Unit 2: Unit 2 Sailing Round the World 环 球 航 行


Slide2: I. Word Study and Word building


1. single-handed (a. & ad.) 单独的（地）: 1. single-handed (a. & ad.) 单独的（地） e.g. This man has changed the whole situation almost single-handed. She accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.


2. adventure (n.) 冒险（活动）: 2. adventure (n.) 冒险（活动） e.g. Have you read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? Every journey outside the house is an adventure to the baby.


3. determined (to do sth) (a.) 下定了决心的: 3. determined (to do sth) (a.) 下定了决心的 e.g. He is determined that his child will not lead a poor life. The Government is determined to further the reform. She is a determined woman and has brought up her children single-handed.


4. retire (vi) (1) 退休: 4. retire (vi) (1) 退休 e.g. Professors usually retire at 60 in China. Next year I will retire from the school.


(2)  go away; withdraw 退下；离开；退却；撤退: (2)  go away; withdraw 退下；离开；退却；撤退 e.g. After dinner, the ladies retired to the drawing room, leaving the men to their cigars and drinks. Each side retired 15 miles from the frontier.


(3)  (formal) go to bed （正式用语）就寝: (3)  (formal) go to bed （正式用语）就寝 e.g. The writer usually retires at midnight.


5. voyage (n.) sea journey 航海；航行: 5. voyage (n.) sea journey 航海；航行 e.g. The letter was written on Hemingway’s voyage from the US to Paris. The first space shuttle voyage was devoted entirely to astronomy.


(v.) go on a sea journey 航海；航行: (v.) go on a sea journey 航海；航行 e.g.The seaman has almost voyaged around the world.


6. device (n.) 设备；装置: 6. device (n.) 设备；装置 e.g. Hunters use different devices to trap different animals. A wind vane (风向标) is a device to tell from which direction the wind blows.


7. damage (vt.) cause harm to 损坏: 7. damage (vt.) cause harm to 损坏 e.g. Hurricane Andrew damaged thousands of homes. The scandal damaged his career.


(n.) harm; loss 损坏: (n.) harm; loss 损坏 e.g. We must find ways to repair the damage. Hurricane Andrew did great damage to the crops.


8. previously (ad.) before 以前: 8. previously (ad.) before 以前 e.g. Previously the two were good friends. We planned previously to visit the museum, but we simply do not have the time.


9. attempt (n.) effort to do sth 试图，尝试: 9. attempt (n.) effort to do sth 试图，尝试 e.g. A true friend will make every attempt to help you. The enemy’s attempt at a surprise attack failed.


(vt.) try to do sth 试图，尝试: (vt.) try to do sth 试图，尝试 e.g. Don’t attempt the impossible. He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts.


10. fortunately (ad.) luckily 幸运地；幸亏: 10. fortunately (ad.) luckily 幸运地；幸亏 e.g. Many of my classmates have caught a heavy cold, fortunately I have not. Fortunately Matthew caught the rain.


11. contact (vt.) get in touch with 联系，接触: 11. contact (vt.) get in touch with 联系，接触 e.g. Do you contact your old classmates often?


(n.) state of touching or communication 联系，接触: (n.) state of touching or communication 联系，接触 e.g. Many people are afraid of contacts with AIDS patients. Robinson Crusoe was out of contact with everybody else for a long time.


12. nearby (a. & ad.) 在附近: 12. nearby (a. & ad.) 在附近 e.g. My son studied at a nearby school. At a nearby table people were talking loudly. There is a school nearby. The old woman I came across just now lives nearby.


13. waken (vi.) stop sleeping 醒来: 13. waken (vi.) stop sleeping 醒来 e.g. He wakened at the first ray of daylight.


(vt.) wake up sb. 唤醒: (vt.) wake up sb. 唤醒 e.g. The alarm bell wakened him out of a sound sleep.


14.accomplish (vt.) finish successfully 完成: 14.accomplish (vt.) finish successfully 完成 e.g. Women can accomplish anything men can do. Having accomplished its goal, the expedition team was on its way home.


15. conquer (vt.) defeat; overcome 征服: 15. conquer (vt.) defeat; overcome 征服 e.g. More and more people have come to realize that we must not “conquer” nature, but we should make good use of it, instead. It is very hard to conquer had habits.


16.moreover (ad.) in addition; furthermore 此外，而且: 16.moreover (ad.) in addition; furthermore 此外，而且 e.g. I don’t like going out in the evening; moreover the film is not worth seeing. He is undoubtedly not an ideal husband. He smokes and drinks. Moreover, he is lazy.


Slide26: II. Language Points and Reference (背景知识)


1. set out: begin a course of action 着手，开始: 1. set out: begin a course of action 着手，开始 e.g. We set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. I think you’re deliberately setting out to annoy me.


2. fail (vi.) 失败；不及格；（健康、体力、视力等）衰退；减弱: 2. fail (vi.) 失败；不及格；（健康、体力、视力等）衰退；减弱 e.g. She failed in everything she tried. He has been failing in health / eyesight / hearing in the past few years.


(vt.) 未能；使失望；不及格，没有通过考试: (vt.) 未能；使失望；不及格，没有通过考试 e.g. Jim failed to pass the final exam. Words failed me.


4. give up: 放弃: 4. give up: 放弃 e.g. You’d better give up smoking. We should not give up halfway. His pulse was so weak that the doctor gave him up for dead.


5.carry out: complete or fulfill; perform or conduct 实行；实现；完成；进行: 5.carry out: complete or fulfill; perform or conduct 实行；实现；完成；进行 e.g. She carried out well the tasks assigned her. Before testing this method on patients, Dr. Smith carried out tests for two years on three hundred dogs.


7. plenty of: a large quantity or number of 大量的，许多: 7. plenty of: a large quantity or number of 大量的，许多 e.g. plenty of water / sugar / money / time plenty of books / chairs / bottles / fresh fruits


8. all by oneself: 独自: 8. all by oneself: 独自 e.g. She was there all by herself. We finished this task all by ourselves.


9. cover (vt.) 行过（一段距离）: 9. cover (vt.) 行过（一段距离） e.g. The travelers covered 400 miles a day by car. They covered three states in two days.


10. must not / mustn’t:: 10. must not / mustn’t: mustn’t: expresses an obligation not to do something (or tells people not to do sth.) needn’t / don’t have to: is used to say there is no obligation.


must not / mustn’t: must not / mustn’t e.g. You mustn’t move any of the books on my desk. (The speakers tells you not to move the books.) You needn’t / don’t have to come tomorrow if you don’t want to. (There is no obligation for you to come.)


11. set off: begin a journey; start 开始（旅程等）；出发: 11. set off: begin a journey; start 开始（旅程等）；出发 e.g. We set off at dawn. to set off for a place to set off for holidays to set off on a trip to Huang Shan / across Europe


12.  in spite of: regardless of 尽管；虽然: 12.  in spite of: regardless of 尽管；虽然 e.g. The children went to school in spite of the storm. The headmaster decided to hire this young man in spite of the fact that he had had no teaching experience at all.


13. dissuade sb. from doing sth: 劝阻: 13. dissuade sb. from doing sth: 劝阻 e.g. They dissuaded her from leaving school. The father finally dissuaded his son from giving up the job in the factory. cf. persuade sb. to do sth; persuade sb. into doing sth.


14. by far: by a large degree … 得多: 14. by far: by a large degree … 得多 e.g. She is by far better than Jim at spelling. He is by far the best boy in the class. By far the shortest way to learn to read a language is to begin by speaking it.


15.  Cape Horn: 合恩角（智利）: 15.  Cape Horn: 合恩角（智利） A steep headland (岬) at the south of Horn Island, Chile, generally considered the southernmost point of South America. All the water between South America and the Antarctic Ocean (南大洋) is squeezed (挤) through this narrow, shallow gap. Sometimes, the waves there may be as high as 50 feet.


16. so … that …: to (or in) such a degree that 如此 … 以致于 …: 16. so … that …: to (or in) such a degree that 如此 … 以致于 … e.g. Was he so angry that he hit her? She ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with her.


17. turn over: (cause to) fall over, upset （使）翻倒，（使）倾覆: 17. turn over: (cause to) fall over, upset （使）翻倒，（使）倾覆 e.g. The lamp was turned over, and that was what started the fire. The car turned over when the driver was making a sharp turn. A big wave turned the boat over.


18. Wild horses could not drag:: 18. Wild horses could not drag: nothing, no matter how strong, could make you do something. e.g. Wild horses could not drag the secret from my lips. Wild horses could not have dragged me away from the exciting film. (= Nothing could have made me leave.)


drag (vt.) pull along with difficulty 拖，拉: drag (vt.) pull along with difficulty 拖，拉 e.g. You have to drag the bookworm into exercising outdoors. The capital prisoner was dragged from his cell.


19. Southern Ocean (南大洋): 19. Southern Ocean (南大洋) Waters surrounding Antarctic (南极洲). These waters are the southernmost parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. It is also called the Antarctic Ocean.


20. Queen Elizabeth II (女王伊丽莎白二世)(1926- ): 20. Queen Elizabeth II (女王伊丽莎白二世)(1926- ) Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland since 1952. She is the daughter of George IV.


21. Queen Elizabeth I (女王伊丽莎白一世)(1533-1603): 21. Queen Elizabeth I (女王伊丽莎白一世)(1533-1603) Queen of England and Ireland (1558 - 1603). She was one of the most powerful rulers in English history. The time when she reigned is called the Elizabethan Age, and it was a long period of forty-five years, when England became very rich and powerful.


22. Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份):: 22. Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份): Knights were the highest class of fighting men in Europe during the Middle Ages. There were other classes of fighting men, such as the lowly foot soldiers. But the knights, who fought on horseback, were the aristocrats of the battlefield. The great heroes of the time, both in story and in fact, were knights.


Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份):: Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份): By the year 1500 the time of the knights as fighting man was over. Hired foot soldiers replaced the mounted knights. But knighthood did not die out altogether. Today in Great Britain, knighthood is an honorary award given to outstanding people in recognition of some remarkable work they have done.


Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份):: Knights and knighthood (骑士/爵士和爵士地位或身份): A man with the rank of knight is called “Sir” (prefixed to his whole name or given name, but not to his surname alone), and his wife, “Lady”. A woman with the same rank is called “Dame”.


23. Knighthood ceremony (爵位授礼):: 23. Knighthood ceremony (爵位授礼): The King or Queen takes the sword of the person being honored or borrows one from someone present at the ceremony. The person about to be knighted kneels on one knee and bows his head respectfully in front of the King or Queen.


Knighthood ceremony (爵位授礼):: Knighthood ceremony (爵位授礼): The King or Queen touches with the sword first the left shoulder of the person bowing before him or her then the right shoulder and finally the top of the bowed head. While doing this the King or Queen says, “We dub (v. 授予；用剑拍肩封 … 为爵士) thee Sir __________.”


24. very (attrib a.) same; identical 同一的；真正的；恰好的: 24. very (attrib a.) same; identical 同一的；真正的；恰好的 e.g. You are the very man I want to see. Everyone says he is the very man for the job. At that very moment that bomb went off.


25.  Sir Francis Drake (1540-96):: 25.  Sir Francis Drake (1540-96): English naval explorer, once the vice-admiral (海军中将) of the British Navy. After several slave-trading (贩卖奴隶) expeditions to West Africa and the Spanish Main (1566-73), he sailed round the globe in the Golden Hind (1577-80).


Sir Francis Drake (1540-96):: Sir Francis Drake (1540-96): He managed to tie down (钳制) the Spanish Armada (西班牙舰队) by raiding (袭击) Cadiz (1587), and helped defeat the Spanish attempt to invade England (1588). To historians, he is a controversial figure. The British regard him as a national hero while many in other countries think of him as a pirate (海盗).


26. undoubtedly (ad.) certainly 无疑地: 26. undoubtedly (ad.) certainly 无疑地 e.g. Thomas Jefferson is undoubtedly an admirable statesman. Undoubtedly this play is a great success.


Chinese-English Translation:: Chinese-English Translation: 1. Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at once. 2. After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to his headquarters.


Chinese-English Translation:: Chinese-English Translation: 3. He is determined to continue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way. 4. When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside.


Chinese-English Translation:: Chinese-English Translation: 5. Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6. We didn’t think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it.


Chinese-English Translation:: Chinese-English Translation: 7. Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world. 8. I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show.


Reading ActivityPhrases and expressions:: Reading Activity Phrases and expressions: 1. lose one’s mind: be mad 发疯 2. over and over: again and again 3. add to: increase 增加 4. prior to: (formal) before 在。。。之前 5. set up a goal：确立目标 6. attempt to finish：试图完成 7. make it: succeed 成功


English-Chinese Translation58岁时横渡英吉利海峡: English-Chinese Translation 58岁时横渡英吉利海峡 1. 不管你是20岁还是58岁，都喜欢接受挑战，干些带有冒险意味的事儿；而为横渡英吉利海峡作准备，远比在超级市场打工有意义，尤其是当你有所选择的时候。


English-Chinese Translation: English-Chinese Translation 2. 正是这一挑战，每年吸引了100名左右的旅游爱好者，他们心甘情愿地投入时间、精力和财力，一试身手。 3.我一旦确立了目标，便不会轻易放弃。 4. 由于海浪汹涌，海水冰凉，她游得很艰苦，这时她的教练在船上向她大声喊叫，认为她应该知难而退，弃水上船。