KPittman06212006

Cyc’s Comprehensive Geospatial Knowledge Base:An Overview: 

Cyc’s Comprehensive Geospatial Knowledge Base: An Overview Karen Pittman and Chip Masters June 21, 2006

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Comprehensive Geospatial Knowledge Base

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GSK Integration, Retrieval and Fusion Comprehensive Geospatial Knowledge Base

Comprehensive Geospatial Ontology in Cyc: 

Comprehensive Geospatial Ontology in Cyc Cyc contains: 15,000 Predicates 225,000 Classes 2,700,000 Assertions Represented in: First Order Logic Higher Order Logic Context Logic

Areas of Geospatial Ontology Effort: 

Areas of Geospatial Ontology Effort (Geo)Topography: metric and geometric concepts salient to describing regions of the earth’s surface (e.g. measurement of lengths along, and angles between, great circles and rhumb lines; geodetic models of the earth, their reference ellipsoids, and coordinate transformations between them; map projections and coordinate transformations between map projections). Mereotopology: concepts such as spatial part of, overlapping, and connected to; applicable to any space, or things located in space, according to very general senses of these terms (e.g. where a space is a topology, in the mathematical sense). (Geo)Cartography: concepts used to define natural or conventional boundaries of earth surface regions, such as continent, desert, prefecture or nation. Also, the loosely connected cluster of attribute dimensions that are used by maps to characterize these, or arbitrary (e.g. regular polygon) spatial regions. For example: Weather attributes, trafficability attributes, degrees of soil fertility, and numbers or types of a region’s inhabitants.

Some Statistics: 

Some Statistics Total # of Geospatial Terms: 19159 (4.7% of Cyc KB) Total # of Geospatial Functionally Definable Terms: > 20000 (FieldFn Wheat-Plant) (MakingConstructionArtifactFn NuclearReactor)

Mereotopology: Sources Used: 

Mereotopology: Sources Used Research articles on the Region Connection Calculus and other approaches to Qualitative Spatial Reasoning (Bibliography at end of presentation) Elements of Mathematics: General Topology by Bourbaki Math World http://mathworld.wolfram.com/

Mereotopology Bibliography: 

Mereotopology Bibliography “Vagueness and Rough Location,” Bittner, T., Stell, J.G., GeoInformatica, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 6:99-121 2002 “Point-Set Topological Spatial Relations,” Egenhofer, Max J. and Franzosa, Robert D., Journal for Geographical Information Systems, Taylor & Francis, 5 (2): 161-174, 1991 “A Spatial Logic Based on Regions and Connection,” Randell, D.A., Cui, Z., Cohn, A.G., Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. On Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann (1992) Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information, Jochen Renz, Springer, 2002

Answerable Mereotopology Queries: 

Answerable Mereotopology Queries Are the space regions occupied by bordering independent countries externally connected? If A is disconnected from B, does A connect with B? Is the exact location of a part also part of the exact location of the whole? If A is identical with B, is A part of B and B part of A? Is the space region occupied by a proper physical part of some tangible thing a proper part of the space region occupied by the whole tangible thing? If A overlaps B, and neither A nor B is a part of the other, does A partially overlap B? Is a space region which has a two dimensional part also two dimensional? If A connects with, but does not overlap, B, does A externally connect with B? Is every region inside itself?

Topography: Sources Used: 

Topography: Sources Used The American Practical Navigator http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 The Geographer’s Craft http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/contents.html Open Geospatial Consortium Specifications Simple Features Specification for SQL Coordinate Transformation Services Math World http://mathworld.wolfram.com/

Cartography: Motivating Sources: 

Cartography: Motivating Sources US Army Field Manuals Feature Attribute Coding Catalogue (FACC) NGA Geonames designation codes Getty Geography Thesaurus

Open Geospatial Simple Features: 

Open Geospatial Simple Features The Open Geospatial Consortium’s ‘Simple Features Specification for SQL’ establishes a geometric data model and the functions and operators defined on them. Most commercial spatial database platforms conform to it. Our interest is to ensure that Cyc has concepts corresponding to all parts of the specification to ease integration with these database management systems using Semantic Knowledge Source Integration.

What named roadways have sections in both Cherokee County, SC and Washington, DC?: 

What named roadways have sections in both Cherokee County, SC and Washington, DC? ?

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Semantic Knowledge Source Integration Querying/ Asserting in CycL

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SELECT DISTINCT roadtrl0201358.name, roadtrl0201368.name, roadtrl0201358.gid, roadtrl0201368.gid FROM countyp020 AS countyp0201369, roadtrl020 AS roadtrl0201368, countyp020 AS countyp0201359, roadtrl020 AS roadtrl0201358 WHERE (roadtrl0201358.name = roadtrl0201368.name) AND (roadtrl0201358.the_geom && countyp0201359.the_geom) AND contains(countyp0201359.the_geom, roadtrl0201358.the_geom) AND (roadtrl0201368.the_geom && countyp0201369.the_geom) AND contains(countyp0201369.the_geom, roadtrl0201368.the_geom) AND (countyp0201359.fips = '11001') AND (countyp0201369.fips = '45021')

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Geospatial Knowledge Source Integrator Current Area of Research GSK Database Fusion

Simple Example: 

USGS Simple Example

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USGS NGA_GNS rc integer ufi integer not null uni integer not null dd_lat real dd_long real … fc character(1) dsg text cc1 character(2) adm1 character(2) adm2 text cc2 character(2) nt character(1) full_name text short_form text … the_geom geometry USGS_GNIS fid integer not null … name text type text … state_fips character(2) county_fips character(3) … primary_lat real primary_long real … the_geom geometry Feature Type 643 codes 67 codes

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#$BodyOfWater #$Bay USGS: “bay” NGA: “BAY” #$Stream USGS: “stream” NGA: “STM” #$Cove NGA: “COVE” #$TidalCreek NGA: “CRKT” #$Stream-Canalized NGA: “STMC” #$Spring-WaterSource USGS: “spring” NGA: “SPNG” #$HotSpring NGA: “SPNT” #$SulfurSpring NGA: “SPNS” #$Geyser USGS: “geyser” NGA: “GYSR” #$GeographicalRegion USGS: “area” NGA: “RGN” #$Place NGA: “LCTY” #$Flat-Topographical USGS: “flat” #$Flat-Underwater NGA: “FLTU”