SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Workshop “Quantifier Modification” at ESSLLI 2007
August 13th-17th 2007, Dublin
MODIFIER QUANTIFICATION
Determiner Quantifiers (Barwise and Cooper 1981):
ex.: a, the, all, both, each, no, most, three, ….
type: <,<,t>>
Modifier Quantifiers:
ex.: FQs, numerals, binominal each, adverbs of
quantification, conditionals, indeterminates
type: <,> ; <,>
Mana Kobuchi-Philip
Utrecht University
mana.kobuchi@let.uu.nl
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Indeterminate Quantifier Construction with Mo
► dono gakusei - no okaasan - mo odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Previous Analyses
e.g. Nishigauchi 1986,1990, Ohno 1989, Watanabe 1992,
von Stechow 1996, Hagstrom 1998
► [ dono gakusei - no okaasan ] - mo odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
Embedded Restrictor View of Mo:
x [ student(x) dance ( y [ mother(x)(y) ] ) ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
New Analysis
Shimoyama 2001 (UMass diss), 2006 (NLS)
► [[ dono gakusei - no okaasan ]NP - mo] odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
Hamblin (1973)
Direct Restrictor View of Mo:
x [ x { y[ mother(z)(y) ]: student(z) } dance (x) ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Cross-Categoriality
► shootaijoo - ga [[ doko - kara ]PP - mo] kita.
invitation card NOM where from MO arrived
‘An invitation card arrived from everywhere.’
► Taro-wa [[ dare - ga denwashi-te ]IP - mo] deru.
Taro TOP who NOM call TE MO answer
‘No matter who calls, Taro answers.’ 5
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Semantics of Mo and Mo-Phrase
Mo: <<τ,t>,<τ,t>,t>>
PQx[P(x)Q(x)], where xDτ , and P, Q D<τ,t> .
ex. <,<,t>> (determiner)
Mo-Phrase: <<τ,t>,t>
Qx[P(x)Q(x)]
ex. <,t> (Generalized Quantifier) 6
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
So....
► [[ dono gakusei - no okaasan ]NP - mo]GQ [odotta]VP.
which student GEN mother MO danced
+ <,<,t>>
<,t> +
t
7
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Problem 1
► [[ dono hito ]NP - mo] odotta.
which person MO danced
________________ _____
<,t> +
t
‘Every person danced.’ 8
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga [[ dono hito ]NP - mo] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM which person MO danced
___________________ ________________ _____
<,t> <,t> +
t
‘The mothers of students all danced.’ 9
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Problem 2
► [ dare - mo ] - ga odotta.
who MO NOM danced
_________ _____
<,t>
‘Everyone danced.’
10
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [ [ gakusei – no okaasan ] [ dare - mo ] ] - ga odotta.
student GEN mother who MO NOM danced
___________________ _________ _____
+ <,t>
t
‘Everybody who is the mother of a student danced.’
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Problem 3
► [ [ dono gakusei – no okaasan ] - mo ] odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
► [ [ dono gakusei – no okaasan ] - mo ] - ga odotta.
which student GEN mother MO NOM danced
______________________________ _____
<,t>
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
12
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [ [ XP ] – mo ] V.
► [ [ XP ] – mo ] - ga V.
________________ ____
<,t>
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [ [ doitsu ] – mo ] hashire !
which-guy MO run
‘All run!’
► ?? [ [ doitsu ] – mo ] - ga hashire !
which-guy MO NOM run
‘All run!’
imperative sentence…no subject
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [ [ [ dare ] - mo ] odora-nai ] - to komaru.
who MO dance NEG then troubled
‘If there is no one who dances, I’m in trouble.’
No dancing mother trouble Neg > MoP
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► [ [ [ dare ] - mo ] - ga odora-nai ] -to komaru.
who MO NOM dance NEG then troubled
‘If every one is such that he does not dance, I’m in trouble.’
One non-dancing mother trouble MoP-ga > Neg
MoP-ga > Neg > MoP 16
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
An Alternative Analysis:
Semantics of Mo and Mo-Phrase
Mo: <,<,>>
RPx [ x (RP) ], where xDe , and P, Q D .
Mo-Phrase: <,> = Modifier
Px [ x (RP) ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Comparison to Adverbs
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga [[ dono hito ]NP - mo] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM which person MO danced
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga [tashikani] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM certainly danced
Adverb
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
VP-Cleft Data
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga shita-no-wa
student GEN mother NOM did that TOP
[[ dono hito ]NP - mo] odorukoto-datta.
which person MO dancing COPULAPAST
’What the mothers of students did was to all dance.’
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga shita-no-wa
student GEN mother NOM did that TOP
[ tashikani ] odorukoto-datta.
certainly dancing COPULAPAST
‘What the mothers of students did was to certainly dance.’
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Composition
► [gakusei – no okaasan] - ga [[ dono hito ]NP - mo] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM which person MO danced
___________________ ________________ _____
<,t> <,> +
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Null Determiner Hypothesis (Kobuchi-Philip 2003,2006)
► [ gakusei ]NP - ga odotta.
student NOM danced
Indefinite reading
A student danced. / Some students danced.
Definite reading
The student danced. / The students danced.
[ (Det) NP ] VP (Det = a or the)
<,<,t> +
<,t> 21
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Composition
► [ [ [ gakusei – no okaasan ] [ dare - mo ] ] ] - ga odotta.
the student GEN mother who MO NOM danced
__________________ _________
+ <,>
<,<,t>> +
<,t>
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Architecture
?? MoP-ga V ! vs. MoP V !
( MoP-ga )
MoP V !
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
MoP-ga > Neg > MoP
MoP-ga
Neg
MoP VP
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Data
1. [ gakusei – no okaasan ] - ga [ [ dono hito ]NP – mo ] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM which person MO danced
‘The mother of a students all danced.’
DP-ga Mo-P VP
2. dono gakusei - no okaasan - mo odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
Mo-P VP 25
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
3. [ [ gakusei – no okaasan ] [ dare - mo ] ] - ga odotta.
student GEN mother who MO NOM danced
‘Everyone who is the mother of a student danced.’
[ NP MoP ] –ga VP
4. [ [ dono gakusei – no okaasan ] - mo ] - ga odotta.
which student GEN mother MO NOM danced
‘Every mother of a student danced.’
[ MoP ] –ga VP 26
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Summary
DP-ga [ Mo-P VP ]
[ Mo-P VP ]
[ NP MoP ] –ga VP
[ MoP ] –ga VP
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Formal Analysis
1. [ gakusei – no okaasan ] - ga [ [ dono hito ]NP – mo ] odotta.
student GEN mother NOM which person MO danced
[ gakusei-no okaasan ] [ dono hito - mo odotta]
[ Det ] [ gakusei-no okaasan ] [ dono hito-mo ] [ odotta ]
[ dono hito ] [ mo ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Kratzer 1989, Chierchia 1998, Landman 2005, Kobuchi-Philip 2006
dono hito ‘which person’: x [ PERSONAT (x) ]
mo: RPx [ x (RP)|x|≥2 ]
odotta ‘danced’: x [ DANCED (x) ]
gakusei-no okaasan : x [ MOTHER (x) ]
‘student’s mother’
the: XY [ Y(X) ]
MOTHER ( PERSONAT DANCED ) | MOTHER |≥2
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
2. dono gakusei - no okaasan - mo odotta.
which student GEN mother MO danced
[ DP ] [ dono gakusei-no okaasan-mo odotta ]
[ Det ] [ NP ] [ dono gakusei-no okaasan –mo] [odotta]
[ dono gakusei-no okaasan ] [ mo ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
► dono gakusei - no peepaa-mo A datta.
which student GEN paper MO A was
gakusei-no peepaa-ga dore -mo A datta.
student GEN paper NOM which MO A was
‘All the papers by a student got an A.
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
dono gakusei-no okaasan
‘which student’s mother’: x [ MOTHERAT (x) ]
mo: RPx [ x (RP) |x|≥2 ]
odotta ‘danced’: x [ DANCED (x) ]
gakusei-no okaasan x [ MOTHER (x) ]
‘student’s mother’:
the: XY [ Y(X) ]
MOTHER ( MOTHERAT DANCED ) | MOTHER |≥2
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
3. [ [ gakusei – no okaasan ] [ dare - mo ] ] - ga odotta.
student GEN mother who MO NOM danced
gakusei-no okaasan dare-mo odotta
Det [ gakusei-no okaasan dare-mo ]
[ gakusei-no okaasan ] [ dare-mo ]
[ dare ] [ mo ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
gakusei-no okaasan
‘student’s mother’: x [ MOTHER (x) ]
dare ‘who’: x [ PERSONAT (x) ]
mo: RPx [ x (RP) |x|≥2 ]
odotta ‘danced’: x [ DANCED (x) ]
the: XY [ Y(X) ]
DANCED ( x [ x ( PERSONAT MOTHER ) | x |≥2 ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
4. [ [ dono gakusei – no okaasan ] - mo ] - ga odotta.
which student GEN mother MO NOM danced
[ dono gakusei-no okaasan-mo ] [ odotta ]
[ Det ] [ dono gakusei-no okaasan-mo ]
[ NP ] [dono gakusei-no okaasan - mo]
[ dono gakusei-no okaasan ] [ mo ] 35
SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
dono gakusei-no okaasan ‘which student’s mother’: x [ MOTHERAT (x) ] mo: RPx [ x (RP)|x|≥2 ]
odotta ‘danced’: x [ DANCED (x) ]
gakusei-no okaasan ‘student’s mother’: x [ MOTHER (x) ]
the: XY [ Y(X) ]
DANCED ( x [ x ( MOTHERAT MOTHER ) | x |≥2 ]
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Remaining Puzzles
PP
► shootaijoo - ga [[ doko - kara ]PP - mo] kita.
invitation card NOM where from MO arrived
‘An invitation card arrived from everywhere.’
“from everywhere” : PP = <,>
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
IP
► Taro-wa [[ dare - ga denwashi-te ]IP - mo] deru.
Taro TOP who NOM call TE MO answer
‘No matter who calls, Taro answers.’
= “In every situation someone calls, Taro answers.”
<,> modifier w.r.t. proposition
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Indeterminate Quantifier Phrase with Ka
► [ dare - ka ] kita.
who KA arrived
‘Someone arrived.’
► [ gakusei ] - ga dare - ka kita.
student NOM who KA arrived
‘Some student arrived.’
► [ dare - ka ] - ga kita.
who KA NOM arrived
‘Someone arrived.’
► [ [ dare - ka ] [ yuumeina hito ] ] - ga kita.
who KA famous person NOM arrived
‘Someone famous arrived.’
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Other modifier quantifiers:
FQs, numerals, binominal each, adverbs of
quantification, conditionals, indeterminates
The students all / both / each left.
gakusei-ga zen-in kaetta.
gakusei-ga san-nin kaetta.
Three students left.
The boys bought two books each.
If John appears, (always) Mary quietly leaves.
John always / sometimes feed the chickens.
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SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE : SuB11, Sep 21st-23rd 2006, Barcelona SEMANTICS OF THE CARDINAL PARTITIVE
Quantifier modification
Very many people attended the rally.
More or less fifty books have been donated today.
John knew just a few people at the party.
Not/almost/nearly all the students had read the article.
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