United StatesCoast Guard: United States Coast Guard


Genesis of the U.S. Coast Guard : Genesis of the U.S. Coast Guard Cleveland Commission Charles Nagel Franklin MacVeagh 12 March 1914--Passage in the Senate Sent to the House Intercession of President Wilson 20 January 1915 -- Passage in the House President William Howard Taft


“Act to Create the Coast Guard”: “Act to Create the Coast Guard” 28 January 1915 -- signed by President Wilson Combined the USLSS & RCS Armed Service by statute President Woodrow Wilson


Ellsworth P. Bertholf: Ellsworth P. Bertholf Class of 1887 First RCS officer to attend NWC 1897- Overland Expedition 19 June 1911 -- Captain-Commandant of RCS January 1915 – First Commandant of the Coast Guard International Ice Patrol Commodore during World War I 30 June 1919 -- Retired 11 November 1921--Died


World War I: World War I 6 April 1917-- US declared war on Germany USCG transferred to US Navy Cutters Districts & Personnel Command of Air Stations & Naval Vessels President Wilson asks Congress to Declare War on Germany USCG & Navy Officers Coast Guardsman Drill at Ft. Trumbull, CT


Loss of Tampa: Loss of Tampa Convoy escort duty 26 September 1918 131 dead Largest US naval loss of the war Artist’s Depiction of Tampa’s sinking USCGC Tampa


Captains of thePort: Captains of thePort 15 June 1917 -- Espionage Act 6 December 1917 -- Mont Blanc disaster Ensure it does not happen in US Increased munitions shipments Captain of the Port CAPT Godfrey L. Carden New York harbor as largest CG command 4 October 1918 -- Munitions fire in New Jersey Joseph E. Stika – Navy Cross Godfrey L. Carden Carden at Work


Seneca & the Wellington Rescue: Seneca & the Wellington Rescue Derelict destroyer & convoy escort 16 September 1918 -- convoy to Gibraltar Wellington torpedoed First Lieutenant Fletcher Brown and his volunteers Storm 11 Dead Navy Cross Seneca places a damage control crew aboard the torpedoed tanker Wellington Navy Cross


Elmer Stone & NC-4: Elmer Stone & NC-4 CG Aviator 1 USN Navy Expedition Competing against the British 8 May 1919 -- NAS Rockaway 27 May 1919 – Lisbon Navy Cross NC-4 crewmen; Stone 2nd from right NC-4 lands in Lisbon after trans-Atlantic flight


Fighting for Survival: Fighting for Survival Josephus Daniels Campbell Bill Carter Glass Officers in Favor Enlisted Joint Resolution Executive Order 3160 William F. Reynolds William F. Reynolds


Prohibition: Prohibition 18th Amendment Volstead Act Coast Guard mission Government Agents Destroy Barrels of Liquor


Fighting the “Rum War”: Fighting the “Rum War” Bootlegging Insufficient budgets Andrew W. Mellon Appropriations Frederick C. Billard Commandant Frederick C. Billard


“Rumrunners”: “Rumrunners” Almeida Kirk and Sweeney loaded with rum Underwriter Speedboat seized by the Coast Guard


Destroyers for the Coast Guard: Destroyers for the Coast Guard Enlarging the USCG Temporary increase Destroyers unsuitable 750-tonners, 1,000-tonners, & “flush deckers” Destroyer crewmen conduct gunnery practice Destroyers Tucker (L) & Cassin (R) at the Philly Navy Yard USCGD Paulding with a seized “rum runner”


Patrol Craft to Combat the “Rumrunners”: Patrol Craft to Combat the “Rumrunners” 75 foot “Six-Bitter” 38’ Cabin Picket Boat Experimental Armed Loening OL-5 100-foot patrol boat Petrel


SIGINT, Elizabeth Friedman, & USCG Cryptanalysis: SIGINT, Elizabeth Friedman, & USCG Cryptanalysis Signals Intelligence Introduction of codes Elizabeth Smith Friedman Elizabeth Smith Friedman Coast Guard Radio Direction Finder Frank L. Meals


Ensign Duke: Ensign Duke CG-2327 Duke climbed onto the ship Alone for 9 hours 3,000 50-gallon drums Captured 22 men Ensign Duke climbs aboard SS Economy Ensign Charles L. Duke


Horace Alderman & I’m Alone: Horace Alderman & I’m Alone CG-249 and Boastwain Sanderlin Boatswain Paul, Wolcott, & Dexter 20 casualties per year Horace Alderman I’m Alone crewmen


End of Prohibition: End of Prohibition Prohibition unpopular FDR Beer-Wine Revenue Act 21st Amendment Sea change for USCG Expression of Popular Sentiment Franklin Delano Roosevelt Prohibition repealed


“Iceberg” Smith & the Marion Expedition: “Iceberg” Smith & the Marion Expedition International Ice Patrol Edward H. Smith Oceanographic unit Marion Expedition Woods Hole Edward “Iceberg” Smith USCGC Marion


USCG in the early 1930s: USCG in the early 1930s Interdicting guns & drugs Harry G. Hamlet Small budgets Cost cutting Combination with the US Navy CNO William V. Pratt Congressional resistance Harry G. Hamlet


Russell R. Waesche: Russell R. Waesche Early career Headquarters Post-World War I Destroyer Forces Return to HQ Navy War Plans Division Aide to Commandant Deep Selection Longest-serving Commandant Russell R. Waesche


Itasca & Amelia Earhart: Itasca & Amelia Earhart Lae to Howland Island USCGC Itasca Radio navigation USS Lexington Speculation Amelia Earhart USCGC Itasca


USLHS Joins the USCG: USLHS Joins the USCG Reorganization Plan No. 11 Efficiency & Economy Integration of 5,200 personnel and other assets 7 July 1939


Outbreak of World War II: Outbreak of World War II 1 September 1939 -- Germany Invades Poland 3 September -- Britain & France declare war US Declares Its Neutrality June 1940- France Falls 22 June 1940 – Espionage Act Dangerous Cargo Act


Lend-Lease: Lend-Lease 2 September 1940 11 March 1941 End of Isolationism Terms April-May 1941 Atlantic Charter USCGC Saranac became HMS Banff Roosevelt & Churchill on board HMS Prince of Wales in July 1941


Greenland: Greenland 9 April 1941 Coast Guard primary service USCGC Northland & Buskoe Executive Order No. 8829 Greenland Patrol Buskoe USCGC Northland


Modoc & Bismarck: Modoc & Bismarck Breakout into the Atlantic 24 May 1941 Battle of Denmark Straits Torpedo plane attack - Bismarck’s AA fire - HMS Norfolk - HMS Prince of Wales USCGC Modoc British Swordfish attack Bismarck


World War II – U.S. Attacked: World War II – U.S. Attacked Taney Walnut Wakefield LT Crotty Taney at Honolulu, 7 December 1941 Wakefield under attack at Singapore Crotty as a cadet, 1934 USCGC Walnut


Douglas A. Munro: Douglas A. Munro 27 September 1942- Guadalcanal Coxswain of Higgins Boat “Chesty” Puller Killed by enemy fire Only Coast Guardsman awarded the Medal of Honor


USCG in the PTO: USCG in the PTO Guadalcanal to Okinawa Manned Navy and Army ships USS Serpens Marines express their appreciation of the Coast Guard USCG providing logistical support at Okinawa


“Corsair Fleet” & Beach Patrol: “Corsair Fleet” & Beach Patrol Coast Guard Reserve & Coastal Picket Patrol Organization of “Hooligan Navy” Tradition & Establishment OPERATION PASTORIOUS SN2 John Cullen 25 July 1942 Reduction SN2 John Cullen


Battle of the Atlantic: Battle of the Atlantic Ocean Supply Lines USCG role is often overlooked U-Boats offshore Victories, but loss of Alexander Hamilton Convoy duty & “Bloody Winter” Turnaround in Spring ’43 Against German planes in the Mediterranean Final Victory Cutter engages a U-boat with depth charges Alexander Hamilton sinks after being torpedoed


Greenland Patrol: Greenland Patrol Convoy Duty Engaging U-Boats Dorchester Escanaba Weather stations Externsteine Externsteine Eastwind (L) and Storis in the waters off Greenland


Amphibious Operations in the ETO: Amphibious Operations in the ETO European Theatre of Operations TORCH through ANVIL OPERATION OVERLORD OPERATION NEPTUNE Assault Transports Rescue Flotilla Landing Craft 83-foot cutters of the First Rescue Flotilla CG-manned LCI lands troops at Omaha Beach


Quentin R. Walsh: Quentin R. Walsh Logistics and Planning Section Fort du Homet in Cherbourg Convinced the Germans Captured 300 & liberated 50 Navy Cross LCDR Walsh with his Navy Cross Navy Cross


SPARS: SPARS 23 November 1942 More than 10,000 Dorothy Stratton “Semper Paratus –Always Ready” Dorothy Stratton SPARS undergo training


Desegregation: Desegregation Long service April 1942 December 1942 USCGC Sea Cloud First officers SPARs Integration USCGC Sea Cloud Jenkins (L) & Samuels SPAR Recurits


LORAN: LORAN Long Range Navigation= LORAN Pulse transmission Range March 1942 Lawrence Harding Practical system Stations built throughout the world Civilian applications LORAN Station


COTP in World War II: COTP in World War II Navy Department Increase and consolidation Marine inspection June 1942 Missions Coordination Coast Guard Intelligence Effective


USCG Helps Develop the Helicopter: USCG Helps Develop the Helicopter U-boat successes Burton and Kossler Many uses Budget issues Frank A. Erickson Army & Navy Waesche’s approval Board USCGC Cobb Waesche secured funding Other applications Future role in the Coast Guard USCGC Cobb conducts experiments Frank A. Erickson


End of the War: End of the War 2 September 1945 “Magic Carpet” duty 31 December 1945 Executive Order No. 9666 Japanese envoy signs the articles of surrender President Harry S. Truman USS Hunter Liggett served on “Magic Carpet” duty


Downsizing After World War II: Downsizing After World War II Demobilization Plan Separation Centers Joseph F. Farley Class of 1912 Destroyer Force During the War “Uncle Joe” Clarification of CG roles ADM Joseph F. Farley


Korean War: Korean War Korean Coast Guard 25 June 1950 No cutters Important to war effort Ocean Stations SAR assets Port Security LORAN Pusan LORAN station US advisors visit a class at the Korean Naval Academy


Ocean Stations: Ocean Stations Ocean Station program Duty Routines Collecting Weather Data USCGC Winona arrives to relieve USCGC Winnebago PBM-5G buzzes USCGC Vance


Northwest Passage: Northwest Passage Ambition for 400 years DEW Breaking ice Stuck in the ice Breakout & completion Storis, Spar, & Bramble make their way through the ice USCGC Storis in 1957 Map of the Arctic waters


Ice Operations: Ice Operations Purpose Polar Operations Domestic Ice Operations International Ice Patrol Marine Science Newest Polar icebreaker, USCGC Healy USCGC Eastwind in the Antarctic, Deep Freeze ‘55-’56 USCGC Northland under sail


Vietnam War: Vietnam War Tonkin Gulf Resolution CG participation needed Squadron One Squadron Three USCG 311-foot cutters in Vietnam 82-footers on transports bound for Vietnam Vietnam-bound Coast Guardsmen begin training


Operation Market Time: Operation Market Time Supplies from North Vietnam Interdiction mission/Single command Success Logistics diverted to the Ho Chi Minh Trail USCGC Rush provides naval gunfire support Men from Gresham inspect suspected Vietcong junk Crew from Point White pose with captured VC weapons


“Winning the Hearts and Minds”: “Winning the Hearts and Minds” Distributing candy to Vietnamese children USCG junior officer with the children he taught math USCG Warrant Officer visits a girl from the Saigon School for Blind Girls A BMC from Point Mast gives a gift to a Vietnamese girl


Jack C. Rittichier: Jack C. Rittichier Coast Guard Aviator No. 997 Exchange Program 37th ARRS 3 more DFCs 9 June 1968 Arlington National Cemetery Distinguished Flying Cross Jack C. Rittichier LT Rittichier Returns Home


Other Missions “in Country”: Other Missions “in Country” LORAN Tending Aids to Navigation Explosive Loading Detachment


Transition to DOT: Transition to DOT Lyndon B. Johnson Executive Order No. 167-81 177 years Administrative Move Willard J. Smith President Lyndon B. Johnson ADM Willard J. Smith


Fisheries Management: Fisheries Management Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 CG enforcement Notable Cases 1997 1998 HC-130 flies over a Soviet factory vessel and fishing trawler Storis tied alongside the Soviet vessel Lamut Boarding team inspects a fishing vessel in the Atlantic


Women in the USCG: Women in the USCG End of Women’s Reserve USCGA Co-ed Sea Duty Conflict with Navy ADM Chester A. Bender Standing watch on board USCGC Morgenthau USCGC Gallatin


Mariel Boatlift: Mariel Boatlift 1959- Castro in Cuba April 1980 Largest USCG op in peacetime USCG Auxiliary 125,000 Cubans


Rescues of Note: Rescues of Note Mirlo Bermuda Sky Queen LT Vukic off China Prisendam LT “Big John” Vukic John Allen Midgett Bermuda Sky Queen rescue Prinsendam rescue in the Gulf of Alaska


Maritime Defense Zones: Maritime Defense Zones 7 March 1984 Atlantic Pacific Declaration of War 4 August 1986 ADM Paul A. Yost


Fighting the Drug War: Fighting the Drug War 1970s- Increased demand in US 1980s- Continued growth LEDETs Noteworthy Drug Seizures Operation Frontier Shield Record of Drug Seizures on the Hull of a CG Cutter Seized cargo of illegal drugs Coast Guard deployed Aerostat airships as part of their interdiction efforts


Exxon Valdez and OPA 90: Exxon Valdez and OPA 90 24 March 1989 Oil Protection Act of 1990 1991 -- Kuwait HU-25A Falcon HU-25 A Falcon


Desert Shield & Desert Storm: Desert Shield & Desert Storm 1 August 1990 LEDETs Liaison Reserves & PSUs 21 April 1991 PSU in position Coast Guardsmen conduct security patrols


Migrant Interdiction: Migrant Interdiction Refugee migration Haiti Cuba China 24 November 1995 Work continues 11 migrants in a 1959 Buick sedan, interdicted in February 2004 110’ Patrol Boat carries Cuban refugees during Operation Able Vigil Cuban rafts interdicted in 1994 Golden Venture, loaded with 296 Chinese illegal migrants, beached on Long Island in 1993


9/11 and Operation Noble Eagle: 9/11 and Operation Noble Eagle 11 September 2001 Activities New York 5 November 2001 USCGC Tahoma controls vessel traffic in New York harbor while the World Trade Center complex burns in the background 20 September 2001 - President George W. Bush addresses the Congress and announces the “War on Terror” Damage to the Pentagon CG Patrol Boat on the Potomac after 9/11


Transition to DHS: Transition to DHS President George W. Bush 25 November 2002 Tom Ridge 25 February 2003 Secretary Tom Ridge


Operation Iraqi Freedom: Operation Iraqi Freedom Missions Port security Secure oil terminals Maritime Environmental Response Navigational Survey 1250 Coast Guard personnel DC3 Nathan Bruckenthal DC3 Nathan Bruckenthal A Coast Guardsman from PSU 313 walks the catwalk at the Mina al Bakr oil terminal. PSU 311 on patrol in the port of Umm Qasr, Iraq PSU 311 provides security with a .50-caliber machine gun on the Khawr al Amaya oil terminal


Hurricane Katrina: Hurricane Katrina 29 August 2005 10:00 AM -- Landfall 3:05 PM -- First Rescue USCG Response: 62 Aircraft 42 Cutters 131 boats Over 5,000 personnel 33,735 Rescued


United StatesCoast Guard: United States Coast Guard