lecture19

That which cannot be seen, touched or directly measured: 

That which cannot be seen, touched or directly measured Lecture 19 4/26/04

How do we get to know a person?: 

How do we get to know a person? How accurate are our impressions?

How much do you agree?: 

How much do you agree? 1: Disagree strongly; 4; neutral; 7: Agree strongly 1. _____ Extraverted, enthusiastic. 2. _____ Critical, quarrelsome. 3. _____ Dependable, self-disciplined. 4. _____ Anxious, easily upset. 5. _____ Open to new experiences, complex. 6. _____ Reserved, quiet. 7. _____ Sympathetic, warm. 8. _____ Disorganized, careless. 9. _____ Calm, emotionally stable. 10. _____ Conventional, uncreative.

What would you want to know?: 

What would you want to know? Does your impression of me matter? There is someone I want you to meet…

Impression Formation (Kelley, 1950): 

Impression Formation (Kelley, 1950) Intelligent, skillful, industrious, practical, determined, cautious AND, 'warm' person vs. 'cold' person 20 minutes by guest lecturer Rate lecturer

Guest Lecturer Ratings (Kelley, 1950): 

Guest Lecturer Ratings (Kelley, 1950)

Behavioral Implications: 

Behavioral Implications Friendlier interactions Laughed more at jokes Asked more questions

Personality: 

Personality Approaches to Personality Psychoanalysis The Humanistic Approach The Trait Approach Assessing Personality Projective tests Self-report

Slide9: 

'You are so anal retentive: why must you line up all my things, I like them scattered'

Psychoanalysis:: 

Psychoanalysis: Motives are unconscious Personality arises from efforts to resolve conflicts

Psychological not physiological cause?: 

Psychological not physiological cause?

Free Association: “relax, whatever comes to mind”: 

Free Association: 'relax, whatever comes to mind' Unconscious sexual and aggressive urges find acceptable forms of expression.

The Structure of Personality: 

The Structure of Personality

Slide14: 

Structure: Re-cap: 

Structure: Re-cap Id: Pleasure principle Primitive and unconscious, hidden from view Contains basic drives Ego: Reality principle Mediates conflict between id and superego Superego: Moral ideals and conscience

Personality formed early: unresolved conflicts from childhood: 

Personality formed early: unresolved conflicts from childhood Psychosexual Stages Pleasure is derived from different parts of the body Oral (first year of life) Anal (ages 2-3) Phallic (ages 4-6) Oedipus complex and identification Latency period (ages 7-12) Genital (starting at puberty)

The Dynamics of Personality: 

The Dynamics of Personality Anxiety results from conflict between id andamp; superego Ego uses defense mechanisms which deny and distort reality Repression (forgetting) Denial (ignoring) Projection (attributing to others) Reaction Formation (converting to its opposite) Rationalization (making excuses) Sublimation (channeling into acceptable outlets)

How to access the unconscious?: 

How to access the unconscious?

Slide19: 

Slide20: 

No more unconscious! Where’s the evidence? Why so bleak? What about the unique human condition?

The Humanistic Approach: 

The Humanistic Approach Focuses on the self, subjective experience, andamp; capacity for fulfillment People are inherently GOOD

Carl Rogers’ Personality Theory : 

I love you IF… Love the sinner, hate the sin Carl Rogers’ Personality Theory

BUT:: 

BUT: And, people experience different conflicts, situations, parental treatment… No more explanation, what about description!

Describe a friend…: 

Describe a friend… Unconscious conflicts? How he/she was raised? How can we talk about personality in describing behavior?

The Trait Approach: 

The Trait Approach Relatively stable predispositions to behave in certain ways 18,000 traits! FA…

Slide26: 

O C E A N

Big Five personality dimensions OCEAN: 

Big Five personality dimensions OCEAN Openness to Experience intellect, imagination, curiosity, creativity   Conscientiousness order, duty, deliberation, self-discipline   Extraversion sociability, assertiveness, activity, positive emotions   Agreeableness trust, nurturance, kindness, cooperation   Neuroticism anxiety, depression, moodiness,vulnerability to stress

HOW? L.I.S.T: 

HOW? L.I.S.T See how their life is going Concrete life outcomes (arrested, employed, hospitalized) Ask acquaintances for opinions Friends, roommates, family Ask the person directly Self-report questionnaires Watch directly Testing situation, classroom, home, experiment

For example…: 

For example…

Accuracy: how easily are we judged ?: 

Accuracy: how easily are we judged ?

But, doesn’t it depend on the situation?: 

But, doesn’t it depend on the situation?

Situationist Argument: 

Situationist Argument Personality tests don’t predict behavior well (e.g., honesty  cheating; conscientiousness  on time); r andlt; .30 'personality coefficient' Situations are more important than personality traits in determining behavior (e.g., weddings and funerals) Therefore, personality assessment is a waste of time; 'getting to know a person' doesn’t make sense; personality is a cognitive illusion on the perceiver’s side

Biological Roots of Personality: 40-50% genetic: 

Biological Roots of Personality: 40-50% genetic