solarsystem

Slide1 : In this multimedial work we will show you a view of the Solar System and its elements(planets, asteroids, comets)…


KEPLER : KEPLER


REMEMBER : REMEMBER


KEPLER’S LAWS : KEPLER’S LAWS Though originally stated to describe the motion of planets around the sun, also apply to comets. LAW 1: The orbit of a planet/comet about the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun's center of mass at one focus This is the equation for an ellipse:                 


First law : First law


planet : planet


Second law : Second law A line joining a planet/comet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time


exemple : exemple


Third law : Third law The squares of the periods of the planets are proportional to the cubes of their semimajor axes: Ta2 / Tb2 = Ra3 / Rb3 .Square of any planet's orbital period (sidereal) is proportional to cube of its mean distance (semi-major axis) from Sun exemple: T = kR3/2 , where T = sideral period, and R = semi-major axis Example - If a is measured in astronomical units (AU = semi-major axis of Earth's orbit) and sidereal period in years (Earth's sidereal period), then the constant k in mathematical expression for Kepler's third law is equal to 1, and the mathematical relation becomes T2 = R3


EXEMPLE : EXEMPLE


. : .


Slide14 : The moon is the second brightest object in the sky, after the Sun.


Slide15 : The first landing was on July 20,1969.


Slide16 : The moon has no atmosphere.But there may be water ice in some deep ceaters near the Moon’s south pole.


Slide17 : Diameter:1,390,000 km. Mass: 1,890e30 kg Temperature: 5800K(surface) 15,600,000 K (core) Sun,at present,is about 70%hydrogen and 28%helium by mass everything else(“metals”) amounts to less than 2%. This changes as the Sun convers hydroigen to helium in it’s core.


Slide18 : An eclipse of the Sun (or solar eclipse) can only occur at New Moon when the Moon passes between Earth and Sun. If the Moon's shadow happens to fall upon Earth's surface at that time, we see some portion of the Sun's disk covered or 'eclipsed' by the Moon. As a result, the Moon's shadow usually misses Earth as it passes above or below our planet at New Moon. At least twice a year, the geometry lines up just right so that some part of the Moon's shadow falls on Earth's surface and an eclipse of the Sun is seen from that region. The Moon's shadow actually has two parts: Penumbra - Faint outer shadow; partial eclipses are seen from within this shadow. Umbra- Dark inner shadow; total eclipses are seen from within this shadow.


Slide21 : Unlike the other small bodies in the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. There are Chinese records of Comet Halley going back to at least 240 BC. The famous Bayeux Tapestry, which commemorates the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, depicts an apparition of Comet Halley.


Slide23 : Thousands asteroids are discovered each year.There are undoubedtly 100 of thousands more that are too small to be seen from the Earth.There are 26 known asteroids larger than 200 km in diametre


Slide24 : The coldest most distant place known in the solar system; possibly the first object in the long-hypothesized Oort cloud.On 15 March 2004, astronomers from Caltech, Gemini Observatory, and Yale University announced the discovery of the coldest, most distant object known to orbit the sun. The object was found at a distance 90 times greater than that from the sun to the earth -- about 3 times further than Pluto, the most distant known planet.


Slide25 : Oort cloud (sometimes called the Öpik-Oort Cloud) is a postulated spherical cloud of comets situated about 50,000 to 100,000 AU from the sun (approximately 1000 times the distance from the Sun to Pluto.In 1932 Ernst Öpik, an Estonian astronomer, proposed that comets originate in an orbiting cloud situated at the outermost edge of the solar system.


Slide26 : The Kuiper Belt is a region of space along the ecliptic outside the orbit of Neptune. It contains countless comets and "super comets" or planetesimals. It's existance was predicted in 1951 by Gerald Kuiper, for whom the belt was named. Starting in March 1992, and in rapid succession thereafter, a series of icy planetesimals, or "super comets" have been discovered orbiting the sun beyond Neptune.


Slide27 : The Hubble Space Telescope orbits far above the distorting effect of atmosphere,about 600 km above the Earth.Astronomers use Hubble’s scientific instruments as their electronic eye.


Slide28 : The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft opened new vistas in space by greatly expanding our knowledge of Jupiter and Saturn.


Slide29 : Orbiters Launch: August 20, 1975 (Viking 1); September 9, 1975 (Viking 2) Arrival: June 19, 1976 (Viking 1); August 7, 1976 (Viking 2) Mass: 2,325 kilograms (5,125 pounds) with fuel Science instruments: High-resolution Camera, Atmospheric Water-vapor Mapper, Surface Heat Mapper, Occultation Experiment Rover Mass: 10.6 kilograms (23 pounds) Science instruments: Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer, three Cameras (also technology experiments) Spacecraft Launch: December 4, 1996 Landing: July 4, 1997 Mass: 895 kilograms (1,973 pounds) at launch, fueled Science instruments: Imager; Magnets for measuring magnetic properties of soil; Wind socks; Atmospheric structure instrument/meteorology package


Slide30 : Spacecraft Launch: June-July 2003 Arrival: January 2004 Science instruments: Panoramic Camera, Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer, Mössbauer Spectrometer, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, Microscopic Imager Spacecraft Launch: April 7, 2001 Arrival: October 24, 2001 Mass: 758 kilograms (1,671 pounds), fueled Science instruments: Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS), Mars Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE)


Slide31 : Spacecraft Launch: August, 2005 Arrival: March, 2006 Mass: less than 2180 kilograms ( 4806 pounds), fueled Science instruments: High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), Context Camera(CTX), Mars Color Imager (MARCI), Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), Mars Climate Sounder (MCS), Shallow Radar (SHARAD) NASA proposes to develop and to launch a roving long-range, long-duration science laboratory that will be a major leap in surface measurements and pave the way for a future sample return mission. NASA is studying options to launch this mobile science laboratory mission as early as 2009. This capability will also demonstrate the technology for "smart landers" with accurate landing and hazard avoidance in order to reach what may be very promising but difficult-to-reach scientific sites.


Slide32 : On July 1, 2004 the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft will fire its main engine to reduce its speed, allowing the spacecraft to be captured by Saturn's gravity and enter orbit .


Slide33 : We choose to explore space because doing so improves our lives, and lifts our national spirit. So let us continue the journey. May God bless.


Slide34 : www.gqgallery.co.uk/images/comets.jpg www.nineplanets.org www.nasda.gp.jp www.jpl.nasa.gov www.pdastro.com www.public.asn.edu www.guildsoftware.com www.allthesky.com www.solstation.com www.astro.ysc.go.jp


Slide35 : www.space.odyssey.de/voyager.htm www.cnn.com/specials/cassini/missions/ www.vectorsite.net www.astronomy.youtreach.net/news.d/ www.quest.arc.nasa.go www.solarviews.com/eng/asteroids.htm www.encke.jpl.nasa.gov www.solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/ www.voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/interstellar www.esa.int/SPECIALS/cassini-huygens/ www.mars.jpl.nasa.gov/missions www.whitehouse.gow/news/releases


Slide36 : De Cristofano Luisa Ippolito Raffaella Mangone Ylenia Martino Roberta Palumbo Marianna Perozziello Francesca Margaret Sbrescia Raffaella