NeoClassicism

Slide1 : By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY


Slide2 : Overview of Neo-Classicism Art produced in Europe and North America from the mid-18c to the early 19c. More than just an antique revival  a reaction against the surviving Baroque & Rococo styles. Linked to contemporary political events: Revolutions established republics in France and in America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official art style]. Association with the democracy of Greece and the republicanism of Rome. Napoleon  used the style for propaganda.


Slide4 : 1. Excavations of the Ruins of Italian Cities Herculaneum in 1738. Pompeii in 1748.


Slide5 : 2. Publication of Books on Antiquity James Stuart & Nicholas Revert Antiquities in Athens: 1762-1816.


Slide6 : 3. Arrival of the Elgin Marbles Thomas Bruce, 7th Lord of Elgin British Museum, 1806 From the top façade of the Parthenon in Athens.


Slide7 : 4. Johann Winckelmann’s Artists Circle German art historian. Artists should “imitate” the timeless, ideal forms of the classical world. A circle of international artists gathered about him in the 1760s in Rome.


Slide8 : Characteristics of Neo-Classicism Return to the perceived “purity” of the arts of Rome. Model the “ideal” of the ancient Greek arts and, to a lesser, extent, 16c Renaissance classicism. A conviction that there is a permanent, universal way things are (and should be), which obviously entails fundamental political and ethical commitments. Sometimes considered anti-modern or even reactionary.


Slide10 : Robert Adam Scottish architect & designer Syon House 1760s Syon House The Red Salon


Slide11 : Claude Nicholas Ledoux Designed a pavilion in 1771 for the Comtesse du Barry at Louveciennes. Designed a series of city gates for Paris (1785-1789).


Slide12 : Claude Nicholas Ledoux Rotunde de la Villette, Paris


Slide13 : John Wood “The Royal Crescent [Circus]” at Bath, England (1754).


Slide14 : The “Empire Style”: Charles Percier & Pierre François Léonard Fontaine Napoleon’s official architects. They remade Paris in the intimidating opulence of Roman imperial architectural style.


Slide15 : Greek-Inspired Architecture Bank of England Rotunda Sir John Soane, 1796 British Museum Portico Sir Robert Smirke, 1823-1847


Slide16 : The “Federal Style” in America 1780 – 1820. Thomas Jefferson’s influence. Monticello, VA University of VA U. S. Capitol


Slide17 : The “Greek Revival Style” in America Second Bank of the US Philadelphia, 1824


Slide19 : “Parnassus” Anton Raphael Mengs, 1761 Mengs was the leading artist of early Neo-Classicism.


Slide20 : “The Oath of Brutus” Gavin Hamilton, 1767 The oath was sworn as a promise of individual revenge against a corrupt monarchy.


Slide21 : “The Death of Socrates” Jacques-Louis David, 1787 The death of Socrates was a symbol of republican virtue.


Slide22 : “The Oath of the Horatii” Jacques-Louis David, 1784 A depiction of dutiful patriotism.


Slide23 : “The Consecration of Napoleon & Josephine” Jacques-Louis David, 1805-1807 A very different theme: The celebration of worldly splendor and power.


Slide24 : “The Apotheosis of Homer” Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1827 This assembly of great artists and writers of all ages gathered to honor the ancient Greek poet before a classical temple.


Slide25 : “Romulus—Victory over Acron” Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1812 Painted for Napoleon’s palace in Rome.


Slide26 : “The Sabine Women” Jean Auguste Ingres, 1799


Slide28 : Neo-Classical Sculpture Profoundly influenced by ancient art since the Renaissance. Neo-Classical sculptors avoided the dramatic twisting poses and colored marble surfaces characteristic of late Baroque and Rococo sculpture. They preferred: Crisp contours. A noble stillness. Idealized white marble forms.


Slide29 : Antonio Canova “Apollo Crowning Himself,” 1781 “Perseus with the Head of Medusa,” 1804-1806


Slide30 : Antonio Canova “Paulina Bonaparte,” 1808 “Hercules”


Slide31 : Bertel Thorvaldsen “Jason,” 1803-1823 “Adonis,” 1808-1832


Slide33 : Furniture The furniture designs used Greco-Roman motifs. Became known as style étrusque [“Etruscan style”] in France. Were favored by the court of Louis XV and later by Napoleon I.


Slide34 : Josiah Wedgwood Greek vases found in excavations became models for this new type of ceramics.


Slide35 : Neo-Classicism Continued Into the 19c and Beyond…. By the mid-19s, several European cities were transformed into veritable museums of Neo-Classical architecture. Brandenburg Gate, Berlin Buckingham Palace, London The Gate of Alcala, Madrid


Slide36 : American Renaissance” Movement A Neo-Classical expression in Beaux-Arts architecture. Lincoln Memorial American Museum of Natural History National Gallery of Art


Slide37 : The “Sunset” of Neo-Classicism Sir Edwin Lutyan  a monumental city plan for New Delhi during the British Raj. Rashtrapati Bhavan [President’s House] India Gate Monument