Slide1 : 22 April 2002 Shane Ross Surrey Astrodynamics Workshop Lunar Orbit LL1 Lunar Orbit Halo Orbit at Lunar L1 Lunar Gateway Module Control & Dynamical Systems California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125, USA shane@cds.caltech.edu The Lunar L1 Gateway: Portal to the Planets
Acknowledgements : Acknowledgements J. Marsden, W.S. Koon (Caltech)
M. Lo, L. Romans, G. Hockney, B. Barden, M-K. Chung, R. Wilson, J. Evans, P. Chodas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
G. Gomez, J. Masdemont (Barcelona)
A. Barr, K. Museth, C. Koenig, M. Montague (Caltech)
S. Thrasher, C. Thomas, J. Turpin (Caltech)
J. Sercel, M. Parker, R. McDaniel, L. Voss (Caltech)
G. Condon, D. Pearson (Johnson Space Center)
K. Howell, B. Marchand (Purdue)
And the work of many others: H. Poincare, J. Moser, C. Conley, R. McGehee, R. Farquhar, J. Llibre, R. Martinez, C. Simo, S. Wiggins
Themes : Themes Transport in the Solar System Via the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)
Three Body Problem
Material Transport in Celestial Mechanics
Applications to Space Mission Design
Lunar L1 Gateway Station
Low cost to many destinations
Transportation hub
Construction & repair facility
Possible commercial uses
Why Study Transport Via the IPS? : Why Study Transport Via the IPS? Planetary Science
Transport of material between planets
Comet, asteroid impacts
Extend Human Presence in Space
Low energy transport to/from gateway stations
Capture and mining of near-Earth asteroids
Outline : Outline The InterPlanetary Superhighway
Tubes connecting the solar system
Transport in the Solar System
eg, Jupiter comets
New Mission Concepts
Petit Grand Tour of Jovian moons
Lunar L1 Gateway station
Human servicing of libration missions from lunar L1
Potential commercial uses
Rendezvous with Mars, A Human Mission
Halo Orbit Transfer and Insertion Via The InterPlanetary Superhighway : Halo Orbit Transfer and Insertion Via The InterPlanetary Superhighway
Lagrange Points in Near-Earth Space : Lagrange Points in Near-Earth Space Every 3 Body System Has 5 Lagrange Points
Earth-Moon-S/C: LL1, LL2, … LL5
Sun-Earth-S/C: EL1, EL2, …
Generate the InterPlanetary Superhighway near Earth
Orbital Zoology Near Lagrange Points : Orbital Zoology Near Lagrange Points Four Families of Orbits (Conley [1968], McGehee [1969])
Periodic Orbit (Planar Lyapunov)
Spiral Asymptotic Orbit (Stable Manifold Pictured)
Transit Orbits (MUST PASS THRU PERIODIC ORBIT)
Non-Transit Orbits (May Transit After Several Revolutions) S: Sun Region
J: Jupiter Region
X: Exterior Region
(Outside Jupiter’s Orbit) X S J
Why Dynamical Systems Theory? : Why Dynamical Systems Theory? Traditional Approach
Requires First Hand Numerical Knowledge of Phase Space
Each Trajectory Must Be Computed Manually By Hand (Slow)
Optimization Nearly Impossible
Dynamical Systems Provides Theory
Software: Automatic Generation of Trajectories
Software: Automatically Maps Out Phase Space Structures
Near Optimum Trajectory
Automated Parametric Studies & Monte Carlo Simulations
ISEE3/ICE Orbit Genesis Unstable Manifold
Using Poincare Sections : Using Poincare Sections Invariant Manifold Structures in High Dimensions (>3)
Cross Sections (Poincare) Reduce the Dimensions by 1
Periodic Orbits Become Finite Number of Points
Chaotic Orbits Cover Large Portions of Phase Space
Reveals Resonance Structure of Phase Space Orbits . . . .
Tunneling Through Phase Space : Tunneling Through Phase Space Cross Section of Tube Intersection Partitions Global Behavior
Yellow Region Tunnels Through from X Through J to S Regions
Green Circle: J to S Region, Red Circle: X to J Region
Genesis-Type Trajectory Between L2 and L1 Halo Orbits (Heteroclinic)
Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control : Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control
Inertial Frame Is Unrevealing
Rotating Frame Shows Pattern
Oterma follows a homoclinic- heteroclinic chain
Chaotic orbit
Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control : Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control
Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control : Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control
Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision : Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision
Simulation of SL9 Collision : Simulation of SL9 Collision Tubes intersect planets
Compare SL9 orbit (below) to computed orbit of similar energy (right) SL9 orbit (ref: Chodas) SL9–like orbit (ref: Thrasher) Close-Up
IPS & Transport in the Solar System : IPS & Transport in the Solar System Legend
L1 IPS Orbits
L2 IPS Orbits
Comets
Asteroids
Kuiper Belt
Objects
Poincare Section of the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)
Fast Transport from Kuiper to Asteroid Belt : Fast Transport from Kuiper to Asteroid Belt Only 250 years
Origin of Jupiter Comets
Replenish Asteroid Belt
Escape from Solar System
Suggests New Low Thrust Algorithm? Kuiper to Asteroid Belt (ref: Lo, Thomas, Turpin)
Slide19 : Similar path can be constructed for a new mission concept: the Petit Grand Tour
Serial low energy captures, transfers between moons
Near circular transfer orbits avoid Jupiter radiation
Available at all outer planets Petit Grand Tour of Jovian Moons
Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions : Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions Petit Grand Tour
May Be Useful to Europa Missions
Possible oceans, life?
Propellant Savings
Transfer DV ~ 0.5 Hohmann
Ref: Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2002]
Faster Trajectory Design
Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions : Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions New Understanding of 3D Transport Provides Systematic Design of High Inclination Low Energy Capture into Europa Orbit
Gomez, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Masdemont, Ross [2001]
Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions : Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions
Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions : Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions
Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions : Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions
Fuel Usage Drastically Reduced : Fuel Usage Drastically Reduced New computation (Ross, 2002)
Serial visits to Galilean moons, final Europa capture
Total Delta-V ~ 20 m/s!
1500 days transfer time (can be greatly reduced)
Transport Along Energy Surface : Transport Along Energy Surface E G C Curves of constant 3-body energy within each system Spacecraft path Spacecraft jumping between resonances on the way to Europa Semimajor axis (aEuropa = 1) Eccentricity
Jumping Between Resonances on an Energy Surface : Jumping Between Resonances on an Energy Surface Poincare section revealing resonances on the way to Europa
Lunar L1 Gateway Station : Lunar L1 Gateway Station
Future Constellations & Formation Flight Near Sun-Earth L2 : Future Constellations & Formation Flight Near Sun-Earth L2 TPF Formation Ref: Lo, Masdemont, et al. [2001] Ref: Howell, Barden, et al. [2001]
Problem: Human Service to Libration Point Missions : Problem: Human Service to Libration Point Missions 3 Month Transfers to Earth L2 Too Long for Humans
Short Transfers Too Costly, Difficult
Infrastructure Too Expensive
Take Smaller Step from LEO STA-103 astronauts repairing the Hubble Space Telescope TPF @Earth L2
Solution: Human Service from Lunar L1 Gateway : Send S/C Between Lunar L1 Gateway Hub and Earth L2 via the Interplanetary Superhighway
50 m/s energy difference btwn LL1 (Lunar) and EL2 (Earth)
Lunar L1 Orbits Accessible from Earth, LEO, Moon
Short Transfers: Hours to 7 Days Solution: Human Service from Lunar L1 Gateway Moon Lunar
Lander LTV Lunar L1 Gateway TPF Earth L2 Missions Figure based on Condon and Pearson [2001]
Use InterPlanetary Superhighway : Use InterPlanetary Superhighway Interplanetary Superhighway: Low Energy Portals & Tunnels Generated by Lagrange Points
Portals = Halo Orbits! Tunnels = Invariant Manifolds
Earth-Moon IPS Interchange : Earth-Moon IPS Interchange Easy Return of S/C from L2 to
Lunar L1/L2 Orbit
Lunar Capture Orbit
Earth Return Orbit
Potential for Human Servicing & Replacements
Staging for Interplanetary Launch
Construction of Lunar L1 Transfer Orbit : Construction of Lunar L1 Transfer Orbit TRAJECTORIES FROM SUN-EARTH EXTERIOR REGION TRAJECTORIES FROM SUN-EARTH INTERIOR REGION ON CURVE ARE TRANSFERS TO A LUNAR L1 ORBIT WITHIN CURVE ARE ALL EARTH TO LUNAR CAPTURE ORBITS ON ENERGY SUFACE A CROSS SECTION OF THE SUN-EARTH AND EARTH-MOON IPS PARTITIONS THE ORBITAL DESIGN SPACE INTO CLASSES
Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer Build Instruments & S/C at Lunar L1 Station
Transfer S/C from LL1 Station to Earth-L2 LIO
LIO = Libration Orbit
Service S/C at Earth L2 LIO from LL1 Gateway Hub .
L1 .
Lunar L2 .
Earth
L2 Lunar Rotating Frame Earth Rotating Frame Lunar
Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer
Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer
Deployment and Servicing of Earth L2 Missions at Lunar L1 Gateway Station : Deployment and Servicing of Earth L2 Missions at Lunar L1 Gateway Station
Near Earth Asteroids: Armageddon Or Opportunity? : Near Earth Asteroids: Armageddon Or Opportunity?
Bring Near-Earth Asteroids to Lunar L1 Using IPS : Bring Near-Earth Asteroids to Lunar L1 Using IPS Asteroid mining – using space resources
Semiconducting and precious metals
Construction materials for large space structures
for tourism, zero-g manufacturing, solar power generation
Ref: Sercel, Ross, Parker, McDaniel, Voss [2002]
Human Rendezvous with Mars : Human Rendezvous with Mars
Conclusion : Conclusion InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)
Natural paths connecting solar system
Arises from dynamics in three-body problem
Applications to Space Mission Design
Petit Grand Tour of Jovian moons
“Shoot the Moon”: cheap capture into lunar orbit
Lunar L1 Gateway Station
Low cost to many destinations
Transportation hub
Construction & repair of Earth L2 spacecraft
Bring near-Earth asteroid to Lunar L1 using IPS
Build large structures, tourism?
References and Further Information : References and Further Information For more information, see the website: www.cds.caltech.edu/~shane
Papers
Lo, Ross [2001] The Lunar L1 Gateway: Portal to the Stars and Beyond. AIAA Space 2001 Conference, Albequerque, New Mexico, USA, 28-30 August.
Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2001] Low Energy Transfer to the Moon. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 81(1-2), 63-73.
Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2002] Constructing a low energy transfer between Jovian moons, Contemporary Mathematics 292, 124-129.
Gomez, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Masdemont, Ross [2001] Invariant Manifolds and Material Transport in the Solar System. AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Quebec City, Canada, 3 July – 2 August (Paper AAS 01-301).
Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2000] Heteroclinic Connections between Periodic Orbits and Resonance Transitions in Celestial Mechanics. Chaos 10(2), 427-469.
Upcoming Conference (June 10-14) : Upcoming Conference (June 10-14) What Is the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)?
IPS and Its Relations to
Space Missions
Dynamics of the Solar System
Development of Life
The Near Earth Object Problem
Atomic Physics
Roadmap for the Development of IPS
The Role of Modern Mathematics
LTool/Conference/Lagrange Group lagrange@maia.ub.es
http://europa.ieec.fcr.es/libpoint/main.html