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Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT Why should developing countries adopt Open Access?

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT OA and Developing Countries What science and all scholarly disciplines need? What DCs need? What are DC problems? What global solutions have emerged? How has the world responded? How have DCs responded? Summary of benefits of OA What needs to be done to speed things up?

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 EPT : 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 EPT What scholarship needs Share knowledge Build on the work of others Speed the solution of many global problems in health, environment, agriculture. . . . Avoid duplication and save resources and time Develop international partnerships

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT What developing countries want A strong science base to ensure a strong independent economy Access to the world’s scientific research literature Incorporation of local research into the global knowledge base A strong publishing capability Don’t want dependence on hand-outs

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT DC problems Access problems: - Access to publications (cost, economic embargoes. . ) - Access to online facility (limited to library, institute. . ) Access to suitable bandwidth (satellite, wireless developments)

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT ACCESS STUDY WHO study in 2003 showed: Of 75 countries with GNP/per capita/yr < $1000, 56% of medical institutions had NO subscriptions to journals over the last 5 years Of countries with GNP/capita/yr of $1-3000, 34% had NO subscriptions and a further 34% had an average of 2 subscriptions/yr Situation unlikely to have changed since 2003

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT DC problems Distribution problems: Cost of publication Cost of distribution These financial restrictions lead to: _ Low print runs Poor visibility Disinterest in contributing Disinterest in subscribing Economic problems

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT WHAT DO WE WANT? We want all publicly-funded published research literature to be available to all without financial barriers (a level playing field for all) WHEN DO WE WANT IT? Now!

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT HOW? Budapest Open Access Initiative Recommendations made in 2001 http://www.soros.org/openaccess/ [Open Society Institute sponsored]

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT HOW TO GET A LEVEL PLAYING FIELD? Open Access! 1. Archiving copies of published papers in interoperable archives and making free to all readers or 2. Making journals free to readers and covering publishing costs in other ways (government/institute subsidies, author- or author-organisation pays, advertising, other paid-for services . . . )

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT OA Declarations of acceptance since BOAI: Bethesda Declaration (April 2003), Howard Hughes organised first meeting, established much of subsequent OA language Berlin Declaration, October 2003, signed by 164 organisations (CERN, INSERM, KNAW, IBICT, Indian Academy of Science and many universities, institutes . . .) + follow-up meetings Many countries (Netherlands, Australia, Scotland, Finland. . .) Many organisations (Wellcome Trust, CERN, UK Research Councils, NIH, SPARC, IFLA . . .) Many universities (S’ton, Minho, Queensland . )

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT What progress globally? Have the Declarations achieved anything? Registry of Open Access Repositories http://archives.eprints.org 757 repositories harvested by Celestial, shows growth of individual IRs Directory of Open Access Repositories http://www.opendoar.org/ 793 repositories, harvested differently, quality checked repositories from 1000 entries Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org 2445 OA journals, 716 searchable at article level, > 100,000 articles OAIster search engine can harvest from nearing 10,000,000 records held in interoperable repositories (not all full text. . .) (http://oaister.umdl.umich.edu/o/oaister/

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT What progress in developing countries? Salvador Declaration (September 2005) called for OA to all publicly-funded research ARCHIVES: 113 registered (mostly from Brazil & India, but including 6 from China, 7 from Sth. Africa) JOURNALS: India – 81 OA journals Latin America – SciELO ~300 OA Journals China – 11 OA journals Bioline International – 54 OA Journals from 16 countries, including the above regions

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT MedKnow statistics Dr D K Sahu has studied effects of OA on journals distributed by MedKnow, Mumbai Effect on submissions (both Indian and overseas) Effect on impact factors Effect on subscriptions

Article submissionsJournal ofPostgraduate Medicine, India: 

Article submissions Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, India

International submissions to Journal ofPostgraduate Medicine, India: 

International submissions to Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, India

Projected Impact FactorJournal ofPostgraduate Medicine, India: 

Projected Impact Factor Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, India

Slide18: 

Effect of OA on Subscriptions Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, India

Number of full text requests for the top 10 active journals on Bioline International(ranked by number of articles)- indicates journal not yet available on BIUsage statistics are shown from January through June 2006Figures adjusted to remove hits from search engine web crawlers: 

Number of full text requests for the top 10 active journals on Bioline International (ranked by number of articles) - indicates journal not yet available on BI Usage statistics are shown from January through June 2006 Figures adjusted to remove hits from search engine web crawlers

OAIster repositories, provided by Dr E Hilf, Institute for Science Networking Oldenburg GmbH, Germany: 

OAIster repositories, provided by Dr E Hilf, Institute for Science Networking Oldenburg GmbH, Germany

OAIster records provided by Dr E Hilf, Institute for Science Networking Oldenburg GmbH, Germany: 

OAIster records provided by Dr E Hilf, Institute for Science Networking Oldenburg GmbH, Germany

What are the benefits of OA for developing countries?: 

What are the benefits of OA for developing countries? Free access to a rapidly increasing amount of refereed published literature, so speeding research capability Very much greater visibility of national research output, so eliminating scientific isolation Strengthening local journals: greater submissions, higher impact, and - even - higher subscription levels Scholarly independence – no longer the World Wide Wait

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT PROGRESS? Very substantial, but much more required to get 100% free access What must be done now? Raise awareness (workshops,training,articles) Develop National OA Policies Establish Institutional Repositories (IRs) Mandate deposit in IRs Support OA Journals

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT UK experience Ctee of S&T survey and recommendations to adopt OA for publicly-funded publications, July 2004 Government blocks progress (DTI) UK Research Councils (8) support OA and invite responses. July 2006 issue final report: 5 RCs mandate deposit in IRs 2 RCs request deposit, but no mandate yet 1 RC still thinking

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT What is happening in other media studies? Music industry – free downloads not killing the industry Film industry – free DVDs and videos not killing the film industry Newspaper industry – Guardian sales increased by ~5% in 2005 in spite of free content online Scholarly papers – no evidence that free archived documents or journals converting to OA damages subscriptions – sometimes increases them but wise industries adapting to new technology . . . .

Salvador OA Declaration: 

Salvador OA Declaration Scientific and technological research is essential for social and economic development. Scientific communication is a crucial and inherent part of the activities of research and development. Science advances more effectively when there is unrestricted access to scientific information. More broadly, open access enables education and use of scientific information by the public. In a world that is increasingly globalized, with science claiming to be universal, exclusion from access to information is not acceptable. It is important that access be considered as a universal right, independent of any region. Open Access must facilitate developing countries' active participation in the worldwide exchange of scientific information, including free access to the heritage of scientific knowledge, effective participation in the process of generation and dissemination of knowledge, and strengthening the coverage of topics of direct relevance to developing countries. Developing countries already have pioneering initiatives that promote Open Access and therefore they should play an important role in shaping Open Access worldwide.

Slide27: 

Therefore, we urge governments to make Open Access a high priority in science policies including: requiring that publicly funded research is made available through Open Access; considering the cost of publication as part of the cost of research; strengthening the local OA journals, repositories and other relevant initiatives; promoting integration of developing countries scientific information in the worldwide body of knowledge. We call on all stakeholders in the international community to work together to ensure that scientific information is openly accessible and freely available to all, forever.

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT: 

Bangalore OA Workshop 2006 - EPT OA has huge opportunities for DCs Progress very good globally So let’s celebrate!