What’s Ahead: What’s Ahead Substantive Overview Procedural and Administrative Aspects


Substantive Overview -- Three Wars and the US: Substantive Overview -- Three Wars and the US World War I World War I “The Yugoslav Wars” Bosnia Kosovo


Excluded US Wars(19th Century): Excluded US Wars (19th Century) American Revolutionary War War of 1812 Mexican-American War American Civil War Spanish-American War


Excluded US Wars(20th Century): Excluded US Wars (20th Century) Korean War Vietnam War Gulf War


Why Include (Just) Those Three Wars?: Why Include (Just) Those Three Wars? Similarities All in 20th Century All in Europe All seen by at least some as ends of an era Differences -- Including a Mix of Old and New Not Covered Elsewhere in Upper-Level Curriculum Cf. Vietnam (Indochina War seminar) Cf. Gulf War


Just Ahead: Just Ahead Brief Description of Each War Comparisons and Contrasts Summary Analytical Question


World War I: World War I August 1914 to November 1918 Central Powers vs. Allied Powers The “Associated” Power – the United States Trenches, Machine Guns and Mustard Gas The End of Emperors, not Empires


World War II: World War II September 1939 to May 1945 (in Europe) {September 1931 to August 1945 (in Asia) } (Western Allies and Soviets) vs. Axis Blitzkrieg, Strategic Bombing, and Auschwitz The End of Germany, not Europe


The Yugoslav Wars – Bosnia and Kosovo: The Yugoslav Wars – Bosnia and Kosovo April 1992 to June 1999 (?) Serbs vs. Croats, Muslims, and NATO Ethnic Cleansing, Peacekeeping, and Douhet’s Dream Realized The End of Sovereignty?


The Three Wars Compared: The Three Wars Compared Started in eastern Europe Initially involved European nation(s) only Eventually involved US armed forces in Europe Involved US ground troops in occupation Fought by Democratic Presidents


The Three Wars Compared (continued): The Three Wars Compared (continued) Involved alliances Spawned or involved collective-security organizations Caused extensive civilian suffering


The World Wars Did, But the Yugoslav Wars Did Not ...: The World Wars Did, But the Yugoslav Wars Did Not ... Cause extensive civilian suffering across Europe Involve combat across Europe (and beyond) Begin with German troops invading other nations Involve hundreds of thousands of US combat deaths Topple multiple governments Involve Russian troops in combat


Summary Analytical Question:Did the Cold War Matter?: Summary Analytical Question: Did the Cold War Matter? World Wars Preceded Cold War Yugoslav Wars Followed Cold War Are the World Wars Different from the Yugoslav Wars, and If So How and Why?


Subsidiary Analytical Questions: Subsidiary Analytical Questions How Do Nations Get Into Wars? How Do We Get Into Wars? What Is a Good Peace? Does Law Matter?


Does Law Matter?: Does Law Matter? Does International Law Matter? Alliance Treaties Collective-Security Organizations War Crimes Does Domestic Law Matter? -- Congress and the President Woodrow Wilson and the Versailles Treaty FDR and the Neutrality and Lend-Lease Acts Bill Clinton and the War Powers Act


Procedural and Administrative Aspects of the Course: Procedural and Administrative Aspects of the Course As a Seminar Simulations Projects (typically Papers)


Usual Aspects of the Course (as a Seminar): Usual Aspects of the Course (as a Seminar) Small Size Weekly Meetings Discussion Research Papers


Grades: Grades 50% Class Participation Mostly quality of comments Mere attendance counts for something Trying counts for something 50% Written Project


Written Project: Written Project Typically a Research Paper Two Alternatives Web project Simulation project


Substance of Research Papers: Substance of Research Papers Analytical Substantial Research Some Originality Ideally blend law, history, and politics


Form of Research Papers: Form of Research Papers 22-27 pages Pages have 1-inch margins top, bottom, left, and right Double spaced 12 pt. Type in Times New Roman Endnotes don’t count towards page limit citations only


Schedule for Research Papers: Schedule for Research Papers Topic Sentence Due: Friday, September 17th Topic Paragraph Due: Monday, September 27th One-Page Summary Due: Monday, October 4th Outline Due: Monday, November 1st Papers Due: Tuesday, November 23rd by 5 p.m. Classes End: Friday, December 3rd


Alternatives to a Research Paper: Alternatives to a Research Paper Web Project Original content Hypertext Annotated Links


Alternatives to a Research Paper (continued): Alternatives to a Research Paper (continued) Simulation Projects (cf. Whole-Class Simulations) Evaluation of Historical Accuracy “Controlled” Experiments Rules Additions


Scheduling (Generally): Scheduling (Generally) Regular Meetings Project (Papers or other projects) Simulations


Scheduling (Simulations): Scheduling (Simulations) Two or Three Sessions (total of around 8 hours) Flexible Scheduling Nights or Weekends


Simulations: Simulations Historical Complex Games


Description of Simulations: Description of Simulations Like a much-developed version of Chess or Risk or Stratego Board games, with a map as the board Pieces, with abstractions of military units or diplomatic influence as pieces


Why Use Simulations?: Why Use Simulations? Unusual Active Learning Interactions with Other People in the Class


Candidate Simulations (Tried and True): Candidate Simulations (Tried and True) Diplomacy Origins of World War II


Candidate Simulations (Experimental): Candidate Simulations (Experimental) World War I Origins of World War I World War One World War II Atlantic Storm (WWII convoys) War at Sea (WWII) Tito


Candidate Simulations (Experimental) (continued): Candidate Simulations (Experimental) (continued) Post-World War II Among Nations (general international relations) Bosnian Hell Bosnian Storm


World War I Paper Topics: World War I Paper Topics Belgian Neutrality and British Entry The British, the Germans, and the Law of the Sea The Armistice and the Versailles Treaty Compared Alliance Compliance Before and During World War I


Interwar Paper Topics: Interwar Paper Topics The Non-Versailles Peace Treaties Inter-Allied Commissions in Germany The German Program of Secret Rearmament The League of Nations and United Nations--Covenant and Charter Compared


Interwar Paper Topics (continued): Interwar Paper Topics (continued) Inter-War Naval Disarmament The Economic Effect of Reparations on Germany International Economic Cooperation Between the Wars Alliance Compliance before World War II


World War II Paper Topics: World War II Paper Topics The Undeclared Naval War: Authorization and Constitutionality The 1944 Election, the UN, and Constitutional Moments Coordination between Britain and the US in World War II: Legal, Moral, or Personal? Compliance with Three-Power Declarations from World War II


Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics: Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics The Balkans from 1389 to 1992 Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia: Who’s to Blame? The US, the UN Charter, and the Kosovo Conflict The UN in Bosnia and Kosovo NATO Air Operations in the Former Yugoslavia and the laws of war


Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics (continued): Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics (continued) Comparing the ICTFY and the ICTR SFOR, IFOR, the Contact Group, NATO, and the UN: International Organizations in Bosnia 1990-1996 Compliance with the Dayton Accords Recognizing Disunion: The Case of the Former Yugoslavia


Computers and the Course: Computers and the Course Web page Electronic Distribution of Next Week’s Materials Centennia Historical Atlas


The Centennia Historical Atlas: The Centennia Historical Atlas Electronic atlas Animated border changes in Europe and the Middle East Installation Use