Stineslides

Committee: 

Committee Norman Augustine (chair) Craig Barrett Gail Cassell Steven Chu Robert Gates Nancy Grasmick Charles Holliday Shirley Ann Jackson Anita Jones Joshua Lederberg Richard Levin Dan Mote Cherry Murray Peter O’Donnell Lee Raymond Robert Richardson Roy Vagelos Charles Vest George Whitesides Richard Zare NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Charge to the Committee: 

Charge to the Committee Senators Alexander and Bingaman with endorsement of House Science committee requested National Academies to: Identify top actions federal policy makers could take so US can successfully compete, prosper, and be secure in the 21st Century Determine an implementation strategy with several concrete steps NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Some Context: 

Some Context Growing national concern about economy Globalization Out-sourcing & off-shoring Rise of other nations Thomas Friedman: The World is Flat Over 1 year on NY Times best seller list Communicated the “message” NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Method: 

Method Review of literature, past reports, and suggestions led to 150 ideas Focus groups of experts discussed ideas and identified top 3-4 ideas in K-12 education, higher education, research, innovation and workforce, and homeland/national security Committee meeting and conference calls Additional expert consultations More than 40 anonymous reviewers 10 weeks from meeting to study release NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Some Competitiveness Indicators: 

Some Competitiveness Indicators The United States is today a net importer of high-technology products. Its trade balance in high-technology manufactured goods shifted from plus $54 billion in 1990 to negative $50 billion in 2001. Chemical companies closed 70 facilities in the United States in 2004 and tagged 40 more for shutdown. Of 120 chemical plants being built around the world with price tags of $1 billion or more, one is in the United States and 50 are in China. In 2005, only four American companies ranked among the top 10 corporate recipients of patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

More Competitiveness Indicators: 

More Competitiveness Indicators Fewer than one-third of US 4th grade and 8th grade students performed at or above a level called “proficient” in mathematics; “proficiency” was considered the ability to exhibit competence with challenging subject matter. Alarmingly, about one-third of the 4th graders and one-fifth of the 8th graders lacked the competence to perform even basic mathematical computations. US 15-year-olds ranked 24th out of 40 countries that participated in a 2003 administration of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) examination, which assessed students’ ability to apply mathematical concepts to real-world problems. In 1995 (the most recent data available), US 12th graders performed below the international average for 21 countries on a test of general knowledge in mathematics and science. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Yet More Competitiveness Indicators: 

Yet More Competitiveness Indicators In South Korea, 38% of all undergraduates receive their degrees in natural science or engineering. In France, the figure is 47%, in China, 50%, and in Singapore 67%. In the United States, the corresponding figure is 15%. Some 34% percent of doctoral degrees in natural sciences and 56% of engineering PhDs in the United States are awarded to foreign-born students. In the U.S. science and technology workforce in 2000, 38% of PhDs were foreign-born Federal funding of research in the physical sciences, as a percentage of GDP, was 45% less in FY 2004 than in FY 1976. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Findings: 

Findings Concern that the S&T building blocks critical to economic leadership are eroding when many other nations are gathering strength. “Death of Distance” means that skilled labor with strong drive to succeed is just a mouse-click away in growing economies and does not have to be in close proximity. Worldwide strengthening is good, but will the United States be able to compete when great minds and ideas exist throughout the world—at a lower cost—so greater return to investor. If do not have high-quality jobs, then do not have means for a high standard of living. Fear abruptness with which lead can be lost and challenging of recovering if lost. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Two Key Challenges: 

Two Key Challenges Creation of High-Quality Jobs for All Americans—not just scientists and engineers Respond to Nation’s Need for Clean, Affordable, and Reliable Energy NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Conclusion: 

Conclusion Actions needed not only by federal government, but state and local levels, and each American family Need to avoid complacency by assuming US will remain competitive and preeminent in science and technology World is changing and need to take action to renew nation’s commitment in education, research, and innovation policies so nation’s children have jobs NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

How to Compete? : 

How to Compete? Optimize knowledge-based resources, particularly in science and technology. Sustain most fertile environments for new and revitalized industries and the well-paying jobs they bring. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Four Recommendations: 

Four Recommendations 20 Implementation Actions NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Capital: 

Capital Sustain and strengthen the nation’s traditional commitment to long-term basic research that has the potential to be transformational to maintain the flow of new ideas that fuel the economy, provide security, and enhance the quality of life. Ensure that the United States is the premier place in the world to innovate; invest in downstream activities such as manufacturing and marketing; and create high-paying jobs for all Americans that are based on innovation by modernizing the patent system, realigning tax policies to encourage innovation, and ensuring affordable broadband access. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Labor: 

Labor Increase America’s talent pool by vastly improving K-12 science and mathematics education. Make the United States the most attractive setting in which to study and perform research so that we can develop, recruit, and retain the best and brightest students, scientists, and engineers from within the United States and throughout the world. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Energy: 

Energy Create in the Department of Energy an organization like the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency called the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E). NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Recommendations: 

Recommendations 10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds and K-12 Science and Mathematics Education Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering Research Best and Brightest in Science and Engineering Higher Education Incentives for Innovation NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Ten Thousand Teachers, Ten Million Minds: 

Ten Thousand Teachers, Ten Million Minds Recruit 10,000 teachers, Educate 10 million minds: Attract bright students through competitive 4-yr. merit-based scholarships for BS in sciences, engineering, or math with concurrent K-12 science & math teacher certification in exchange for 5 years public service teaching in K-12 public schools Strengthen 250,000 current teachers’ skills: Summer institutes, Master’s program, AP/IB (Advanced Placement/International Baccalaureate) training Enlarge the Pipeline: Create opportunities and financial incentives for pre-AP/IB and AP/IB science & math courses NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Sowing the Seeds: 

Sowing the Seeds Increase federal investment in long-term basic research--10%/year over next 7 years focusing on physical sciences, engineering, mathematics, information sciences and DOD basic research funding. Provide early-career researcher grants—200 grants at $100,000/year over 5 years to outstanding researchers. Institute National Coordination Office for Advanced Research Instrumentation and Facilities--$500 million/year over 5 years. Catalyze high-risk, high-payoff research—Technical program managers allocated 8% federal research agency budgets for discretionary spending. Institute Presidential Innovation Award—Recognize persons who develop unique scientific and engineering innovations in the national interest when they occur. Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy—Modeled on DARPA, this agency would focus on creative out-of-the-box transformational energy research that industry by itself cannot or will not support NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Best and Brightest : 

Best and Brightest Increase US citizens earning science, engineering, and math degrees: 25,000 new 4-year undergraduate scholarships per year 5,000 new portable graduate fellowships per year Encourage continuing education of current scientists and engineers: Federal tax credits to employers International students and scholars Less complex visa processing and extensions New PhDs in S&E: 1-year automatic extension and (if find job) automatic work permit and expedited residency status Skills-based, preferential immigration points system to prioritize US citizenship Reform "deemed exports" policy: Allow access to information and research equipment except those under national security regulations NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Incentives for Innovation: 

Incentives for Innovation Enhance IP protection for global economy, while allowing research Sufficient resources for Patent and Trademark Office Institute “first-inventor-to-file" system and administrative review after patent granted Shield research uses of patented inventions from infringement liability Change IP laws that impact industries differently Increase Research & Experimentation tax credit from 20 to 40% of qualifying increase Provide financial incentives so US is competitive for long-term innovation-related investment Affordable broadband access NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

White House: 

White House President's State of The Union and FY2007 Budget American Competitiveness Initiative AP/IB Research Funding for NSF, NIST, and DOE Office of Science R&D Tax Credit Advanced Energy Initiative Research Funding portion of ACI passed House and Senate Appropriations Some Education Program Funding approved by House Appropriations (AP/IB, teacher training) Administration actions on Deemed Exports; International Students NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Appropriations(As of Oct 2006): 

Appropriations (As of Oct 2006)

Senate: 

Senate Protecting America’s Competitive Edge (Senators Domenici, Alexander, Bingaman, Mikulski): PACE-Energy (S.2197); PACE-Education (S.2198); PACE-Finance (S.2199) 70 cosponsors (35 Democrats/35 Republicans) National Innovation Act (S.2109) (Ensign/Liberman; Based on Council on Competitiveness Innovate America report) Advanced Research Projects Energy (ARPA-E) Act (S.2196) Right "TRACK" Act (S.2357) Energy Competitiveness Act (S.2398) Research Competitiveness Act (S.2720) (Baucus) American Innovation and Competitiveness Act of 2006 (S.2802 –chairman’s markup of S. 2109; S. 2390) National Competitiveness Investment Act (S. 3936) (Senators Frist, Reid, Domenici, Bingaman, Stevens, Inouye, Enzi Kenned, Ensign, Liberman, Alexander, Mikulski, Hutchinson) --Merger of PACE and National Innovation Act/American Innovation and Competitiveness Act --39 cosponsors (20 Republicans/19 Democrats) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

House: 

House 10,000 Teachers, 10 Million Minds Science and Math Scholarship Act ( H.R. 4434) Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) Act (H.R. 4435) Sowing the Seeds Through Science and Engineering Research Act. (H.R. 4596) Innovation and Competitiveness Act (H.R. 4845) Accelerating the Creation of Teachers of Influence for Our Nation Act (H.R. 5141) National Science Foundation Scholars Program Act. (H.R. 5152) Science and Mathematics Education for Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5358) Research for Competitiveness Act (H.R. 5356) NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Convocation on Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing Regions, States, and Cities for a Brighter Economic Future: 

Convocation on Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing Regions, States, and Cities for a Brighter Economic Future Convene leadership of industry, government, research, and education community from all 50 states and the federal government. Share knowledge and encourage leadership of initiatives at the state and local level to strengthen US competitiveness. Discuss current national proposals to respond to the nation’s competitiveness challenge and their implications for states, localities, and regions. September 28th in Washington, DC NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Immediate Convocation Impact: 

Immediate Convocation Impact Representatives from all 50 states. Almost 850 participants in person in Washington plus another 500 via video webcast particularly at the Beckman Center in California, Sigma Xi in North Carolina, and 5 sites in Pennsylvania. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

State Action Items in K-12 STEM EducationIdentified by Convocation Participants: 

State Action Items in K-12 STEM Education Identified by Convocation Participants Educate the American public about the need to improve STEM education in America’s schools Coordinate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education reform efforts working with State Legislatures and Departments of Education to get real changes in STEM curriculum. Attach to the Senate Bill a statement encouraging states to form coalitions to improve STEM education. Use a systems approach to improve STEM for Pre-K to 25. This means addressing all interacting variables, including, but not limited to Teacher Professional Development, Teacher education, Salaries, Support in the classroom, Afterschool programs, Distance learning, Preschool, and Parent/community education. NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

More STEM K-12 State and Local Actions: 

More STEM K-12 State and Local Actions Prepare more and better math and science teachers as well as specialists (elementary school) and work with school counselors. Encourage underrepresented groups to go into teaching, Create systematic and persistent collaborations between universities and K-12 schools in their regions on curriculum develop and teacher preparation. Establish a state mechanism/clearinghouse to facilitate the involvement of the enormous pool of the state’s scientists and engineers in K-12 education, with special focus on those scientists who have retired or will be retiring in the next few years. Develop a streamlined accreditation process that would enable these retirees to become middle and high school teachers.

Yet More K-12 STEM Activities: 

Yet More K-12 STEM Activities Meet with science centers and museums, and coordinate with state curriculum. Encourage partnerships with companies to encourage technical staff scientists and engineers to become actively involved as volunteers in local schools to promote STEM education. Establish a Teacher Advisory Council of Math & Science teachers, collaborating with a stakeholder organization to develop goals and actions. Organize a K-12 state-wide symposium and use role models to excite elementary and middle school students to engage women/minorities Discuss what science, engineering, and mathematics courses should look like.

State Action Items in Higher EducationIdentified by Convocation Participants: 

State Action Items in Higher Education Identified by Convocation Participants Establish an in-state scholarship program for high school graduates. Increase state support need-based scholarship Address issue of amount of undergraduate debt (it can be a factor for underrepresented groups in STEM on whether or not they continue with their graduate studies). Discuss what science, engineering, and mathematics courses should be like. Work in partnership with K-12 school systems on K-12 STEM topics described in previous slides.

State Action Items in ResearchIdentified by Convocation Participants: 

State Action Items in Research Identified by Convocation Participants Initiate a major, state-wide program, equivalent to the Academy Awards, to reward success in scientific research and in science education, so as to create desirable role models of scientists. Awards should be for research accomplishment at all levels from undergraduate student, graduate student, postdoctoral fellow, junior faculty/researcher, senior faculty/researcher. Develop strategies and a structure that will insure greater collaboration and synergy among research universities, government labs, and the tech business sector.

State Action Items in InnovationIdentified by Convocation Participants: 

State Action Items in Innovation Identified by Convocation Participants Establish a statewide S&T authority. Conduct an assessment of state’s strengths and weaknesses in the development and commercialization of intellectual property, benchmarked against the best performing states. Appoint a high level group, possibly under the auspices of the Governor, to identify areas where states have the potential to build world leadership in the commercialization of intellectual property. Set up state funded competitively funded pre- and early-seed monies for universities to support transfer of technology to early stage start ups.

State Action Items in CommunicationIdentified by Convocation Participants: 

State Action Items in Communication Identified by Convocation Participants Involve governors and legislators: Ask the governor to convene a meeting of leaders Go back to State/Region and learn what is already happening. Ask governors, mayors, etc. “Have you read the Rising Above Gathering Storm executive summary?” Organize best practices to educate state legislators about the value of graduate education. Elevate the awareness of the importance of grad education (talk to other grad deans). Educate the public and measure public opinion via literature, campaigns, town hall meetings Create awareness/urgency in the public including parents via media and net campaigns. Fund permanent science exhibits at local shopping malls.

Other State Action Items Identified by Convocation Participants: 

Other State Action Items Identified by Convocation Participants Work with the National Governors’ Association on their innovation initiative and inform and work with regional governor’s associations (such as the Western Governor’s Association). States should work together to establish joint funding, best practices, and joint projects that would benefit all states. Post best practices, but also remember that one size does not fit all. Mobilize association members as well as use association alerts and establish alert networks Hold state specific meetings on Gathering Storm report.

Planned National Academies Activities: 

Planned National Academies Activities Video of meeting presentations at www.nationalacademies.org/gatheringstorm Brief summary of convocation discussions. Follow-up in 6 months and 1 year later to determine impact on state and local actions. NATIONAL ACADEMIES OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

For more informationwww.nationalacademies.org/gatheringstorm PDF of executive summary and full report are available at no cost : 

For more information www.nationalacademies.org/gatheringstorm PDF of executive summary and full report are available at no cost NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING, AND INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Questions to Ponder for Engineering Community: 

Questions to Ponder for Engineering Community These are illustrations of comments and questions asked of the committee since the report was released: There are plenty of engineers already in US—see this headline of some being laid off? The unemployment rate? Are there really jobs available? Where’s the proof? If corporations paid engineers more they wouldn’t have problems getting US students to get degrees in the field. The problem is not recruiting students into engineering higher education programs but increase the retention rate so that a higher percentage of those who enter graduate.

Actions to Consider: 

Actions to Consider Increase parent and student understanding of engineering through long-term middle and high school activities such as “Project Lead the Way.” Think about the potential of AP Engineering to encourage high school courses in engineering. Provide option for engineering students to get teacher certification at the same time as engineering degree. Increase engineering student retention rate at all higher education program levels Encourage and support involvement of engineering students and engineers from industry in K-12 programs – particularly at disadvantaged schools and with underrepresented groups. Provide more information on job market to parents and student at all levels. Encourage internships at high school and college level. Encourage continuing education for engineers so current engineers have more flexibility to change specialties.