Raves and Club Drugs Briefing

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Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse: 

Raves, Club Drugs, and Drugs of Abuse Dr. Milton H. Cambridge Demand Reduction Outreach and Prevention Coordinator

Raves: 

Raves Early 80’s subculture in England Clandestine or commercialized Loud “techno” music/dancing Lights and visual stimuli Promoted as Alcohol Free Club drugs bought, sold, consumed Unique costumes or themes

Environment: 

Environment All night event Clandestine – warehouses, deserts, woods, etc. Commercialized – established clubs Hot Loud Crowded Dancing Criminal element often present

Promotions: 

Promotions 14-25 year olds targeted group Alcohol-free events Appearance of not promoting drug use Websites, posters, word of mouth Paraphernalia – available on internet Spiritual or cultural stimulation/ enhancement One website “rated” the social and sexual performance, hangover, and spiritual effects of drugs – no mention of dangers

Rave Paraphernalia: 

Rave Paraphernalia Water bottles Light sticks Pacifers Bags of small candy/breath mints Eye-drop bottles Dust & surgical masks/Vick’s Vapo-Rub Caffeinated beverages OTC stimulants

Dangers: 

Dangers Dehydration Hyperthermia (high body temperature) Caused by drugs, heat, and dehydration Drug use (intentional or unintentional) Crime (sexual & physical assault, homicide, robbery, property damage, etc.) Crowds Hearing loss over long periods of exposure Lack of compliance with safety regulations

Club Drugs and Trend Drugs: 

Club Drugs and Trend Drugs Ketamine Rohypnol Viagra Oxycodone PCP Heroin Inhalants Marijuana Dextromethorphan Ecstasy Ecstasy + Viagra Ecstasy + Prozac Ecstasy + Ketamine Ecstasy + LSD Methamphetamine PMA 4-MTA GHB LSD

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: 

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine E, XTC, X, rolling, tachas, snackies, speedies Stimulant and hallucinogenic properties Effects: increased stimuli & sensations Signs: euphoria, involuntary teeth grinding Causes memory loss, brain damage, “Alzheimer’s” OD: hyperthermia, teeth clenching, seizures, unconsciousness, heart failure, heat stroke Route: ingested, snorted, injected Onset/Duration: 30-60 minutes/4-6 hours

Total Ecstasy ED Mentions: 

Total Ecstasy ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Ecstasy ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

Ecstasy ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.

Methamphetamine: 

Methamphetamine Speed, ice, crystal, crank, batu, christmas trees, pink, elbows, Ozs, cinnamon, blade Schedule II, stimulant for ADD, narcolepsy Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, violent behavior OD: agitation, hostility, hallucinations, seizures, hyperthermia, death Chronic use causes paranoia, hallucinations, picking at the skin, violent & erratic behavior Route: ingested, smoked, snorted, injected Onset/Duration: depends on route/6-8 hours

Yaba: 

Yaba Methamphetamine + caffeine Crazy medicine, Hitler’s drug, Nazi speed Red, orange, or green small pills, most commonly with “WY” stamped on them Originated in Thailand Signs: tachycardia, dehydration, paranoia, sweating, insomnia, irritability, hallucinations, depression Route: Oral, inhalation, injection Onset/Duration: depends on route/6-8 hours

Paramethoxyamphetamine: 

Paramethoxyamphetamine PMA, 4-MA, death, Mitsubishi double stack Synthetic hallucinogen Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea, hyperthermia, nystagmus, muscle spasms, visual hallucinations OD: dysrhythmias, pulmonary edema, renal failure, vomiting, seizures, coma (60mg), extreme hyperthermia (>108 hours after death) Onset/duration: depends on route Route: ingested, inhaled, injected Esp. hazardous with other amphetamines, alcohol, cocaine, prozac

4-Methylthioamphetamine : 

4-Methylthioamphetamine 4-MTA, MTA, flatliners, golden eagle Resembles amphetamine, developed as an anti-depressant, releases serotonin Effects: Stimulant/euphoric effects Signs: restlessness, muscle twitches, involuntary muscle contractions, tremors, seizures, coma Duration: up to 12 hours Route: ingested Unknown toxicity & side effects Sold as ecstasy

4-Methylthioamphetamine: 

4-Methylthioamphetamine

Methamphetamine ED Mentions: 

Methamphetamine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Amphetamines ED Mentions: 

Amphetamines ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Amphetamines ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

Amphetamines ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

GHB: 

GHB Gamma Hydroxybutyrate, C4H8O3 Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm, liquid X, goop Made from sodium / potassium hydrochloride & gamma-butylrolactone (GBL) Signs: drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, status seizures, respiratory depression/cheyne-stokes, coma OD: unconsciousness, muscle stiffness, seizures, severe respiratory depression, coma Route: ingested (liquid) Onset/Duration: 10-20 minutes/2-4 hours If made incorrectly, can burn mouth & esophagus

GHB/GBL ED Mentions: 

GHB/GBL ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

LSD: 

LSD D-lysergic acid diethylamide Acid, cid, blotter acid, “candy flipping” Most powerful hallucinogen known Put in gel wraps, breath fresheners, “Smartie” candies, blotters, sugar cubes Signs: hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, hyperthermia, nausea, vomiting OD: exaggerated signs as above, death is rare Route: ingested, snorted, injected Onset/duration: 20-90 minutes/6-12 hours

LSD ED Mentions: 

LSD ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

LSD ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

LSD ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Ketamine Hydrochloride: 

Ketamine Hydrochloride Special K, K, Ket Kat, Cat Valium Dissociative anesthetic Signs: hallucinations, vomiting, hypertension, bradycardia, irrational behavior, seizures, respiratory depression, unconsciousness, hypoxia. Long-term side effects of regular use unknown Onset/duration: 15 sec-5 mins/30-60 mins Route: Oral, snorted, injected 4/21/02 – DEA seized 3,998 vials (Missouri)

Ketamine ED Mentions: 

Ketamine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol): 

Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) Roofies, Mexican valium, roach-2, rope, rib Sedative, prevents seizures (not in the U.S.) Signs: “drunkenness,” unsteadiness, slurred speech, drowsiness, amnesia OD: CNS depression, bradycardia, coma, death Used in the commission of “date rapes” Onset/duration: rapid onset/8 hours or more Route: dissolved in water, alcohol, other liquids; can be snorted

Rohypnol ED Mentions: 

Rohypnol ED Mentions

Sildenafil (Viagra®): 

Sildenafil (Viagra®) Trail mix, sextasy, hammerheading Treatment of impotence Used to counter sexual dysfunction caused by ecstasy Dangerous with nitrates (amyl nitrate) or nitrites (heart medication) >4 hours can cause anatomical damage

Oxycodone (Oxycontin®): 

Oxycodone (Oxycontin®) Oxys, oxycotton, OCs, killer, blue, valerie, rush Analgesic, equally potent as morphine Effects: Euphoria Signs: euphoria, pinpoint pupils, dizziness, confusion, decreased breathing and heart rate OD: respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, coma, seizures Onset/duration: depends on route/8-12 hours Route: snorted, ingested, injected Narcan will reverse effects

Oxycodone ED Mentions*: 

Oxycodone ED Mentions* Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network * Includes mentions for oxycodone, acetaminophen-oxycodone and aspirin-oxycodone

Cocaine: 

Cocaine Powder: blow, coke, snow, yao, DP, perico, p-packs Crack: rock, bullets, ma’a, monkey nut, yam, CDs Most powerful natural stimulant Effects: Stimulant Signs: dysrhythmias, chest pain, increased heart and respiratory rates, hypertension, dilated pupils, restlessness, blurred vision, dizziness, seizures “Crack Lung”: chest pain, cough w/hemoptysis, dyspnea, bronchospasm, pruritis. OD: hyperthermia, hallucinations, seizures, respiratory failure, death Onset/duration: 4-6 secs/depends on amount Route: injected, snorted, smoked

Cocaine ED Mentions: 

Cocaine ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Cocaine ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

Cocaine ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP): 

Embalming fluid, rocket fuel, elephant, hog Veterinary analgesic Signs: delirium, violent & erratic behavior, hypertension, tachycardia, rapid & shallow breathing, sweating, flushed skin OD: bizarre, violent and self-destructive behavior, feelings of invulnerability Onset/duration: depends on route/4-8 hours Route: injected, snorted, smoked Phenyl Cyclohexyl Piperidine (PCP)

PCP ED Mentions: 

PCP ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

PCP ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

PCP ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Heroin: 

Heroin 747, bart simpson, dinosaur, homicide, Monica Lewinski, Bin Laden, Jerry Springer Developed as an alternate to morphine Signs: respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea & vomiting, warm flushed skin, and dry mouth. User goes “on the nod” OD: severe respiratory depression, apnea, coma, death Onset/duration: 1 min/several hours Route: ingested, injected, snorted, smoked

Heroin ED Mentions: 

Heroin ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Heroin ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

Heroin ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Inhalants: 

Inhalants Bagging, huffing Petroleum or chemical product with strong fumes Signs: euphoria followed by depression, stimulation, distortions in time & space, headache, nausea & vomiting, slurred speech, loss of motor coordination, wheezing, dyspnea OD: coma, apnea, heart failure, death Onset/duration: instantaneous/short duration 2% of 4th and 12th graders used monthly (1998) 2% of 8th graders used at least once (1999)

Inhalant ED Mentions: 

Inhalant ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Top 10 Inhalants 1995 – 2002: 

Top 10 Inhalants 1995 – 2002 Paint (1,762), but no ED Mentions 2001, 2002 *No ED mentions 2001, 2002 +No ED mentions 2002 ++No ED mentions 2001

Marijuana: 

Marijuana delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Triple a, crank, schwagg, kryptonite, spliff, hydro, LG, chiefing THC concentration: 1970, <1%; 2002, >6% Sensamilla rose from 6%-13%; as high as 33% Signs: dizziness; trouble walking; silly and giggly; red, bloodshot eyes; impaired memory; distinctive odor on clothes, hair, skin Onset/duration: 3-4 minutes/2-3 hours Route: smoked, eaten

Marijuana ED Mentions: 

Marijuana ED Mentions Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Marijuana ED Mentions per 100,000 pop.: 

Marijuana ED Mentions per 100,000 pop. Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Drug Abuse Warning Network

Dextromethorphan: 

Dextromethorphan DXM, DM, Robo, Velvet, Rojo Dosages: 100-1500 mg or 1.5 mg/kg – 30 mg/kg Effects: hallucinations, dissociative effect Signs: drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, nystagmus, decreased LOC, hyperthermia, “drunk” and “stoned” appearance OD: slurred speech, lethargy, sweating, weak pulses, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, CNS Onset/duration: depends on route/6 hours Route: Oral, inhaled Often sold as or mistaken for ecstasy Can cause false positive for PCP 1,467 tablets seized in raid, Albany, NY

Dextromethorphan ED Mentions: 

Dextromethorphan ED Mentions

5-MeO-DiPT: 

5-MeO-DiPT 5-Methoxy-di-isopropyl-tryptamine Foxy, Methoxy Foxy Tryptamine hallucinogenic Effects: euphoria, increased stimuli, increased sexual and emotional feelings Signs: auditory hallucinations, visual distortion, jaw clenching, diarrhea, nausea, severe anxiety Onset/duration: 20-60 mins/14 hours Route: ingested, snorted

Alpha-methyltryptamine: 

Alpha-methyltryptamine AMT, IT-290 Hallucinogen Capsule with orange, yellow, or off-white powder Effects: stimulation, mood elevation, hallucinations Signs: increased energy, empathy, visual patterns, nausea, vomiting, headaches, teeth clenching, blurred vision, anxiety Onset/duration: 10 secs-2 hours/14 hours Route: ingested, smoked Long term effects unknown

Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine: 

Benzylpiperazine, Trifluromethylphenalpiperazine BZP, legal E, Legal X, A2, often sold as ecstasy Stimulant with amphetamine- and ecstasy-like properties & effects Signs: tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia Causes hallucinations, seizures, and respiratory depression at high doses MSDS: dyspnea, delayed pulmonary edema, chemical burns to respiratory tract on inhalation Onset/duration: depends on route/6-8 hours Route: oral (tablets/pill) or smoked (freebase) Labeled industrial or commercial bottles

Useful Websites: 

Useful Websites www.monitoringthefuture.org www.streetdrugs.org www.treas.gov/usss www.dea.gov www.drugabusestatistics.samshsa.gov www.inhalants.org www.drugabuse.gov www.health.org www.nida.nih.gov www.clubdrugs.org www.projectghb.org www.stopdrugs.org www.adhl.org www.teenchallenge.com www.samsha.gov www.familyawareness.org