materials underway (most advanced materials in F4 generation) Breeding strategy should be to achieve combinations of race-specific resistance genes to enhance their longevity

Slide17: 

Breeding Varieties: Shuttle Breeding and Multi-location International Testing System Triggered the Green Revolution With the addition of East Africa as a Selection Site

CIMMYT strategy to breed for minor genes based durable resistance (restoring the Sr2- Complex): 

CIMMYT strategy to breed for minor genes based durable resistance (restoring the Sr2- Complex) Selecting high yielding parents that carry Sr2 gene as recurrent parents Crossing them with wheat lines identified to carry high level of APR Selecting plants in BC1-F3/F4 generations for desired agronomic characteristics and other traits at Obregon and Toluca in Mexico Growing large number of densely sown F4/F5 populations at Ug99 shuttle sites Selecting as head row or plants in F5/F6 generation at original breeding site Characterizing advanced lines at stem rust shuttle site after final selection at original breeding site and conduct yield evaluations Progress: Most advanced populations are now in F4 generation and are being planted in Kenya during 2006-2007 off-season

Slide19: 

Tracking Ug 99 in the Horn of Africa, Nile Valley and Red Sea, North Africa and West Asia BOOM BUST Wheat Rust

Networking and Information Sharing: 

Networking and Information Sharing Summary Bulletins (email/print)

Slide21: 

Sixteen technical assistants from 13 research centers participated in short rust training course at Kulumsa, August 2006 The training was given by CIMMYT-ICARDA and local scientists Human Capacity Building in Ethiopia

Slide22: 

Infrastructure needs

Slide23: 

Partnerships and Linkages CIMMYT-ICARDA

Slide24: 

Joint effort of ICARDA, CIMMYT, NARS, Int. AID Organizations Organizational framework for the future Inclusive, transparent, outcome driven Governance by Advisory Committees (Policy, Coordinating, Technical)