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Mistaken Identities: 

Mistaken Identities Do we have a problem here? Wendy Wilber UF/IFAS Alachua County Extension Service

Slide2: 

There are alarming things in nature, but not all are harmful to us or the landscape Many first reactions to unusual occurrences are to grab the pesticide and Spray it! Many times no treatment was necessary

What did you just spray?!: 

What did you just spray?! Harmless natural phenomenon Harmless growth Beneficial organism Damage to the environment Exposure for yourself Exposure for the homeowner

Be in the know: 

Be in the know With awareness and education, you won’t be spraying non-problems With awareness and knowledge you can educate your clients with confidence

Problem? : 

Problem?

Spanish Moss and Ball Moss: 

Spanish Moss and Ball Moss Both members of the Bromeliad family (Tillandsia sp.) They are epiphytes that are not parasites to trees These are not killing the trees Usually a secondary symptom of canopy decline in the tree

Ground Moss and Algae in Lawns: 

Ground Moss and Algae in Lawns Seen in low vigor turf grass Too much moisture and/or poor drainage Shady conditions Did not kill the grass; just replaced it

Problem?: 

Problem?

Plant Parts: 

Plant Parts Some normally occurring parts of the plants might be mistaken as pest or problems Fern sori are just their reproductive structures, they are often mistaken for Scale

Problem?: 

Problem?

Lenticels: 

Lenticels Gas exchange organs on the stems and branches Corky appearance Ligustrum, some fruit trees

Trichomes: 

Trichomes Leaf cells that have hair like outgrowths Looks like powdery or downy mildew Seen on Sycamore and grapes and others

Problem?: 

Problem?

Bark Anomalies: 

Bark Anomalies Decorative ridged bark (winged elm or sweet gum) Peeling Bark (River Birch) Shedding bark (Crape Myrtle or Loquat)

Problem?: 

Problem?

Can’t we all just get along?: 

Can’t we all just get along? Some organisms are not harmful or beneficial… they just are Lichen grows on plants but does not harm them Complex life form of Algae and fungus

Friendly Fungi: 

Friendly Fungi Aschersonia Natural parasite of white fly and scale insects on citrus Brown felt fungus Didn’t kill the branch Controlling insect pests of trees (slowly)

Problem?: 

Problem?

Slime Molds : 

Slime Molds Primitive fungi Warm, moist, weather Entire colonies will move onto grass blades in lawns Can be colorful Last only about a week or two

Slide20: 

Fuligo septica

Problem?: 

Problem?

Mushrooms: 

Mushrooms Florida’s climate supports many different mushrooms Survive on non-living plant tissue or organic matter Stinkhorn= Clathyrus

Problem?: 

Problem?

Bird’s Nest Fungi: 

Bird’s Nest Fungi Seen or not in woodchips Fungal spores 1/16-1/8 of an inch in diameter are forcible ejected and can travel yards Looks very much like scale

Psocids : 

Psocids Webbing on tree trunks and limbs Psocids feed underneath webs on lichen, and fungi No harm is done to tree Aka tree cattle

Ants?: 

Ants? Not all ant mounds are imported red fire ants Most ants do not harm Some are predaceous

Problem? : 

Problem?

Earthworms: 

Earthworms Sometimes push soil to the surface Could be mistaken for mole crickets Worms aerate the soil and decompose plant residue to organic matter

Galls: 

Galls Swollen areas of plant tissue Insects lay eggs in new leaves Abnormal tissue is formed Insects feed on this area Oaks are favorite host; Not too much harm done

Root Galls: 

Root Galls Most commonly seen in the legume family Nodules are caused by the nitrogen fixing soil microbe Rhizobium Could be confused with Root Knot nematode

Root Galls: 

Root Galls Galls can be seen on roots of other plants Cyanobacteria nodules on Cycas is caused by a nitrogen fixing soil microbe

Sooty Mold: 

Sooty Mold Harmless growth Grows on “Honeydew” Indicator of past or present insect feeding Check to see if they are still there Soapy water will rinse it away

What Caused the Damage?May Not Be a Pest, but the Environment: 

What Caused the Damage? May Not Be a Pest, but the Environment

Cold Damage: 

Cold Damage In Spring or Fall Lower leaves of Hibiscus or Gardenia will yellow and fall off from cold temperature

Cold Damage: 

Cold Damage Tropical plants growing out of range Non cold acclimated plants will show damage Some bark splitting can occur as well

What happened?: 

What happened?

Cold Damage: 

Cold Damage Even can happen inside African violets are sensitive to cold water during irrigation Looks like leaf spots

Oedema: 

Oedema Cloudy moist conditions Water is trapped inside the leaf pores Water pressure increase and pores rupture leaving scabs

What happened?: 

What happened?

Sunburn: 

Sunburn When light levels suddenly increase (loss of canopy) Sunburn or sunscald can occur Like this Magnolia

Sun Scorch: 

Sun Scorch Seen during droughts After transplanting Young leaves have tip death, and marginal necrosis from water stress

Wind Damage: 

Wind Damage Young tissue very vulnerable Thorns can puncture other leaves during windy periods 65 mph in the back of of a pickup truck also considered wind damage

Ozone Damage: 

Ozone Damage Pollutant, can travel many miles High voltage lines, power plants White or necrotic flecking on leaves

Nutritional Deficiencies: 

Nutritional Deficiencies Sometimes there are essential elements lacking the soil Or they are unavailable to the plant, due to the soil pH level Manganese def. in Cycas Frizzle top

Blossom End Rot: 

Blossom End Rot Looks like a fungal rot Caused by either a Calcium deficiency in the soil or irregular watering that limits calcium uptake

Maintenance activities can cause Damage!: 

Maintenance activities can cause Damage!

String Trimmer Blight: 

String Trimmer Blight Hurried use of mowers and trimmers can injure the plants Girdled bark and trunk wound can cause decline

Herbicide Damage: 

Herbicide Damage Weed and feed products contain a growth regulating herbicide Get it to the right plant; the grass Uptake by active roots and leaves causes damage Redbud

What happened?: 

What happened?

Herbicide Damage: 

Herbicide Damage Spring weed control on lawns can causes spotting and thinning of turf Temperatures too high or grass vigor was too low

Phytotoxicity : 

Phytotoxicity Damage from pesticide sprays can happen Especially during hot weather or plant stress Chlorosis, necrosis, distortion, stunting or burn can be seen

What happened?: 

What happened?

Canine Marking: 

Canine Marking Territorial behavior of Dogs in home landscapes Usually seen on corner plants Can also be noticed in turf

What happened?: 

What happened?

Sapsucker feeding: 

Sapsucker feeding Looks like boring insect damage Woodpecker Deep parallel rings around the trunk Drink the sap No harm

Are the Natives Friendly?: 

Are the Natives Friendly? 1/10 of 1% of all the insects in the world injure plants Many are beneficial Some just coexist Casual use of pesticides more likely to kill a good guy

Is this ok? : 

Is this ok?

What about this? : 

What about this?

Stinkbugs: 

Stinkbugs Many are predacious, going after bad guys like caterpillars Adults will have spines on their thorax Nymphs can be bright blue and red in color

Lady Beetle: 

Lady Beetle Ok everybody knows this, but they can be confused with: Mexican bean beetle and an Asparagus beetle Do a proper ID before you spray

Lady Bug Larva: 

Lady Bug Larva Often mistaken for a pest Sometimes look like Mealy bugs

Is this ok? : 

Is this ok?

Spiders : 

Spiders Seen in the heavy morning dew Tiny webs Not sod webworms Predator of sod webworm

Spiders: 

Spiders Green Lynx spider Live on ground no webs Eat chinch bugs, small mole crickets, sod webworms Jumping spiders also good guys

Lacewing: 

Lacewing Eggs are easy to recognize Larva are ferocious predators eating aphids, mealybugs, etc. Adults eat pollen and other insects

Mantid: 

Mantid Adult with triangular head; eats pests Egg case found on stems Contains 200+ eggs

Parasitic wasps: 

Parasitic wasps Adults very small and go unnoticed Lay eggs on hosts like caterpillars, scales, aphids etc.

Aphid mummy and parasitized scale: 

Aphid mummy and parasitized scale Mummies are seen when the aphid has been parasitized Exit holes of emerging wasps are seen as holes in scale insects

Wise Pesticide Management: 

Wise Pesticide Management Protects natural enemies and the environment Reduces pest resistance and keeps useful pesticides on the market Save energy and money

When pesticides are needed…: 

When pesticides are needed… Spot treat the problem rather than blanket spraying It helps to protect the beneficials and the natural balance that can exist Spray smart, its easier on the environment

For more information: 

For more information Beneficial Insects 1,2,3 SW138, 141, 148 Helpful or Harmful flip book SP128 Woody Bug CD by Mizell, Fasulo and Short IFAS Extension bookstore 1 800 226 1764 http://biocontrol.ifas.ufl.edu http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu

Thanks to:: 

Thanks to: All good pictures came from the CD Woody Bug by Mizell, Fasulo and Short University of Florida Entomology and Nematology This Program was made from material taken from “Mistaken Identities” By S.Park Brown, Dr. Gary Simone, Dr. Don Short University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service