Presentation Transcript
“BioH2” Natural & Artificial : “BioH2” Natural & Artificial Peter Lindblad
Uppsala univ, Sweden
Slide2: PhotoBiological Hydrogen Production
Combine Photosynthesis & Hydrogen Evolution (middle) 1 - Natural Systems; Microorganisms and BioReactors (left)
2 - Artificial Systems; Chemical Lego, mimick nature (right) National
project
Artificial
Photosynthesis
-Since 10 years
-45 persons
-2006 at UU
-Swedish Energy
Agency
Slide3: European project (NEST/STREP)
2005-2007, 8 partners Natural & Artificial
Photo-
BioH2
Slide4: Future Hydrogen Society Future photobiological
hydrogen production 1) Direct; Sun & Water -> H2
2) Indirect: Biomass (waste) -> H2
Slide5: Future Hydrogen Society Future photobiological
hydrogen production 1) Direct; Sun & Water -> H2
2) Indirect: Biomass (waste) -> H2
Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis): Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis) Photosynthesis; Capture solar energy & split H2O
2H2O -> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis): Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis) Photosynthesis; Capture solar energy & split H2O
2H2O -> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
Hydrogen production, catalysed by hydrogenases;
4H+ + 4e- -> 2H2
Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis): Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis) Photosynthesis; Capture solar energy & split H2O
2H2O -> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
Hydrogen production, catalysed by hydrogenases;
4H+ + 4e- -> 2H2
-> Green algae & Cyanobacteria
Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis): Photobiological Hydrogen Production (Biophotolysis) Photosynthesis; Capture solar energy & split H2O
2H2O -> 4H+ + 4e- + O2
Hydrogen production, catalysed by hydrogenases;
4H+ + 4e- -> 2H2
-> Green algae & Cyanobacteria
!! No evolutionary pressure for PhotoBio-H2 !!
Slide10: No H2-uptake
More efficient:
- H2-production
- Photosynthesis
- Transfer of e-
No growth
-> Only…
Collect
Solar energy, split water and produce (and evolve) H2
Slide11: Cyanobacterial enzymes directly
involved in H2 metabolism
Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen: Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen Hydrogenase based Fermentation
Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen: Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen Nitrogenase
based
Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen: Two different approaches for cyanobacterial biohydrogen Nitrogenase based
e - Knock out the
uptake hydrogenase
Hydrogen evolution: Hydrogen evolution A: Mutant NHM5, B: Wildtype Nostoc 29133
Slide18: Small scale photobioreactor
Uptake hydrogenase minus mutant in a small scale photobioreactor: Uptake hydrogenase minus mutant in a small scale photobioreactor Outdoors; Summer, London (UK)
Sun -> Production & evolution of H2
14.9 ml H2 per h and L cells
Solar energy -> H2: 0.042%, BUT per ”active cell volume” about 1%
Artificial Systems: Artificial Systems Energy from the Sun; Photosynthesis
-> H+ and e- from water (H20)
Produce H2; Hydrogenases
H+ and e- -> H2
Mimick the two processes using the smallest active parts, make small molecules
Slide21: PhotoBiological Hydrogen Production
Combine Photosynthesis & Hydrogen Evolution (middle) 1 - Natural Systems; Microorganisms and BioReactors (left)
2 - Artificial Systems; Chemical Lego, mimick nature (right) National
project
-Since 10 years
-45 persons
-2006 at UU
-Swedish Energy
Agency
Slide22: D1 D2 cp47 cp43 Fe O Ca O N O H O H H O O O O H O H H Cl 3.3Å 2.7Å 2.7Å Useful principles
A SERIES OF ELECTRON-
TRANSPORTERS
REDOX POTENTIAL CA 1V
Mn-COMPLEX FOR
WATER OXIDATION
Slide23: O O N O H O H H O O O O H O H H OH to Photosynthesis Artificial Mn Mn Mn Mn Acceptor N EtO 2 C NH O N N O N N N N O O O Me Me Me Ru N N N N N Mn Mn Photosynthesis Acceptors
Slide25: 3 electrons can be taken from
Ru-Mn2(II,II) Magnetic field (Gauss) III,IV 2000 3000 4000 Mn II,II Dark 16 fl 35 fl MnIII,IV EPR: Ann Magnuson
Ping Huang
Slide26: Artificial system – permitting transfer of 3 electrons from Mn N N N N N N NH O N N O N N N N O O O Me Me Me Ru 3 electrons can be delivered by Mn 1 electron from Ru after every photon The result!
Slide27: N N N N N N Ru D A LH H O 2 2 O 2 + 4H + 4H + H 2 2 Link Link hv Supramolecular Chemistry
Chemical LEGO Link
Slide28: e- 2H+ H2 Electron
donor
Slide29: 2H+ H2 Fe Fe 2004 light
Slide30: Now – a complex that can make hydrogen!! Uppsala 2004-05, Sascha Ott – Reiner Lomoth seconds 0 200 400 600 -12 -8 -4 0 turnovers 5 10 15 20 25 Hydrogen formation. Measured as charge – number of electrons utilized Background Our complex
Slide31: PhotoBiological Hydrogen Production
Combine Photosynthesis & Hydrogen Evolution (middle) 1 - Natural Systems; Microorganisms and BioReactors (left)
2 - Artificial Systems; Chemical Lego, mimick nature (right) National
project
Artificial
Photosynthesis
-Since 10 years
-45 persons
-2006 at UU
-Swedish Energy
Agency
Slide32: Energy Agency, Knut and Alice Wallenberg’s Foundation; EU; VR Consortium for Artificial Photosynthesis
1994-2005
Slide33: European project (NEST/STREP)
2005-2007, 8 partners Natural & Artificial
Photo-
BioH2
IEA, H2-program BioHydrogen - Annex 21: IEA, H2-program BioHydrogen - Annex 21 Coordinator: Dr Jun Miyake, Japan
jun-miyake@aist.go.jp
2005 - 2009 (3 + 2 years)
A. H2-fermentation
B. Photobiological H2production
C. In vitro/Bioinspired systems
D. Analyses & Acceptance
1. Processes; H2 from Sun & Water using Natural & Artifical Systems 2. Membranes, separate H2 3. Membranes, incorporate proteins and molecules : 1. Processes; H2 from Sun & Water using Natural & Artifical Systems 2. Membranes, separate H2 3. Membranes, incorporate proteins and molecules
T h a n k s ! Swedish Research Council Swedish Energy Agency Nordic Energy Research Program EU/NEST: SOLAR-H: T h a n k s ! Swedish Research Council Swedish Energy Agency Nordic Energy Research Program EU/NEST: SOLAR-H