jmsc 6049 hiv in reporting public health

Slide1: 

The many angles of HIV/AIDS JMSC 6049 Reporting public health 2 April 2007

Slide2: 

www.pbs.org www.unaids.org www.nih.gov

Slide3: 

QUESTION ONE: Have you ever come across a person with known HIV positive status before? (tick all that apply) A. I have never come face to face with an HIV patient B. I have friend(s) / relative(s)/colleague(s) who is/are HIV positive C. I have interviewed HIV patient(s) as part of my work D. I have worked as volunteer in partnership with HIV+ individuals in AIDS organisations

Slide4: 

QUESTION TWO: List the following places in order of severity for their HIV situation, in term of prevalence, beginning with the most serious (1 for most severe, followed by 2, 3, and then 4) China – Thailand – Sub-Sahara Africa – USA

Slide5: 

QUESTION THREE: What do you think is the most likely number of people living with HIV infection in Hong Kong as of today? A. <5,000 B. 5,000 – 9,999 C. 10,000 – 49,999 D. 50,000 – 99,999 E. 100,000 or above

Slide6: 

QUESTION FOUR: Which of the followings best describe your impression of the HIV situation in China? A. It is very serious today and the potential for further growth is high B. It is very serious today, but is being under better control C. It is not serious today, but would become serious very soon D. It is not serious today, and would remain so in the years to come E. It is not serious today, and would be become a even milder problem in future

Slide7: 

http://www.projinf.org/fs/ccr5.html

Slide8: 

Sex Needle-sharing in injection drug users Mother-to-child transmission Natural history Impacts of medical intervention Clinical impacts Public health and societal impacts

Slide9: 

Price cut secured for second-line drugs Black americans hard hit by HIV/AIDS WHO misses goal but makes treatment gains The benefits of treatment Once-a-day pill International AIDS Conference CDC revises testing guidelines Global epidemic continues to grow Circumcision trials halted Health workers sentenced to death by Libyan court 3 million years of life had been saved in the United States due to the use of antiretroviral therapy a Libyan court convicted five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor of intentionally infecting hundreds of Libyan children with HIV and sentenced them to death. An earlier death sentence had been overturned by the Libyan Supreme Court, which ordered a retrial in a lower court. The six medical workers were accused of infecting 426 children through contaminated blood products at a hospital in Benghazi. Top 10 HIV/AIDS Stories 2006 www.amfar.org

Slide10: 

Is the virus changing? A scientific angle

Slide11: 

Ten different epidemic patterns have been observed, as indicated by the different colors. www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/aids Implications Difficulty in vaccine development An additional tool to track infections

Slide12: 

Hemelaar: AIDS, Volume 20(16).October 24, 2006.W13–W23

Slide13: 

Adult film industry outbreak contact and transmission map, Los Angeles County, California, 2004 Taylor MM. Epidemiologic Investigation of a Cluster of Workplace HIV Infections in the Adult Film Industry: Los Angeles, California, 2004. CID2007;44(2):301-305

Slide14: 

Afterall ……. Eradication is not possible Infectivity positively associated with virus load Portal of entry (route) needed for infection to occur Little (but present) role for variation in immune response or genetics Applies to all subtypes and CRF

Slide15: 

Is there anything new with treatment A medical angle

Slide16: 

HAART = combination therapy = cocktail treatment Treatment with standard HAART is quite effective in suppressing virus load to undetectable level and improving immunity HAART normally the use of means three drugs from two groups New classes of drugs are being invented, on the same principles. The new challenge is NOT so much another breakthrough, but an optimisation of current therapy

Slide17: 

WHO. Towards universal access by 2010 http://www.who.int/hiv/en/

Slide18: 

Towards Universal Access by 2010

Slide19: 

The top 10 causes of death http://www.who.int

Slide20: 

Implications of new policy ? A China angle

Slide21: 

Wu Z et al. Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet 2007;369: 679–90 Reported HIV cases by province, 1985–2005

Slide22: 

Wu Z et al. Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet 2007;369: 679–90 Reported HIV/AIDS cases by year, 1985–2005

Slide23: 

The “Four Frees and One Care” policy 四免一關懷政策 FOUR FREES Free Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT); Free ARV drugs to AIDS patients who are rural residents or people with financial difficulties living in urban areas; Free ARV drugs to HIV infected pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child transmission, and HIV testing of newborn babies; Free schooling for children orphaned by AIDS; ONE CARE Care and economic assistance to the households of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Slide24: 

Wu Z et al. Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet 2007;369: 679–90 Important events in China's HIV/AIDS policy development, 1985–2006

Slide25: 

Wu Z et al. Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet 2007;369: 679–90 Chinese central government spending on HIV/AIDS by year, 1985–2005

Slide26: 

EXAMPLES OF QUESTIONS FROM DIFFERENT ANGLES What has Hong Kong contributed? Has USA, as a superpower, contributed to HIV prevention and control? What have international organisations, for example, UN or WHO, done to control the epidemic and provide care to people living with HIV/AIDS? What has been the major scientific discovery on HIV so far? HIV cuts across disciplines