surrey apr22

Slide1: 

22 April 2002 Shane Ross Surrey Astrodynamics Workshop Lunar Orbit LL1 Lunar Orbit Halo Orbit at Lunar L1 Lunar Gateway Module Control & Dynamical Systems California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 91125, USA shane@cds.caltech.edu The Lunar L1 Gateway: Portal to the Planets

Acknowledgements: 

Acknowledgements J. Marsden, W.S. Koon (Caltech) M. Lo, L. Romans, G. Hockney, B. Barden, M-K. Chung, R. Wilson, J. Evans, P. Chodas (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) G. Gomez, J. Masdemont (Barcelona) A. Barr, K. Museth, C. Koenig, M. Montague (Caltech) S. Thrasher, C. Thomas, J. Turpin (Caltech) J. Sercel, M. Parker, R. McDaniel, L. Voss (Caltech) G. Condon, D. Pearson (Johnson Space Center) K. Howell, B. Marchand (Purdue) And the work of many others: H. Poincare, J. Moser, C. Conley, R. McGehee, R. Farquhar, J. Llibre, R. Martinez, C. Simo, S. Wiggins

Themes: 

Themes Transport in the Solar System Via the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS) Three Body Problem Material Transport in Celestial Mechanics Applications to Space Mission Design Lunar L1 Gateway Station Low cost to many destinations Transportation hub Construction & repair facility Possible commercial uses

Why Study Transport Via the IPS?: 

Why Study Transport Via the IPS? Planetary Science Transport of material between planets Comet, asteroid impacts Extend Human Presence in Space Low energy transport to/from gateway stations Capture and mining of near-Earth asteroids

Outline: 

Outline The InterPlanetary Superhighway Tubes connecting the solar system Transport in the Solar System eg, Jupiter comets New Mission Concepts Petit Grand Tour of Jovian moons Lunar L1 Gateway station Human servicing of libration missions from lunar L1 Potential commercial uses Rendezvous with Mars, A Human Mission

Halo Orbit Transfer and Insertion ViaThe InterPlanetary Superhighway: 

Halo Orbit Transfer and Insertion Via The InterPlanetary Superhighway

Lagrange Points in Near-Earth Space: 

Lagrange Points in Near-Earth Space Every 3 Body System Has 5 Lagrange Points Earth-Moon-S/C: LL1, LL2, … LL5 Sun-Earth-S/C: EL1, EL2, … Generate the InterPlanetary Superhighway near Earth

Orbital Zoology Near Lagrange Points: 

Orbital Zoology Near Lagrange Points Four Families of Orbits (Conley [1968], McGehee [1969]) Periodic Orbit (Planar Lyapunov) Spiral Asymptotic Orbit (Stable Manifold Pictured) Transit Orbits (MUST PASS THRU PERIODIC ORBIT) Non-Transit Orbits (May Transit After Several Revolutions) S: Sun Region J: Jupiter Region X: Exterior Region (Outside Jupiter’s Orbit) X S J

Why Dynamical Systems Theory?: 

Why Dynamical Systems Theory? Traditional Approach Requires First Hand Numerical Knowledge of Phase Space Each Trajectory Must Be Computed Manually By Hand (Slow) Optimization Nearly Impossible Dynamical Systems Provides Theory Software: Automatic Generation of Trajectories Software: Automatically Maps Out Phase Space Structures Near Optimum Trajectory Automated Parametric Studies & Monte Carlo Simulations ISEE3/ICE Orbit Genesis Unstable Manifold

Using Poincare Sections: 

Using Poincare Sections Invariant Manifold Structures in High Dimensions (>3) Cross Sections (Poincare) Reduce the Dimensions by 1 Periodic Orbits Become Finite Number of Points Chaotic Orbits Cover Large Portions of Phase Space Reveals Resonance Structure of Phase Space Orbits . . . .

Tunneling Through Phase Space: 

Tunneling Through Phase Space Cross Section of Tube Intersection Partitions Global Behavior Yellow Region Tunnels Through from X Through J to S Regions Green Circle: J to S Region, Red Circle: X to J Region Genesis-Type Trajectory Between L2 and L1 Halo Orbits (Heteroclinic)

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control: 

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control Inertial Frame Is Unrevealing Rotating Frame Shows Pattern Oterma follows a homoclinic- heteroclinic chain Chaotic orbit

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control: 

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control: 

Comet Oterma Under Jupiter IPS Control

Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision: 

Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision

Simulation of SL9 Collision: 

Simulation of SL9 Collision Tubes intersect planets Compare SL9 orbit (below) to computed orbit of similar energy (right) SL9 orbit (ref: Chodas) SL9–like orbit (ref: Thrasher) Close-Up

IPS & Transport in the Solar System: 

IPS & Transport in the Solar System Legend  L1 IPS Orbits  L2 IPS Orbits  Comets  Asteroids  Kuiper Belt Objects Poincare Section of the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)

Fast Transport from Kuiper to Asteroid Belt: 

Fast Transport from Kuiper to Asteroid Belt Only 250 years Origin of Jupiter Comets Replenish Asteroid Belt Escape from Solar System Suggests New Low Thrust Algorithm? Kuiper to Asteroid Belt (ref: Lo, Thomas, Turpin)

Slide19: 

Similar path can be constructed for a new mission concept: the Petit Grand Tour Serial low energy captures, transfers between moons Near circular transfer orbits avoid Jupiter radiation Available at all outer planets Petit Grand Tour of Jovian Moons

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions: 

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions Petit Grand Tour May Be Useful to Europa Missions Possible oceans, life? Propellant Savings Transfer DV ~ 0.5 Hohmann Ref: Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2002] Faster Trajectory Design

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions: 

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions New Understanding of 3D Transport Provides Systematic Design of High Inclination Low Energy Capture into Europa Orbit Gomez, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Masdemont, Ross [2001]

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions: 

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions: 

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions: 

Jovian Superhighways and Europa Missions

Fuel Usage Drastically Reduced: 

Fuel Usage Drastically Reduced New computation (Ross, 2002) Serial visits to Galilean moons, final Europa capture Total Delta-V ~ 20 m/s! 1500 days transfer time (can be greatly reduced)

Transport Along Energy Surface: 

Transport Along Energy Surface E G C Curves of constant 3-body energy within each system Spacecraft path Spacecraft jumping between resonances on the way to Europa Semimajor axis (aEuropa = 1) Eccentricity

Jumping Between Resonances on an Energy Surface: 

Jumping Between Resonances on an Energy Surface Poincare section revealing resonances on the way to Europa

Lunar L1 Gateway Station: 

Lunar L1 Gateway Station

Future Constellations & Formation Flight Near Sun-Earth L2: 

Future Constellations & Formation Flight Near Sun-Earth L2 TPF Formation Ref: Lo, Masdemont, et al. [2001] Ref: Howell, Barden, et al. [2001]

Problem:Human Service to Libration Point Missions: 

Problem: Human Service to Libration Point Missions 3 Month Transfers to Earth L2 Too Long for Humans Short Transfers Too Costly, Difficult Infrastructure Too Expensive Take Smaller Step from LEO STA-103 astronauts repairing the Hubble Space Telescope TPF @Earth L2

Solution:Human Service from Lunar L1 Gateway: 

Send S/C Between Lunar L1 Gateway Hub and Earth L2 via the Interplanetary Superhighway 50 m/s energy difference btwn LL1 (Lunar) and EL2 (Earth) Lunar L1 Orbits Accessible from Earth, LEO, Moon Short Transfers: Hours to 7 Days Solution: Human Service from Lunar L1 Gateway Moon Lunar Lander LTV Lunar L1 Gateway TPF Earth L2 Missions Figure based on Condon and Pearson [2001]

Use InterPlanetary Superhighway: 

Use InterPlanetary Superhighway Interplanetary Superhighway: Low Energy Portals & Tunnels Generated by Lagrange Points Portals = Halo Orbits! Tunnels = Invariant Manifolds

Earth-Moon IPS Interchange: 

Earth-Moon IPS Interchange Easy Return of S/C from L2 to Lunar L1/L2 Orbit Lunar Capture Orbit Earth Return Orbit Potential for Human Servicing & Replacements Staging for Interplanetary Launch

Construction of Lunar L1 Transfer Orbit: 

Construction of Lunar L1 Transfer Orbit TRAJECTORIES FROM SUN-EARTH EXTERIOR REGION TRAJECTORIES FROM SUN-EARTH INTERIOR REGION ON CURVE ARE TRANSFERS TO A LUNAR L1 ORBIT WITHIN CURVE ARE ALL EARTH TO LUNAR CAPTURE ORBITS ON ENERGY SUFACE A CROSS SECTION OF THE SUN-EARTH AND EARTH-MOON IPS PARTITIONS THE ORBITAL DESIGN SPACE INTO CLASSES

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : 

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer Build Instruments & S/C at Lunar L1 Station Transfer S/C from LL1 Station to Earth-L2 LIO LIO = Libration Orbit Service S/C at Earth L2 LIO from LL1 Gateway Hub . L1 . Lunar L2 . Earth L2 Lunar Rotating Frame Earth Rotating Frame Lunar

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : 

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer : 

Lunar L1 to Earth L2 Orbit Transfer

Deployment and Servicing of Earth L2 Missions at Lunar L1 Gateway Station: 

Deployment and Servicing of Earth L2 Missions at Lunar L1 Gateway Station

Near Earth Asteroids: Armageddon Or Opportunity?: 

Near Earth Asteroids: Armageddon Or Opportunity?

Bring Near-Earth Asteroids to Lunar L1 Using IPS: 

Bring Near-Earth Asteroids to Lunar L1 Using IPS Asteroid mining – using space resources Semiconducting and precious metals Construction materials for large space structures for tourism, zero-g manufacturing, solar power generation Ref: Sercel, Ross, Parker, McDaniel, Voss [2002]

Human Rendezvous with Mars: 

Human Rendezvous with Mars

Conclusion: 

Conclusion InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS) Natural paths connecting solar system Arises from dynamics in three-body problem Applications to Space Mission Design Petit Grand Tour of Jovian moons “Shoot the Moon”: cheap capture into lunar orbit Lunar L1 Gateway Station Low cost to many destinations Transportation hub Construction & repair of Earth L2 spacecraft Bring near-Earth asteroid to Lunar L1 using IPS Build large structures, tourism?

References and Further Information: 

References and Further Information For more information, see the website: www.cds.caltech.edu/~shane Papers Lo, Ross [2001] The Lunar L1 Gateway: Portal to the Stars and Beyond. AIAA Space 2001 Conference, Albequerque, New Mexico, USA, 28-30 August. Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2001] Low Energy Transfer to the Moon. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 81(1-2), 63-73. Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2002] Constructing a low energy transfer between Jovian moons, Contemporary Mathematics 292, 124-129. Gomez, Koon, Lo, Marsden, Masdemont, Ross [2001] Invariant Manifolds and Material Transport in the Solar System. AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Quebec City, Canada, 3 July – 2 August (Paper AAS 01-301). Koon, Lo, Marsden, Ross [2000] Heteroclinic Connections between Periodic Orbits and Resonance Transitions in Celestial Mechanics. Chaos 10(2), 427-469.

Upcoming Conference (June 10-14): 

Upcoming Conference (June 10-14) What Is the InterPlanetary Superhighway (IPS)? IPS and Its Relations to Space Missions Dynamics of the Solar System Development of Life The Near Earth Object Problem Atomic Physics Roadmap for the Development of IPS The Role of Modern Mathematics LTool/Conference/Lagrange Group lagrange@maia.ub.es http://europa.ieec.fcr.es/libpoint/main.html