logging in or signing up OB ch03 Urania Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1418 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: January 29, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Ojas1 (7 month(s) ago) I like this ppt. hw could i download this. my mail id is reena.ojas@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: elzabeta (9 month(s) ago) How can i download this presentation? My email is exx_happy@hotmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter 3 Nelson & Quick: Chapter 3 Nelson & Quick Personality, Perception, and AttributionVariables Influencing Individual Behavior: Variables Influencing Individual BehaviorPropositions of Interactional Psychology: Propositions of Interactional Psychology Behavior—function of a continuous, multi-directional interaction between person and situation Person—active in process Changed by situations Changes situations People vary in many characteristics Two situational interpretations The objective situation Person’s subjective view of the situationDefinition of Personality: Definition of Personality Personality - A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behaviorPersonality Theories: Personality Theories Trait Theory - understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits Psychodynamic Theory - emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior Humanistic Theory - emphasizes individual growth and improvement Integrative Approach - describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processesBig Five Personality Traits: Big Five Personality Traits Sources: P. T. Costa and R. R. McCrae, The NEO-PI Personality Inventory (Odessa, Fla.: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992); J. F. Salgado, “The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European Community,” Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (1997): 30-43.Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Locus of Control Internal ExternalPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Efficacy - beliefs and expectations about one’s ability to accomplish a specific task effectively Sources of self-efficacy Prior experiences and prior success Behavior models (observing success) Persuasion Assessment of current physical & emotional capabilities Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Esteem Feelings of Self WorthPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Monitoring Behavior based on cues from people & situations High self monitors flexible: adjust behavior according to the situation and the behavior of others can appear unpredictable & inconsistent Low self monitors act from internal states rather than from situational cues show consistency less likely to respond to work group norms or supervisory feedbackWho Is Most Likely to . . .: Who Is Most Likely to . . . Low-self monitors High-self monitors Get promoted Change employers Make a job-related geographic movePersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Positive Affect - an individual’s tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general Negative Affect - an individual’s tendency to accentuate the negative aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations A strong situation can overwhelm the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behaviorPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Strong personalities will dominate in a weak situationHow is Personality Measured?: How is Personality Measured? Projective Test - elicits an individual’s response to abstract stimuli Behavioral Measures - personality assessments that involve observing an individual’s behavior in a controlled situation Self-Report Questionnaire - assessment involving an individual’s responses to questions Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - instrument measuring Jung’s theory of individual differences. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Based on Carl Jung’s work People are fundamentally different People are fundamentally alike People have preference combinations for extraversion/introversion, perception, judgment Briggs & Myers developed the MBTI to understand individual differencesMBTI Preferences: MBTI PreferencesSocial Perception: Social Perception Barriers Selective perception Stereotyping First-impression error Projection Self-fulfilling propheciesSocial Perception: Social Perception BarriersImpression Management: Impression Management Impression Management – process by which individuals try to control the impression others have of them Name dropping Appearance Self-description Flattery Favors Agreement with opinionAttribution Theory: Attribution Theory Attribution theory - explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior or that of others Information cues for attribution information gathering consensus distinctiveness consistency Attribution Biases: Attribution Biases Fundamental Attribution Error - tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else’s behavior Self-serving Bias - tendency to attribute one’s own successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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OB ch03 Urania Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1418 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (3) Dislike it (0) Added: January 29, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Ojas1 (7 month(s) ago) I like this ppt. hw could i download this. my mail id is reena.ojas@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: elzabeta (9 month(s) ago) How can i download this presentation? My email is exx_happy@hotmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Chapter 3 Nelson & Quick: Chapter 3 Nelson & Quick Personality, Perception, and AttributionVariables Influencing Individual Behavior: Variables Influencing Individual BehaviorPropositions of Interactional Psychology: Propositions of Interactional Psychology Behavior—function of a continuous, multi-directional interaction between person and situation Person—active in process Changed by situations Changes situations People vary in many characteristics Two situational interpretations The objective situation Person’s subjective view of the situationDefinition of Personality: Definition of Personality Personality - A relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behaviorPersonality Theories: Personality Theories Trait Theory - understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits Psychodynamic Theory - emphasizes the unconscious determinants of behavior Humanistic Theory - emphasizes individual growth and improvement Integrative Approach - describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processesBig Five Personality Traits: Big Five Personality Traits Sources: P. T. Costa and R. R. McCrae, The NEO-PI Personality Inventory (Odessa, Fla.: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1992); J. F. Salgado, “The Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Performance in the European Community,” Journal of Applied Psychology 82 (1997): 30-43.Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Locus of Control Internal ExternalPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Efficacy - beliefs and expectations about one’s ability to accomplish a specific task effectively Sources of self-efficacy Prior experiences and prior success Behavior models (observing success) Persuasion Assessment of current physical & emotional capabilities Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Esteem Feelings of Self WorthPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Self-Monitoring Behavior based on cues from people & situations High self monitors flexible: adjust behavior according to the situation and the behavior of others can appear unpredictable & inconsistent Low self monitors act from internal states rather than from situational cues show consistency less likely to respond to work group norms or supervisory feedbackWho Is Most Likely to . . .: Who Is Most Likely to . . . Low-self monitors High-self monitors Get promoted Change employers Make a job-related geographic movePersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Positive Affect - an individual’s tendency to accentuate the positive aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general Negative Affect - an individual’s tendency to accentuate the negative aspects of oneself, other people, and the world in general Personality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations A strong situation can overwhelm the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for appropriate behaviorPersonality Characteristics in Organizations: Personality Characteristics in Organizations Strong personalities will dominate in a weak situationHow is Personality Measured?: How is Personality Measured? Projective Test - elicits an individual’s response to abstract stimuli Behavioral Measures - personality assessments that involve observing an individual’s behavior in a controlled situation Self-Report Questionnaire - assessment involving an individual’s responses to questions Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - instrument measuring Jung’s theory of individual differences. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Based on Carl Jung’s work People are fundamentally different People are fundamentally alike People have preference combinations for extraversion/introversion, perception, judgment Briggs & Myers developed the MBTI to understand individual differencesMBTI Preferences: MBTI PreferencesSocial Perception: Social Perception Barriers Selective perception Stereotyping First-impression error Projection Self-fulfilling propheciesSocial Perception: Social Perception BarriersImpression Management: Impression Management Impression Management – process by which individuals try to control the impression others have of them Name dropping Appearance Self-description Flattery Favors Agreement with opinionAttribution Theory: Attribution Theory Attribution theory - explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own behavior or that of others Information cues for attribution information gathering consensus distinctiveness consistency Attribution Biases: Attribution Biases Fundamental Attribution Error - tendency to make attributions to internal causes when focusing on someone else’s behavior Self-serving Bias - tendency to attribute one’s own successes to internal causes and one’s failures to external causes