RocksUnderMicro tcm4 285395

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ROCKS under the microscope: 

ROCKS under the microscope

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The ROCKS you need to know granite diorite gabbro dolerite basalt shelly limestone sandstone arkose greywacke marble schist

PPL XPL Granite Note how light and clear it is under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main minerals – feldspars (often microcline), quartz, biotite and muscovite: 

PPL XPL Granite Note how light and clear it is under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main minerals – feldspars (often microcline), quartz, biotite and muscovite quartz quartz muscovite muscovite biotite biotite plagioclase plagioclase

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plagioclase amphibole amphibole plagioclase biotite biotite PPL XPL Diorite Darker under PPL than granite with more coloured minerals; much plagioclase and amphibole/biotite, only small amount of quartz

PPL XPL Gabbro Coarse-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine: 

PPL XPL Gabbro Coarse-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine olivine olivine olivine pyroxene pyroxene plagioclase plagioclase

PPL XPL Dolerite Medium-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase (often in form of laths), pyroxene (intergrown through other crystals) and olivine: 

PPL XPL Dolerite Medium-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase (often in form of laths), pyroxene (intergrown through other crystals) and olivine plagioclase plagioclase pyroxene pyroxene

PPL XPL Basalt Fine-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine; often porphyritic (large well-formed crystals in fine groundmass): 

PPL XPL Basalt Fine-grained; darker under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine; often porphyritic (large well-formed crystals in fine groundmass) pyroxene pyroxene fine groundmass of plagioclase & iron minerals

PPL XPL Shelly limestone Dark under PPL and dark pearly shades under XPL; main mineral – calcite; note the fossils.: 

calcite calcite PPL XPL Shelly limestone Dark under PPL and dark pearly shades under XPL; main mineral – calcite; note the fossils.

PPL XPL Sandstone Rounded quartz fragments; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main mineral – quartz: 

quartz quartz PPL XPL Sandstone Rounded quartz fragments; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main mineral – quartz

PPL XPL Arkose More angular quartz and feldspar fragments; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main minerals – quartz and microcline: 

microcline quartz quartz microcline PPL XPL Arkose More angular quartz and feldspar fragments; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main minerals – quartz and microcline

PPL XPL Greywacke Fragments variable in shape, size and type; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main mineral – quartz but with rock fragments, feldspar and minor micas; look out for the muddy matrix!: 

quartz quartz muddy matrix muddy matrix rock fragment rock fragment PPL XPL Greywacke Fragments variable in shape, size and type; light under PPL and grey/white/black under XPL; main mineral – quartz but with rock fragments, feldspar and minor micas; look out for the muddy matrix!

PPL XPL Marble Crystalline with perfect cleavages evident; light under PPL and pearly shades under XPL; main mineral – calcite.: 

calcite calcite PPL XPL Marble Crystalline with perfect cleavages evident; light under PPL and pearly shades under XPL; main mineral – calcite.

PPL XPL Schist Minerals showing foliation; light under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – muscovite, biotite, garnet, quartz and feldspar: 

garnet muscovite quartz PPL XPL Schist Minerals showing foliation; light under PPL and brightly coloured under XPL; main minerals – muscovite, biotite, garnet, quartz and feldspar garnet muscovite quartz