Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse: Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse Dr. Milton H. Cambridge Demand Reduction Outreach and Prevention Coordinator


Raves: Raves Early 80’s subculture in England Clandestine or commercialized Loud “techno” music/dancing Lights and visual stimuli Promoted as Alcohol Free Club drugs bought, sold, consumed Unique costumes or themes


Environment: Environment All night event Clandestine – warehouses, deserts, woods, etc. Commercialized – established clubs Hot Loud Crowded Dancing Criminal element often present


Promotions: Promotions 14-25 year olds targeted group Alcohol-free events Appearance of not promoting drug use Websites, posters, word of mouth Paraphernalia – available on internet Spiritual or cultural stimulation/ enhancement One website “rated” the social and sexual performance, hangover, and spiritual effects of drugs – no mention of dangers


Rave Paraphernalia: Rave Paraphernalia Water bottles Light sticks Pacifers Bags of small candy/breath mints Eye-drop bottles Dust & surgical masks/Vick’s Vapo-Rub Caffeinated beverages OTC stimulants


Dangers: Dangers Dehydration Hyperthermia (high body temperature) Caused by drugs, heat, and dehydration Drug use (intentional or unintentional) Crime (sexual & physical assault, homicide, robbery, property damage, etc.) Crowds Hearing loss over long periods of exposure Lack of compliance with safety regulations


Club Drugs and Trend Drugs: Club Drugs and Trend Drugs Ketamine Rohypnol Viagra Oxycodone PCP Heroin Inhalants Marijuana Dextromethorphan Ecstasy Ecstasy + Viagra Ecstasy + Prozac Ecstasy + Ketamine Ecstasy + LSD Methamphetamine PMA 4-MTA GHB LSD


3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine E, XTC, X, rolling, tachas, snackies, speedies Stimulant and hallucinogenic properties Effects: increased stimuli & sensations Signs: euphoria, involuntary teeth grinding Causes memory loss, brain damage, “Alzheimer’s” OD: hyperthermia, teeth clenching, seizures, unconsciousness, heart failure, heat stroke Route: ingested, snorted, injected Onset/Duration: 30-60 minutes/4-6 hours


Total Ecstasy ED Mentions: Total Ecstasy ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Ecstasy ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: Ecstasy ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.


Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine Speed, ice, crystal, crank, batu, christmas trees, pink, elbows, Ozs, cinnamon, blade Schedule II, stimulant for ADD, narcolepsy Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, violent behavior OD: agitation, hostility, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, death Chronic use causes paranoia, hallucinations, picking at the skin, violent & erratic behavior Route: ingested, smoked, snorted, injected Onset/Duration: depends on route/6-8 hours


Yaba: Yaba Methamphetamine + caffeine Crazy medicine, Hitler’s drug, Nazi speed Red, orange, or green small pills, most commonly with “WY” stamped on them Originated in Thailand Signs: tachycardia, dehydration, paranoia, sweating, insomnia, irritability, hallucinations, depression Route: Oral, inhalation, injection Onset/Duration: depends on route/6-8 hours


Paramethoxyamphetamine: Paramethoxyamphetamine PMA, 4-MA, death, Mitsubishi double stack Synthetic hallucinogen Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea, hyperthermia, nystagmus, muscle spasms, visual hallucinations OD: dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, renal failure, vomiting, seizures, coma (60mg), extreme hyperthermia (>108 hours after death) Onset/duration: depends on route Route: ingested, inhaled, injected Esp. hazardous with other amphetamines, alcohol, cocaine, prozac


4-Methylthioamphetamine : 4-Methylthioamphetamine 4-MTA, MTA, flatliners, golden eagle Resembles amphetamine, developed as an anti-depressant, releases serotonin Effects: Stimulant/euphoric effects Signs: restlessness, muscle twitches, involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, seizures, coma Duration: up to 12 hours Route: ingested Unknown toxicity & side effects Sold as ecstasy


4-Methylthioamphetamine: 4-Methylthioamphetamine


Methamphetamine ED Mentions: Methamphetamine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Amphetamines ED Mentions: Amphetamines ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Amphetamines ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: Amphetamines ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


GHB: GHB Gamma Hydroxybutyrate, C4H8O3 Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm, liquid X, goop Made from sodium / potassium hydrochloride & gamma-butylrolactone (GBL) Signs: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, status seizures, respiratory depression/cheyne-stokes, coma OD: unconsciousness, muscle stiffness, seizures, severe respiratory depression, coma Route: ingested (liquid) Onset/Duration: 10-20 minutes/2-4 hours If made incorrectly, can burn mouth & esophagus


GHB/GBL ED Mentions: GHB/GBL ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


LSD: LSD D-lysergic acid diethylamide Acid, cid, blotter acid, “candy flipping” Most powerful hallucinogen known Put in gel wraps, breath fresheners, “Smartie” candies, blotters, sugar cubes Signs: hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting OD: exaggerated signs as above, death is rare Route: ingested, snorted, injected Onset/duration: 20-90 minutes/6-12 hours


LSD ED Mentions: LSD ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


LSD ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: LSD ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Ketamine Hydrochloride: Ketamine Hydrochloride Special K, K, Ket Kat, Cat Valium Dissociative anesthetic Signs: hallucinations, vomiting, hypertension, bradycardia, irrational behavior, seizures, respiratory depression, unconsciousness, hypoxia. Long-term side effects of regular use unknown Onset/duration: 15 sec-5 mins/30-60 mins Route: Oral, snorted, injected 4/21/02 – DEA seized 3,998 vials (Missouri)


Ketamine ED Mentions: Ketamine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol): Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) Roofies, Mexican valium, roach-2, rope, rib Sedative, prevents seizures (not in the U.S.) Signs: “drunkenness,” unsteadiness, slurred speech, drowsiness, amnesia OD: CNS depression, bradycardia, coma, death Used in the commission of “date rapes” Onset/duration: rapid onset/8 hours or more Route: dissolved in water, alcohol, other liquids; can be snorted


Rohypnol ED Mentions: Rohypnol ED Mentions


Sildenafil (Viagra®): Sildenafil (Viagra®) Trail mix, sextasy, hammerheading Treatment of impotence Used to counter sexual dysfunction caused by ecstasy Dangerous with nitrates (amyl nitrate) or nitrites (heart medication) >4 hours can cause anatomical damage


Oxycodone (Oxycontin®): Oxycodone (Oxycontin®) Oxys, oxycotton, OCs, killer, blue, valerie, rush Analgesic, equally potent as morphine Effects: Euphoria Signs: euphoria, pinpoint pupils, dizziness, confusion, decreased breathing and heart rate OD: respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, coma, seizures Onset/duration: depends on route/8-12 hours Route: snorted, ingested, injected Narcan will reverse effects


Oxycodone ED Mentions*: Oxycodone ED Mentions* Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network * Includes mentions for oxycodone, acetaminophen-oxycodone and aspirin-oxycodone


Cocaine: Cocaine Powder: blow, coke, snow, yao, DP, perico, p-packs Crack: rock, bullets, ma’a, monkey nut, yam, CDs Most powerful natural stimulant Effects: Stimulant Signs: dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased heart and respiratory rates, hypertension, dilated pupils, restlessness, blurred vision, dizziness, seizures “Crack Lung”: chest pain, cough w/hemoptysis, dyspnea, bronchospasm, pruritis. OD: hyperthermia, hallucinations, seizures, respiratory failure, death Onset/duration: 4-6 secs/depends on amount Route: injected, snorted, smoked


Cocaine ED Mentions: Cocaine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Cocaine ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: Cocaine ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP): Embalming fluid, rocket fuel, elephant, hog Veterinary analgesic Signs: delirium, violent & erratic behavior, hypertension, tachycardia, rapid & shallow breathing, sweating, flushed skin OD: bizarre, violent and self-destructive behavior, feelings of invulnerability Onset/duration: depends on route/4-8 hours Route: injected, snorted, smoked Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP)


PCP ED Mentions: PCP ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


PCP ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: PCP ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Heroin: Heroin 747, bart simpson, dinosaur, homicide, Monica Lewinski, Bin Laden, Jerry Springer Developed as an alternate to morphine Signs: respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea & vomiting, warm flushed skin, and dry mouth. User goes “on the nod” OD: severe respiratory depression, apnea, coma, death Onset/duration: 1 min/several hours Route: ingested, injected, snorted, smoked


Heroin ED Mentions: Heroin ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Heroin ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: Heroin ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Inhalants: Inhalants Bagging, huffing Petroleum or chemical product with strong fumes Signs: euphoria followed by depression, stimulation, distortions in time & space, headache, nausea & vomiting, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, wheezing, dyspnea OD: coma, apnea, heart failure, death Onset/duration: instantaneous/short duration 2% of 4th and 12th graders used monthly (1998) 2% of 8th graders used at least once (1999)


Inhalant ED Mentions: Inhalant ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Top 10 Inhalants 1995 – 2002: Top 10 Inhalants 1995 – 2002 Paint (1,762), but no ED Mentions 2001, 2002 *No ED mentions 2001, 2002 +No ED mentions 2002 ++No ED mentions 2001


Marijuana: Marijuana delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Triple a, crank, schwagg, kryptonite, spliff, hydro, LG, chiefing THC concentration: 1970, 6% Sensamilla rose from 6%-13%; as high as 33% Signs: dizziness; trouble walking; silly and giggly; red, bloodshot eyes; impaired memory; distinctive odor on clothes, hair, skin Onset/duration: 3-4 minutes/2-3 hours Route: smoked, eaten


Marijuana ED Mentions: Marijuana ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Marijuana ED Mentionsper 100,000 pop.: Marijuana ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network


Dextromethorphan: Dextromethorphan DXM, DM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo Dosages: 100-1500 mg or 1.5 mg/kg – 30 mg/kg Effects: hallucinations, dissociative effect Signs: drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, nystagmus, decreased LOC, hyperthermia, “drunk” and “stoned” appearance OD: slurred speech, lethargy, sweating, weak pulses, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, CNS Onset/duration: depends on route/6 hours Route: Oral, inhaled Often sold as or mistaken for ecstasy Can cause false positive for PCP 1,467 tablets seized in raid, Albany, NY


Dextromethorphan ED Mentions: Dextromethorphan ED Mentions


5-MeO-DiPT: 5-MeO-DiPT 5-Methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine Foxy, Methoxy Foxy Tryptamine hallucinogenic Effects: euphoria, increased stimuli, increased sexual and emotional feelings Signs: auditory hallucinations, visual distortion, jaw clenching, diarrhea, nausea, severe anxiety Onset/duration: 20-60 mins/14 hours Route: ingested, snorted


Alpha-methyltryptamine: Alpha-methyltryptamine AMT, IT-290 Hallucinogen Capsule with orange, yellow, or off-white powder Effects: stimulation, mood elevation, hallucinations Signs: increased energy, empathy, visual patterns, nausea, vomiting, headaches, teeth clenching, blurred vision, anxiety Onset/duration: 10 secs-2 hours/14 hours Route: ingested, smoked Long term effects unknown


Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine: Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine BZP, legal E, Legal X, A2, often sold as ecstasy Stimulant with amphetamine- and ecstasy-like properties & effects Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia Causes hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory depression at high doses MSDS: dyspnea, delayed pulmonary edema, chemical burns to respiratory tract on inhalation Onset/duration: depends on route/6-8 hours Route: oral (tablets/pill) or smoked (freebase) Labeled industrial or commercial bottles


Useful Websites: Useful Websites www.monitoringthefuture.org www.streetdrugs.org www.treas.gov/usss www.dea.gov www.drugabusestatistics.samshsa.gov www.inhalants.org www.drugabuse.gov www.health.org www.nida.nih.gov www.clubdrugs.org www.projectghb.org www.stopdrugs.org www.adhl.org www.teenchallenge.com www.samsha.gov www.familyawareness.org