stic

TITLE: 

TITLE S&T TEXT MINING DR. RONALD N. KOSTOFF OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH PRESENTATION TO STIC 11 JANUARY 2001

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS TM DEFINITIONS DATA MINING: EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION FROM DATA TEXT MINING: EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION FROM TEXT COMPUTER-BASED, LARGE VOLUMES S&T TEXT MINING: EXTRACTION OF USEFUL INFORMATION FROM TECHNICAL TEXT ADDED COMPLEXITY: NEED FOR LEXICON, CONTEXT

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS TM COMPONENTS INFORMATION RETRIEVAL INFORMATION PROCESSING BIBLIOMETRICS COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS CLUSTERING INFORMATION INTEGRATION

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS TWO APPROACHES SOCIOLOGICAL HIGH LEVEL OVERVIEW LOW RESOLUTION RESULTS HIGH FREQUENCY PHENOMENA MODEST INPUTS OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE AMENABLE TO SEMI-AUTOMATED ANALYSIS SHORT TIME REQUIRED RELATIVELY LOW COST LITTLE NEW INFORMATION TO TECHNICAL EXPERTS

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS ANALYTICAL DETAILED INSIGHTS HIGH RESOLUTION RESULTS LOW FREQUENCY PHENOMENA SUBSTANTIAL INPUTS OF TECHNICAL EXPERTISE MORE MANUAL EFFORTS REQUIRED LONGER TIME REQUIRED MODEST COST REQUIRED NEW INFORMATION AND INSIGHTS FOR TECHNICAL EXPERT

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS FULL ACCESS AND INSIGHT TO RELEVANT GLOBAL S&T DATA TO SUPPORT: 1) DISCOVERING AND INNOVATING FROM LITERATURE, 2) PLANNING/ EXECUTING/ MANAGING/ TRANSITIONING OF S&T

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS HELP ANSWER FOLLOWING GENERIC QUESTIONS: WHAT S&T IS BEING DONE GLOBALLY? WHO IS DOING IT? WHERE IS IT BEING DONE? WHAT MESSAGES CAN BE EXTRACTED FROM GLOBAL S&T? WHAT PROMISING DIRECTIONS CAN BE IDENTIFIED? WHAT IS NOT BEING DONE? --->WHAT SHOULD WE BE DOING DIFFERENTLY?

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS: 

DEFINITIONS/ GOALS RETRIEVE S&T DOCUMENTS FROM GLOBAL DATABASES SCI, COMPENDEX, WEB, NTIS, RADIUS, MEDLINE IDENTIFY TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE AUTHORS, JOURNALS, ORGANIZATIONS, ETC REVIEW PANELS, WORKSHOPS, SITE VISITS IDENTIFY CITATION NETWORKS IMPACT TRACKING, SPONSOR PRESENTATIONS LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY PROMISING S&T DIRECTIONS/ OPPORTUNITIES IDENTIFY PERVASIVE SUB-TECHNOLOGY THEMES ESTIMATE RELATIVE GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS GENERATE TAXONOMIES IDENTIFY THEME RELATIONSHIPS CLUSTERING OF COMMON THEMES GENERATE BOTTOM-UP TAXONOMIES ALSO INTEL APPLICATIONS SUPPORTS PROGRAM/ ORGANIZATIONAL RE-STRUCTURING

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - PRODUCT COMPREHENSIVE RECORDS HIGHLY RELEVANT RECORDS MULTIPLE DATABASES SCI EC NTIS MEDLINE COMPLETE QUERY

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - PROCESS START WITH INITIAL TEST QUERY EXPERT DIVIDES RECORDS RETRIEVED INTO RELEVANT/ NON-RELEVANT OBTAIN PATTERNS CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH GROUP (LINGUISTIC/ BIBLIOMETRIC) RELEVANT GROUP PATTERNS PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVENESS NON-RELEVANT GROUP PATTERNS ELIMINATE NOISE RECORDS ITERATE UNTIL CONVERGENCE OBTAINED MOST CRITICAL PART OF TEXT MINING

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - EXAMPLE SHIP HYDRODYNAMICS (hydrodynamic* or hydromechanic* or fluid flow or potential flow or incompressible flow or wake or turbulen* or vort*) AND (bound* or ship* or surface* or hull* or fish or dolphin) NOT (accret* or adhes* or adsor* or aggregat* or bacter* or bear* or black hole or carbon* or cluster* or colli* or colloid* or combustion or crystal* or dissol* or emiss* or erosion or flame* or fractur* or gala* or grain* or ion* or larva* or lubrica* or melt* or membrane* or microscop* or mineral* or molecul* or organ* or permea* or plasm* or poro* or protein* or rock* or sediment* or shell* or shock or star or stars or stellar or sulf* or surface brightness or weld* or x-ray ageostrophic or animal* or antarctic or arctic or bay or bio* or cancer or CFC* or cilia or climat* or cloud* or coloni*or cosm* or crack* or cultivation or cumulus or diatom* or DNA or dunes or earthquake* or eco* or fermi or fluidised bed* fluidized bed* or greenhouse or gyre* or hydrographic or intertidal or Josephson or leaf or liposome* or monsoon* or muddy or nucl* or nutrient* or ozone or photolysis or phytoplankton or quantum or Rossby or sand or snow or soil or strato* or superconduct* or tropopause or undercurrent or ventricular or volcan* or zoo* or ablation or agglomeration or algal or alto* or astro-physics or astronomy or Benard convection or baroclinic* or barotropic* or blood flow or botan* or Brownian motion or capillary or cardiolog* or carotid or casting or CCD or cells or computational combustion dynamics or condensation or cyclon* or Darcy* or deep drawing or deposition or drainage or dredg* or drying or Ekman or electrochem* or environment*or enzyme* or estuary flow or fault* or film or foundry or fractal* or geostrophic or glycolipid* or granular or groundwater or Gulf-stream or heart or hydrology or hypersonic or ice mechanics or insect or irrigation or Kelvin-Helmholtz or laser welding or lipid* or liquid metal* or liquid-metal or locomotion or mantle or manufact* or materials or medical or microgravity or micromolecular or microscale or mining or molding or molten or Oseen or osmosis or physiolog* or pollution or polyphase flow or powder or preditor* or protozoa or pylori* or rain* or rarefied gas or reacting flow* or refuse or resuspension or roller* or rolling or scour* or seals or seismic or siltation or sintering or slag or solar or soldering or solenoid* or solidification or storm or sun or superfluid or supersonic or suspension* or tecton* or tide* or tidal or tokamak or tribology or turbidity or ultrasonic* or upwelling)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - EXAMPLE AIRCRAFT SCIENCE CITATION INDEX APPROXIMATELY 5600 JOURNALS & MAGAZINES. PHYSICAL, ENGINEERING & LIFE SCIENCES BASIC RESEARCH. 1991 - MID 1998. PRODUCED 4346 APPLICABLE RECORDS .ENGINEERING COMPENDEX APPROXIMATELY 2600 JOURNALS & CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. MAINLY APPLIED RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY. 1990 - MID 1998 PRODUCED 15,673 APPLICABLE RECORDS.

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - EXAMPLE AIRCRAFT (CONT’D) SCI REQUIRED SIGNIFICANT EFFORT TO DEVELOP QUERY FOR COMPREHENSIVE HIGH S/N RELEVANT RECORDS REQUIRED A QUERY THAT CONSISTED OF 207 TERMS STARTED WITH “AIRCRAFT” ; SUBTRACTED NON-RELEVANT TERMS EC CONSIDERABLY MORE FOCUSED ON JOURNALS/ PUBLICATIONS OF INTEREST. VERY FEW EXTRANEOUS RECORDS GENERATED WITH 13 TERM QUERY. COMPLEXITY OF QUERY DEPENDS ON RELATION OF DATABASE CONTENTS TO OBJECTIVES OF STUDY.

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - BENEFITS ITERATIVE QUERY APPROACH ALLOWS: INCREASED RATIO OF RELEVANT/ NON-RELEVANT RECORDS; HIGHER SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO NOISE REDUCTION VERY IMPORTANT FOR LARGE RETRIEVALS IMPROVES ANALYSIS RESULTS - KET LAW MORE RECORDS IN FOCUSED FIELD TO BE RETRIEVED; INCREASED SIGNAL USES LANGUAGE OF AUTHORS MORE RECORDS IN ALLIED FIELDS TO BE RETRIEVED POTENTIALLY RELEVANT RECORDS IN DISPARATE FIELDS TO BE RETRIEVED

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - PRODUCT PROLIFIC AUTHORS JOURNALS CONTAINING RELEVANT PAPERS ORGANIZATIONS PRODUCING RELEVANT PAPERS COUNTRIES PRODUCING RELEVANT PAPERS MOST CITED AUTHORS MOST CITED PAPERS MOST CITED JOURNALS

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES : 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - PROCESS START WITH RETRIEVED RECORDS COMPUTE OCCURRENCE FREQUENCIES GENERATE LISTS GENERATE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS COMPARE WITH OTHER STUDIES

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - EXAMPLES MOST CITED AUTHORS - AIRCRAFT (CITED BY OTHER PAPERS IN DATABASE) ERICSSON-LE,117 JOHNSON-W,97 MIELE-A,96 DOYLE-JC,82 TISCHLER-MB,80 SRINIVASAN-GR,78 PETERS-DA,75 HODGES-DH,70 HESS-RA,60 FRIEDMANN-PP,55 CHATTOPADHYAY-A,55 NEWMAN-JC,54 FARASSAT-F,53 JAMESON-A,50 MENON-PKA,50

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - EXAMPLES MOST CITED AUTHORS - FULLERENES KROTO HW,4328 KRATSCHMER W,3472 IIJIMA S,1787 TAYLOR R,1721 HADDON RC,1711 HEBARD AF,1563 DIEDERICH F,1476 FOWLER PW,1469 BETHUNE DS,1466 HIRSCH A,1264 EBBESEN TW,1145 ALLEMAND PM,1103 HEINEY PA,1064 HAUFLER RE,1021

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - EXAMPLES MOST CITED PAPERS - AIRCRAFT 'JOHNSON-W,1980,HELICOPTER-THEORY',28 'SNELL-SA,1992,J-GUID-CONTROL-DYNAM,V15',25 'DOYLE-JC,1989,IEEE-T-AUTOMAT-CONTR,V34',23 'LANE-SH,1988,AUTOMATICA,V24',22 'ISIDORI-A,1989,NONLINEAR-CONTROL-SY',20 'MCRUER-D,1973,AIRCRAFT-DYNAMICS-AU',19 'KWAKERNAAK-H,1972,LINEAR-OPTIMAL-CONTR',18 'DOYLE-JC,1981,IEEE-T-AUTOMAT-CONTR,V26',18 'MACIEJOWSKI-JM,1989,MULTIVARIABLE-FEEDBA',17 'MEYER-G,1984,AUTOMATICA,V20',17 'GOLDBERG-DE,1989,GENETIC-ALGORITHMS-S',17 'BRYSON-AE,1975,APPLIED-OPTIMAL-CONT',17 'MENON-PKA,1987,J-GUID-CONTROL-DYNAM,V10',16 'MCLEAN-D,1990,AUTOMATIC-FLIGHT-CON',16 'NARENDRA-KS,1990,IEEE-T-NEURAL-NETWOR,V1',16 'VANDERPLAATS-GN,1984,NUMERICAL-OPTIMIZATI',15

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - EXAMPLES MOST CITED PAPERS - FULLERENES KRATSCHMER W 1990 NATURE V347,2773 KROTO HW 1985 NATURE V318,2319 HEBARD AF 1991 NATURE V350,1177 IIJIMA S 1991 NATURE V354,816 HEINEY PA 1991 PHYS REV LETT V66,742 HAUFLER RE 1990 J PHYS CHEM US V94,720 ALLEMAND PM 1991 J AM CHEM SOC V113,683 AJIE H 1990 J PHYS CHEM US V94,659 HADDON RC 1991 NATURE V350,602 KRATSCHMER W 1990 CHEM PHYS LETT V170,556 SAITO S 1991 PHYS REV LETT V66,527 KROTO HW 1991 CHEM REV V91,507 FLEMING RM 1991 NATURE V352,504

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES BIBLIOMETRICS - BENEFITS CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IDENTIFIED SELECTION OF CREDIBLE EXPERTS FOR WORKSHOPS/ REVIEW PANELS IDENTIFICATION OF PRODUCTIVE PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS FOR SITE VISITS PRODUCTIVITY AND IMPACT TRACKING INTELLECTUAL HERITAGE IDENTIFICATION

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PRODUCT PERVASIVE TECHNICAL THEMES RELATIONS AMONG THEMES RELATIONS AMONG TECHNICAL THEMES AND INFRASTRUCTURE TAXONOMIES GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PROCESS PERVASIVE TECHNICAL THEMES PHRASE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS SELECT HIGH TECHNICAL CONTENT PHRASES SELECT HIGH FREQUENCY PHRASES

Slide26: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES PERVASIVE TECHNICAL THEMES AIRCRAFT S&T One Word Two Word Three Word 1178 AIRCRAFT 554 CONTROL 253 PERFORMANCE 219 HELICOPTER 198 ROTOR 178 COMPOSITE 176 STRUCTURES 154 ENGINE 149 MATERIALS 149 RESPONSE 146 TEST 143 SIMULATION 142 DAMAGE 140 STRUCTURAL 137 TECHNOLOGY 133 DYNAMICS 127 NOISE 123 DYNAMIC 123 NONLINEAR 119 AERODYNAMIC 71 FLIGHT CONTROL 65 FINITE ELEMENT 60 CONTROL SYSTEM 40 GAS TURBINE 38 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES 38 CONTROL SYSTEMS 38 HELICOPTER ROTOR 37 NEURAL NETWORK 35 HANDLING QUALITIES 30 EXPERIMENTAL DATA 29 CRACK GROWTH 29 TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT 27 BOUNDARY LAYER 27 NEURAL NETWORKS 26 FLIGHT TEST 25 AIRCRAFT ENGINES 25 AIRCRAFT GAS 25 FATIGUE DAMAGE 25 FIGHTER AIRCRAFT 25 FRACTURE MECHANICS 29 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM 19 AIRCRAFT GAS TURBINE 15 THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS 14 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS 14 FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 13 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS 13 QUANTITATIVE FEEDBACK THEORY 12 ANGLE OF ATTACK 12 ELEMENT ALTERNATING METHOD 12 FINITE ELEMENT ALTERNATING 12 HOVER AND FORWARD 11 EQUATIONS OF MOTION 11 FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH 11 GAS TURBINE ENGINES 10 ELASTIC-PLASTIC FINITE ELEMENT 10 FLIGHT TEST DATA 10 GAS TURBINE ENGINE 10 MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING 10 MULTIPLE SITE DAMAGE 10 WIDESPREAD FATIGUE DAMAGE

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PROCESS RELATIONS AMONG THEMES SELECT PHRASES OF PARTICULAR INTEREST (THEMES) FROM PHRASE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, BASED ON STUDY OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY PHRASES LOCATED PHYSICALLY CLOSE TO THE THEME PHRASES THROUGHOUT THE TEXT USE NUMERICAL INDICATORS TO FILTER OUT THOSE PHRASES MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THEME PHRASE PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION OF TEXT PHRASES TO THEME PHRASE

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (NEAR-EARTH SPACE STUDY) RELATION AMONG THEMES (REMOTE SENSING) APPLICATIONS (DETECTION OF OIL SLICKS, MONITORING FREEZE-THAW CYCLES, VEGETATION MAPPING) REGIONS (COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS, TROLLFJORD-KOMAGLEV FAULT ZONE, VARANGER PENINSULA, AURORAL ZONES, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS) FEATURES (SURFACE MINING, WHEAT ACREAGE, DARK DENSE VEGETATION, SNOW HYDROLOGY, COAL MINING, CORAL REEF, UNSTRESSED CANOPY, BLACK SPRUCE PICEA MARIANA)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PROCESS RELATIONS AMONG TECHNICAL THEMES AND INFRASTRUCTURE SELECT PHRASES OF PARTICULAR INTEREST (THEMES) FROM PHRASE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS, BASED ON STUDY OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY INFRASTRUCTURE TERMS LOCATED PHYSICALLY CLOSE TO THE THEME PHRASES THROUGHOUT THE DATABASE OF NON-ABSTRACT FIELDS USE NUMERICAL INDICATORS TO FILTER OUT THOSE INFRASTRUCTURE TERMS MOST CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THEME PHRASE PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF STRENGTH OF ASSOCIATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE TERMS TO THEME PHRASE

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (NEAR-EARTH SPACE STUDY) RELATION AMONG TECHNICAL THEMES AND INFRASTRUCTURE (REMOTE SENSING) AUTHORS (CRACKNELL-AP, VARTSOS-CA, KONDRATEV-KY, GUSHIN-GA, ZAKHAROV-MY, LUPYAN-EA) JOURNALS (PHOTOGRAMMATIC ENGINEERING, JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY, IGARRSS, IEEE TRANSACTIONS [ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING]) INSTITUTIONS (UNIV-DUNDEE, INST MARINE HYDROPHYS SEVASTAPOL UKRAINE, UNIV DELAWARE, BOSTON UNIV, UNIV OF HAMBURG)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PROCESS TAXONOMIES TOP-DOWN VISUAL INSPECTION OF THEMES -BOTTOM-UP SELECT MANY THEMES GROUP INTO CATEGORIES USING CLUSTERING

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (SPACE STUDY) TOP-DOWN SPACE TAXONOMY - SCI - PHRASE FREQUENCY BASED *SPACE PLATFORM (E.G., SATELLITE, SPACECRAFT) *SATELLITE FUNCTION (E.G., MAPPING, NAVIGATION) *SATELLITE TYPE (E.G., GEOSAT, LANDSAT) *MEASURING INSTRUMENT (E.G., RADIOMETER, MICROWAVE IMAGER) *REGION EXAMINED (E.G., SEA, BOUNDARY LAYER) *LOCATION EXAMINED (E.G., NORTH ATLANTIC, SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE) *VARIABLE MEASURED (E.G., TEMPERATURE, SOIL MOISTURE) *VARIABLE DERIVED (E.G., RADIATION BUDGET, GENERAL CIRCULATION) *ANALYTICAL TOOL (E.G., DATA PROCESSING, MATHEMATICAL MODELS) *PRODUCTS (E.G., TIME SERIES, SEA ICE MAPS) *SPACE ENVIRONMENT (E.G., SOLAR WIND, MAGNETIC FIELD)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (SPACE STUDY) TOP-DOWN SPACE TAXONOMY - EC - PHRASE FREQUENCY BASED SAME AS 1A, BUT ADD: *SATELLITE CONFIGURATION (GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES, TETHERED SATELLITE SYSTEM) *SATELLITE STATE (ATTITUDE DETERMINATION, HIGH ELEVATION ANGLE) *SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS (SOLAR CELLS, ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEM)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLESCOMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (HYPERSONIC/ SUPERSONIC STUDY) BOTTOM-UP HYPERSONICS/ SUPERSONICS TAXONOMY -SCI: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE (HYPERSONIC/ SUPERSONIC STUDY) BOTTOM-UP HYPERSONICS/ SUPERSONICS TAXONOMY -SCI

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - PROCESS GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS IDENTIFY SINGLE, ADJACENT DOUBLE, ADJACENT TRIPLE PHRASES OF INTEREST DEVELOP 'TOP-DOWN' OR 'BOTTOM-UP' TAXONOMIES IN WHICH TO GROUP PHRASES, DEPENDING ON STUDY OBJECTIVES 'BIN' PHRASES AND ASSOCIATED FREQUENCIES INTO TAXONOMY CATEGORIES SUM FREQUENCIES OF PHRASES IN EACH CATEGORY PROVIDES ESTIMATES OF LEVELS OF EMPHASIS ON GLOBAL BASIS NEEDS COMPARISON WITH REQUIREMENTS/ OPPORTUNITIES FOR CONTEXT

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLESCOMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE - GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE - GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS SCI Structures: Strength, Design/analysis, crack initiation & growth, loads & dynamics, fatigue. Aeromechanics: Aerodynamics; Design/Analysis; Performance(A/C); Drag Reduction; Wing Design; Unsteady Flow; High Lift; Wind Tunnel Subsystems: Control Systems; Neural Nets; Environmental Control Systems; Landing Gear; Subsystems (Gen.); Actuators Flight Dynamics: Stability & Control; Helicopter Rotors; Handling Qualities Systems Engineering: Fighter/Attack; Cockpit Noise; Patrol/Transport; Conceptual Design; Air Traffic Control; Airport Noise Propulsion & Power: Gas Turbine Engine; Fuels/Lubricants; Electrical Generation; Coatings; Blades/Disks; Propeller/Propfan; Electrical Power (General); Contrails Avionics: Navigation & Guidance; Decision Aids(Processing); Avionics (Gen); S/W Development; GPS; Neural Nets; Air Data; Software/Hardware(S/W) EC Aeromechanics: Aerodynamics, Design/analysis, Performance(A/C), Wing Design, wind tunnel, drag reduction. Structures: Design/Analysis; Loads & Dynamics; Structures(Gen.); Crack Initiation & Growth; Strength; Structural Life; Aeroelastic Effects Subsystems: Control Systems; Environmental Control Systems; Neural Nets; Landing gear; Subsystems(Gen.); Fuzzy Logic; Actuators Systems Engineering: Conceptual Design; Fighter/Attack; Patrol/Transport; Air Traffic Control; Rotorcraft; UAV/UCAV; V/STOL Avionics: GPS; navigation & Guidance; Avionics(Gen.); Communication Systems; Artificial Intelligence; INS; Software/Hardware(S/W); Decision Aids(Processing); Information Management Flight Dynamics: Stability & Control; Helicopter Rotors; Handling Qualities Propulsion & Power: Gas Turbine Engine; Engines(Gen.); Electrical Power(General); Fuels/Lubricants; Electrical Generation; Blades/Disks

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLESCOMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE - GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - EXAMPLE - GLOBAL LEVELS OF EMPHASIS SCI Materials: Composites; Metals/Alloys; NDI/NDT; Corrosion; Adhesives; Ceramics Support/Logistics: Maintenance; Take-off & Landing; Safety (Maintenance); Platform Interface; Deicing Manufacturing: Joints; Processes; Structural(Mfg); Concurrent Engineering; Composites(Mfg.) Training: Local Simulation; Manned Flight Simulation; Types(Instruction) Costing: Life Cycle Costs; Affordability of New Systems Crew Systems: Human/Machine Interface; Decision Aids; Loss of Consciousness EC Materials: Composites; Metals/Alloys; NDI/NDT; Materials(Gen); Corrosion; Smart Materials Support/Logistics: Maintenance; Reliability; Take-off & Landing; Support/Logistics(Gen.); Runaways/Airfields Crew Systems: Displays; Decision Aids’ Human/Machine Interface; Data/Information Fusion; Crew Worrkload; Cockpit Manufacturing: Processes; Composites(Mfg.); Concurrent Engineering; Joints Costing: Life Cycle Costs: Affordability of New Systems Training: Simulation(Gen.); Manned Flight Simulation; Instruction(Gen.); Distributed Simulation

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - BENEFITS PHRASE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ALLOWS LEVELS OF EMPHASIS/ EFFORT IN SPECIFIC SUBCATEGORIES TO BE ESTIMATED THROUGH 'BINNING’ ALLOWS JUDGEMENTS OF ADEQUACY AND DEFICIENCY IN SELECTED S&T AREAS TO BE MADE ON GLOBAL BASIS NEEDS COMPARISONS TO REQUIREMENTS/ OPPORTUNITIES FOR JUDGEMENT CONTEXT PROVIDES COMPREHENSIVE PICTURE OF MAJOR THRUST AREAS

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES NO RELATIONAL INFORMATION; NOT USEFUL FOR ESTIMATING LINKAGE BETWEEN S&T AREAS USEFUL TO APPLY TO MULTIPLE DATABASE FIELDS TO GAIN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES; FIELDS USED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES KEYWORDS ABSTRACTS TITLES AIRCRAFT EXAMPLE LONGEVITY AND MAINTENANCE IN KEYWORDS NO PERFORMANCE IN KEYWORDS NO TESTING IN KEYWORDS OTHER AREAS SIMILAR (MATERIALS/ CONTROLS, ETC)

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS - BENEFITS PHRASE PROXIMITY ANALYSIS ACCESS COMPLEMENTARY LITERATURES WITH RELATED THEMES HIGH POTENTIAL FOR INNOVATION AND DISCOVERY FROM OTHER DISCIPLINES ALLOWS INFRASTRUCTURE (AUTHORS/ JOURNALS/ ORGANIZATIONS) RELATED TO SPECIFIC TECHNICAL AREAS TO BE IDENTIFIED ALLOWS CLOSELY RELATED THEMES TO BE IDENTIFIED POTENTIAL FOR IDENTIFYING "NEEDLE-IN-A-HAYSTACK"

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES: 

CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES ALLOWS TAXONOMIES WITH RELATIVELY INDEPENDENT CATEGORIES TO BE GENERATED USING A 'BOTTOM-UP' APPROACH STARTS WITH MANY HIGH FREQUENCY THEMES GROUPS RELATED THEMES INTO CATEGORIES USING PROXIMITY ANALYSIS SEE JASIS PAPER (15 APRIL 1999) FOR DETAILED EXAMPLE OF TAXONOMY GENERATION PRESENTLY DEVELOPING MORE AUTOMATED CLUSTERING APPROACH USING CO-OCCURRENCE MATRICES USEFUL FOR ESTIMATING LEVELS OF EMPHASIS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH THE THEME

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

CROSSOVER SCIENCE: 

CROSSOVER SCIENCE CONCEPT LINK MULTIPLE DISJOINT LITERATURES THROUGH INTERMEDIATE LITERATURES A--->B; B--->C; A===>C DISCOVERY FROM REMOTE LITERATURES COULD NOT HAVE BEEN OBTAINED FROM PRIME LITERATURE

CROSSOVER SCIENCE: 

CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND SWANSON PUBLISHED APPLICATIONS IN MID-1980S (DESCRIBE) FOCUSED ON MEDICAL LITERATURE AND MEDLINE DATA BASE OUR GROUP PUBLISHED CONCEPT PAPER IN 1999, IN TECHNOVATION PROPOSED DEMONSTRATION ON BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENT PREDICTION

CROSSOVER SCIENCE: 

CROSSOVER SCIENCE PROPOSAL (DISCOVERY FROM LITERATURE COMPONENT) DEFINE TARGET LITERATURE THAT DESCRIBES WHAT WE KNOW USING COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, IDENTIFY CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF THAT LITERATURE GENERATE LITERATURES CENTERED AROUND THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES (E.G., VIRULENCE, TRANSMISSIBILITY) FORCE EACH LITERATURES TO BE DISJOINT FROM TARGET LITERATURE BY ELIMINATING INTERSECTION USING COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, IDENTIFY CANDIDATE VIRUSES IN EACH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE LITERATURE REMOVE ALL COMMON PHRASES BETWEEN TARGET LITERATURE AND EACH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE LITERATURE COMBINE LISTS OF CANDIDATE VIRUSES FROM EACH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE LITERATURE INTO ONE CANDIDATE VIRUS LIST ASSIGN SCORES TO CANDIDATE VIRUSES, BASED ON NUMBER OF TIMES THEY APPEAR IN LIST, VALUE OF NUMERICAL INDICATORS FROM COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS, AND PRIORITY WEIGHTING ASSIGNED TO IMPORTANCE OF EACH CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE. RECOMMEND HIGHEST RANKED VIRUSES.

CROSSOVER SCIENCE: 

CROSSOVER SCIENCE DIFFERENCES WITH SWANSON APPROACH 1) HE FOCUSES ON TITLES; WE FOCUS ON ABSTRACTS, BUT COULD JUST AS EASILY USE FULL TEXT IF AVAILABLE 2) HE FOCUSES ON MEDLINE; WE CAN USE OTHER DATABASES, MOST NOTABLY SCI, IF WARRANTED BY THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES IDENTIFIED FROM THE COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS OF THE TARGET LITERATURE 3) HE USES MESH IDENTIFIERS; WE USE DIRECT TEXT PHRASES 4) HE USES QUERY TERMS AB INITIO; WE USE AN ITERATIVE LITERATURE BASED QUERY DEVELOPMENT 5) HE DEFINES THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES AB INITIO; WE USE COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS ON EXPERT-GENERATED RELEVANT LITERATURE TO DEFINE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES 6) THERE IS ALSO A DIFFERENCE IN HOW WE EMPLOY COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS 7) HE HAS PUBLISHED RESULTS OF HIS DISCOVERY TECHNIQUE IN THE LITERATURE, WHILE WE HAVE PUBLISHED ONLY RESULTS OF OUR STANDARD TEXT MINING TECHNIQUE.

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

DEFICIENCIES: 

DEFICIENCIES MOTIVATION PERSONNEL INFORMATION EXTRACTION DATABASE AVAILABILITY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION

DEFICIENCIESMOTIVATION: 

DEFICIENCIES MOTIVATION LACK OF MOTIVATION TO DEVELOP/ DEMONSTRATE/ USE S&T TEXT MINING LACK OF DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT LACK OF INDIVIDUAL USER SUPPORT LACK OF MANAGEMENT USE

DEFICIENCIESPERSONNEL: 

DEFICIENCIES PERSONNEL FEW PEOPLE INVOLVED IN DEVELOPING TM REQUIRES TEAM OF DISCIPLINE TECHNICAL EXPERTS EXTRA-DISCIPLINE TECHNICAL EXPERTS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGISTS LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY ONE GROUP PUBLISHING PERHAPS THREE GROUPS INVOLVED

DEFICIENCIESINFORMATION EXTRACTION: 

DEFICIENCIES INFORMATION EXTRACTION SEMI-AUTOMATED PHRASE EXTRACTION ALGORITHMS INCOMPLETE EXTENSIVE MANUAL CLEANUP REQUIRED POOR PHRASE GENERATION LEADS TO: LOST QUERY TERMS FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LOST CONCEPTS FOR LITERATURE-BASED DISCOVERY INCOMPLETE TAXONOMIES FOR DISCIPLINE CLASSIFICATION INCORRECT CONCEPT CLUSTERING

DEFICIENCIESCLUSTERING: 

DEFICIENCIES CLUSTERING LITERATURE FOCUS ON DOCUMENT CLUSTERING CONCEPT CLUSTERING CAN PROVIDE INSIGHTS CLUSTERING QUALITY DEPENDS ON: AGGLOMORATION TECHNIQUES ASSOCIATION METRICS QUALITY OF PHRASES COMPLETENESS OF PHRASES THRESHOLD CRITERIA NUMBER OF PHRASES SUBSTANTIAL TIME AND EFFORT REQUIRED CLEANUP/ INTERPRETATION

DEFICIENCIESDATABASE: 

DEFICIENCIES DATABASE SMALL FRACTION OF S&T PERFORMED AVAILABLE TO TEXT ANALYST SMALL FRACTION OF S&T DOCUMENTED SMALL FRACTION OF DOCUMENTATION INCLUDED IN DATABASES MODEST FRACTION OF DATABASES ACCESSIBLE RELATIVELY HIGH COST NOT WELL ADVERTISED NON-STANDARD INTERFACES SEARCH ENGINES UNFRIENDLY POOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL TECHNIQUES USED

DEFICIENCIESSTRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION: 

DEFICIENCIES STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INTEGRATION TEXT MINING CONDUCTED IN ISOLATION FROM STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT IDEALLY OBJECTIVES -> METRICS -> DATA PRESENTLY DATA -> METRICS -> OBJECTIVES PART OF LARGER PROBLEM WITH ALL MANAGEMENT DECISION AIDS

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

NEXT STEPS: 

NEXT STEPS TECHNOLOGY UPGRADES AUTOMATE MARGINAL UTILITY GENERATE OPTIMAL QUERIES ADD CLUSTERING SHORTEN QUERY DEVELOPMENT IMPROVE TAXONOMY DEVELOPMENT IDENTIFY THEME LINKAGES FOR DISCOVERY ADD FUZZY LOGIC IMPROVED BIBLIOMETRICS ADD CO-OCCURRENCE ELIMINATE EXTRA PLATFORM IMPROVE THEME LINKAGES

NEXT STEPS: 

NEXT STEPS TEXT MINING STUDIES USING UPGRADED TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL BIBLIOMETRICS PHRASE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS PHRASE PROXIMITY ANALYSIS

NEXT STEPS: 

NEXT STEPS CROSSOVER SCIENCE USE UPGRADED TECHNOLOGY USE NEW CONCEPTS/ CLUSTERING BIOWARFARE AGENT PREDICTION (PROPOSAL-HAVE TEAM) CITATION MINING IDENTIFY DOCUMENTED USERS IDENTIFY IMPACTS OF RESEARCH

OUTLINE: 

OUTLINE DEFINITIONS/ GOALS CAPABILITIES/ EXAMPLES CROSSOVER SCIENCE BACKGROUND CONCEPT PROPOSAL DEFICIENCIES NEXT STEPS SUMMARY

SUMMARY: 

SUMMARY GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY WATCH CRITICAL TEXT MINING CAN IDENTIFY RELEVANT LITERATURE/ EXTRACT INFORMATION NEED TO OVERCOME BARRIERS IN: LACK OF MOTIVATION LACK OF PERSONNEL INFORMATION EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES DATABASE AVAILABILITY INTEGRATION WITH STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OUR GROUP’S FOCUS UPGRADE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY APPLY TO OUR STANDARD TEXT MINING EXPAND CROSSOVER SCIENCE DEMONSTRATE CITATION MINING

TRACK RECORD: 

TRACK RECORD DEVELOPED FULL TEXT CO-WORD TEXT MINING FOR S&T EVALUATION PREVIOUS EFFORTS USED KEY WORDS ONLY PUBLICATIONS 16 PAPERS IN PEER REVIEWED JOURNALS 9 PAPERS IN PEER REVIEWED CONF. PROCEED. 1 BOOK CHAPTER 2 PAPERS ON WEB SITES 4 PAPERS SUBMITTED TO JOURNALS 10 PAPERS TO BE SUBMITTED TO JOURNALS JOURNALS JASIS, IPM, JIS (INF TECH) CHEMICAL REVIEWS, JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (NON-INF TECH)

TRACK RECORD: 

TRACK RECORD TOAS/ IFO PATENTED SOFTWARE LENT TO TOAS DEVELOPMENT GROUP IN MID-1990S ONR TEXT MINING PAPERS CITED 14 TIMES BY TOAS DEVELOPERS IN PUBLISHED LITERATURE CORRESPONDENCES STIMULATED IFO ENTRY INTO TEXT MINING ONR/ IFO PILOT PROGRAM PROPOSAL IN DECEMBER 1997 STIMULATED ONR ENTRY INTO TEXT MINING ACCELERATED IFO PROGRESS IN TM