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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Book Four: Book Four College English 山东师范大学大学外语教育学院Unit One: Unit One Leisure ActivitiesUnit One: Unit One Slide4: Task 1: Leisure activities Task 2: Laughter Task 3: Humor Part One: Listening and Speaking Activities Slide5: Task 1 Leisure Activities — The variety of leisure activities Leisure activities can help to relax. Work in groups to make a list of the things you do for fun in your leisure time. Choose 3 items as the most popular ones.Slide6: Playing tennis, playing table tennis, playing football, playing basketball, going swimming, going skating, watching DVDs, playing computer games, listening to music, going to the pub, collecting coins and stamps, reading novels, going to a concert, going to theatres and museums, going shopping, playing cards Task 1Slide7: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明杰克也变傻。 People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness. 找不出时间娱乐的人迟早会被迫找出时间生病。 Rest is sauce to labor. 休息是劳动的调味品。 Task 1 Leisure Activities — SayingsSlide8: Task 2 Laughter - Crosstalk Laughter is a great medicine. Almost all of us like jokes, appreciate humor, enjoy talk shows, cross-talk or sketches, Now work in groups to discuss why cross-talk is popular in China.Slide9: Task 3 Humor - The Composition Class The students in the composition class were assigned the task of writing an essay on " the most beautiful thing I ever saw." The student who, of all the members of the class seemed the least sensitive to beauty, handed in his paper first with astonishing speed. It was short and to the point. He had written: "The most beautiful thing I ever saw was too beautiful for words."Slide10: Task 3 “A Bad Writing” - Father and Son Click here:fs2.swf HumorSlide11: Part Two: In-Class Reading Entertaining Humor—What’s Funny?Reading Questions: Reading QuestionsSlide13: Work in pairs to answer the following questions. Several students enjoyed his joke so much that they fell out of their chairs laughing, but the rest of the students showed no interests and they looked as if he’d just read the weather report. How did the students respond when the author told a joke in a class? SampleSlide14: Yes. Some animals have a sense of humor just as human beings do. For example, the author’s dog, Blitzen, used to tease the author’s mother-in-law by selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. When Grandma got up from the chair to get the slipper from Blitzen, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, occupying grandma’s seat. Then he smiled at her, which seemed to mean that he had fooled Grandma again. Do animals have a sense of humor? Can you give an example? SampleSlide15: What are the common types of humor mentioned in the text? Which types do you like better? Sample The most common types of humor mentioned in the text are: slap-stick, a play on words, puns and double-entendres. Of all these I personally prefer “slap-stick”, for the language is simple and direct. It often makes fun of another person and appeals to all ages and cultures.Slide16: Do you think humor is an important quality for a person or a key to getting along with others? Please explain your answer. Sample Yes. I think so. I like to be with humorous people because they can make me laugh when I am unhappy. They can change an awkward situation and help people get rid of embarrassment by making everybody laugh. With such people, life becomes more interesting and enjoyable. Therefore humorous people are like sunshine and are very popular with others.Slide17: Text StructureSlide19: Different forms of humor (Para. 6-12) slap-stick Chinese cross-talk a play on words puns double entendres Humor will persist even though some professional humorists think today’s humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. (Para. 13)Slide21: 1. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? (Line 2) 本句为强调句型的疑问句,用于强调句子中的主语。 那么,到底是什么东西使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑呢?2.It has been a labor of love!( line 5 ): 【解析】a labor of love 心甘情愿做的工作 【释义】 You do it because you love it. 【译文】 这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 2.It has been a labor of love!( line 5 )Slide23: 3. Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句,用于强调原因状语。句中it是形式主语, that引导真实主语从句。 句中的两个并列真实主语是several students…和 the rest of the students…两个主语从句。laughing after I tell a joke 是现在分词短语做伴随状语修饰several students。 译 文Slide24: Example 为什么每次我有重要约会时,脸上都会冒出一个很大的青春痘呢? Why is it that every time I have a hot date, I break out with a big zit on my face? 嗯……这个工作最让你感兴趣的方面是什么呢? Hmm, what is it that interests you most about the job? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? How long ago is it that you last saw her?Slide25: Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?4. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. : 4. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. 【解析】just as 正如 【释义】Some people do have more talent than others in some area. 【译文】 有些人比别人更有幽默感,就好像有些人更具有音乐,数学等才能一样。 5.Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair.: 5.Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. 【解析】Even when young = Even when she was young.句中有一个 where 修饰的定语从句。 【释义】Even when Blitzen was young, she always selectively carried one of grandma’s bedroom slippers into the living room to make fun of her when she was sitting in her favorite, comfortable chair. 【译文】布里茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,它就故意叼起一只她卧室里的拖鞋来到起居室。 6. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen.: 6. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. 【译文】它就(故意叼起一只她卧室里的拖鞋来到起居室),并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去,一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来,去拿那拖鞋。 【例句】The books on the top shelf are beyond my reach. 书架顶层的书我够不着。 7. Slap-stick is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct and often makes fun of another person or group.: 7. Slap-stick is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct and often makes fun of another person or group. 【译文】“闹剧”是最明显的幽默。其语言简单,直截了当,常常以取笑他人为乐。 【例句】You must not make fun of people who are physically challenged. 你绝对不能取笑那些身体有残疾的人。 8. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures.: 8. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 【译文】闹剧过去是现在还是滑稽说笑演员和小丑惯用的技巧.它广为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人所喜爱。 【例句】The idea of vacationing abroad appeals to all people. 到国外渡假对每个人都有吸引力。 Slide31: no less(than): quite as…as 和……一样, 不少于,不亚于。 译 文 9. The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. (Line 49) 这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。Slide32: Example 她和从前一样活跃。 She is no less active than she used to be. 一个动物,即使是一只小昆虫,对疼痛的敏感程度也不比人类少。 An animal, even a small insect, is no less sensible to pain than man. 10. The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman.: 10. The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman. 【译文】这个笑话的幽默在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位淑女。也就是说她不是一个高雅的人。 【例句】The beauty of the house lies in its simplicity. 这个房子的美丽在于它的简洁。Slide34: How come: How did it happen ( that ) 为非正式用语,用于询问,意思是“为什么?是怎么回事?”,并表示惊讶。 11. “How come you completely copied somebody else’s homework?” (Line 66) 译文: 你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?Slide35: Example 他第一次去那儿时怎么没有人发现呢? How come nobody found out the first time he went there? 没有自行车的广告,这是怎么回事 ? How come there are no commercials for bicycles? 如果那是事实,为什么那么多聪明人会有笨孩子呢? If that’s true, how come so many smart people have stupid children? 12. …they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. : 12. …they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. 【译文】人们喜爱这些有趣的故事, 是因为他们贴近现实生活, 而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 13. PUNs are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique of similar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word.: 13. PUNs are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique of similar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word. 【译文】双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话. 它所使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。14. “What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses.”: 14. “What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses.” 【译文】“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子底下发生接吻这样的事了。” 【例句】They stole the jewels from under the very noses of the guards. 他们就在警卫的眼皮底下把珠宝偷走了。 Slide40: universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的, 全体的 Karaoke provides universal entertainment. 卡拉OK提供了大众化的娱乐。 Translation SARS and bird flu have once caused universal panic. 非典和禽流感曾经引起过普遍的恐慌。Slide41: 2) true or suitable in every situation 通用的;万能的 a universal instrument 万能仪 a universal meter 通用电表 名词形式: universe 宇宙Slide42: humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默;诙谐 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 中央电视台节目主持人李咏很有幽默感。 CCTV’s host Li Yong ______________________. 他正在写一本幽默小说。 He is writing __________________. a novel full of humor has a great sense of humorSlide43: 词汇扩充 humorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的 humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的 humorist (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默(作)家, 有敏锐幽默感的人 请用 humorous, humorless 或 humorist填空。 Exercise I think actor Guo Donglin is rather _________. humorous We all view his father as a ________. humorist Being _________ is unacceptable in the business talks with American people. humorless Slide44: sense (n.) (Line 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 见识;判断力;领悟(常与of连用) His father has a strong sense of duty. 他的父亲是一个责任感很强的人。 Translation 在儿童时代就培养是非感是相当重要的。 Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is quite important. Slide45: 2) a way in which a person can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能;感官 (如视觉,听觉,嗅觉,味觉及触觉) That agent has a keen sense of hearing. 那位特工(agent)听觉敏锐。 Translation As we know, dogs have a good sense of smell. 如我们所知,狗的嗅觉很灵敏。Slide46: sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told directly 感觉到,觉察到,意识到 She sensed that her suggestions were unwelcome. 她发觉自己的建议不受欢迎。 Translation 奥运冠军郭晶晶能够感受到一些记者的问题并不友 好。 Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters’ questions were not friendly. Slide47: trigger (Line 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 触发,引发,为 (某严重或暴力的事件的)直接原因 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Kashmir issue incessantly _________________ ________ between India and Pakistan. 克什米尔问题不断激起印巴之间的武装冲突。 This incident may ___________________. 这一事件可能会引起连锁反应。 trigger a chain reaction triggers (off) armed conflicts Slide48: (n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm (释放弹簧的)扳柄;(枪的)扳机;引爆器 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise James Bond _______________________________ but failed in the end. 007试图伸手去够引爆器,但没有成功。 ___________________ is made from a particular material. 那把手枪的扳机是由一种特殊材料制作的。 The trigger of that gun tried to reach his hand for the trigger Slide49: focus (n.) (Line 21, Para. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 兴趣,趋势等的中心;焦点 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Many scientists were trying to find _____________ __________. 很多科学家都在全力寻找震源。 Yao Ming’s wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become ______________________ ________. 姚明在NBA的精彩表现使得他成为篮球迷们关 注的焦点。 the focus of basketball fans’ the focus of the attention earthquakeSlide50: (vt & vi.) concentrate 集中;使集中于焦点 You should focus your mind on work. 你应该把精力放在工作上。 Translation 台湾当局应该更多地关注如何改善与祖国大陆的 关系。 The Taiwan authority is supposed to focus more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland. Slide51: mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的, 彼此的 (指感情) 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise __________________________ helped the players of the Chinese women’s volleyball team achieve the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓励帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛 的胜利。 宽恕源于彼此的理解。 Forgiveness is due to ___________________. mutual understanding Mutual support and inspiration Slide52: 2) shared by two or more people 共同的, 共有的 Mutual efforts are the key to success. 共同的努力是成功的关键。 Translation 她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌有着共同的兴趣。 They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsai’s (Cai Yilin) songs. Slide53: tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引诱, 诱惑 常用结构:be tempted to do sth. 某人被诱惑(诱骗)做某事 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise That old man was ___________________________ ________________________. 那个老人正在劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织。 tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organization That boy _____________ become a thief. 那个男孩儿受人诱骗而成了一名小偷。 was tempted to Slide54: 2) try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引, 引起……的兴趣 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise The fine weather and beautiful scenery ____________________. 不错的天气和美丽的景色吸引着我们到户外去。 tempted us to go outsideSlide55: The enterprises and research institutes in Western countries always________________________ with attractive salary and working conditions. 西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优 越的工作条件吸引中国的年轻人才。 tempt Chinese young talents 名词形式:temptation 诱惑物;有诱惑的东西 请完成下面的句子。 ExerciseSlide56: present (adj.) /’preznt/ (Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a particular time 出席的;在场的 Translation 开幕式举行的时候你在场吗? Were you present at the opening ceremony? How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席?Slide57: 请掌握以下常见表达。 现政府 the present government 在目前 at the present time (day) 当前的形势 the present situation 现存的社会制度 the present social system 2) the time that is happening 现在的;现存的(做定语)Slide58: v. /pri’zent/ (1) to give something to someone, esp. at an official ceremony 赠给;献给; 呈递 The students presented flowers to their teacher. 学生们给老师献花。 Translation 她负责向委员会提出申请。 She is responsible for presenting the application to the committee. Slide59: (2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth ) 引起问题或困难 利息下降给公司带来了一个新问题。 Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem. Translation 那位关键队员的突然受伤让主教练感到非常头疼。 That key player’s sudden injury presented the head coach with a big headache. (n.) /’preznt/ gift 礼物;赠品Slide60: technique (Line 43, Para. 7) (n.) (a) skill in doing something practical, artistic, or connected with sport 技巧,方法 Translation If you want to learn to paint, I suggest you study Raphael’s techniques. 如果你想学习绘画的话,我建议你去学习拉菲尔的绘画技巧。 她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的演奏技巧。 She is working with her new piano teacher to improve her technique. Slide61: 词义辨析 technology (n.) the branch of knowledge or activity dealing with scientific and industrial methods and their practical use in industry (科学和工业的技术) chemical technology 化学工艺学 science and technology 科学和技术 the manned space technology 载人航天技术 TranslationSlide62: value (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) regard highly; have a high opinion of 看重 ;重视 Translation 对于健康和财富,你更看重哪一个? Which do you value most, wealth or health? I’ve always valued your friendship/their suggestions. 我很珍惜你的友情/重视他们的建议。 Slide63: (2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估……的价格;评价 The necklace has been valued at $8000. 这条项链被估价为8000美元。 Translation If you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued. 如果你想卖掉你的汽车,你应该找人为它估个价。 Slide64: 词义辨析 valueless (adj.) without value; worthless 无价值的;无用的 valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大价值的;贵重的;很有用的 invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 价值高到无法估量的; 无价的Slide65: Exercise Her words proved __________ for me to complete my task successfully. invaluable The metal looked like gold, but in fact it was _________. valueless Talking with him is a waste of my ________ time. valuable 请用 valueless , valuable或 invaluable填空。Slide66: variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 变更, 变化, 变异, 变种 Translation 我们必须密切注意速度的变化。 We must keep a close watch at the variations in speed. 澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个变种。 The Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English. Slide67: variety (n.) difference in quantity, type, or character 多样化,指一类当中的多样或多 种(常用结构 a variety of=various 各 种各样的;种种) 我们应该尽量使我们的表演变得丰富多彩。 We should try to give variety to our performance. Translation 在那个展览会上可以看到各种各样的钻石制品。 A variety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition. 词义辨析Slide68: variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size变数, 可变物, 变量 由于诸多变数的存在,很难预测选举的结果。 There are too many variables to predict the result of the election. Translation 比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多因素。 The victory of the match depends on a number of variables, such as the weather. Slide69: Exercise The result of the match relies on lots of ________. variables There was a _______ of dishes on the menu. variety The ________ of temperature today is 10 degrees. variation 请用 variation , variety或 variable填空。Slide70: clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清;阐明 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise They asked for ________________ of the statements of the company. 他们要求得到关于公司声明的进一步的解释。 further clarification That newspaper _________________ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家报纸在其头版澄清了对于那种药效的错误的声明。 printed clarifications Slide71: clarify (v.) make something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清;阐明;使……明白 It is the policemen’s responsibility to clarify matters. 澄清真相是警察的责任。 Translation You are supposed to clarify your stand at the meeting. 你必须在会上阐明自己的立场。 Slide72: persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 继续存在 高山顶上,积雪终年不化。 On the top of very high mountains snow persists throughout a year. Translation 雾还有几天才能散,所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。 Fog will persist for several days, so drivers are warned to be careful. Slide73: (2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition 坚持; 执意 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 如果你的弟弟继续制造麻烦,公司就不得不解雇他。 If your brother ______________________, the company may have to dismiss him. persists in causing trouble The US president George. W. Bush _________ _________________ to Iraq. 美国总统布什坚持派更多军队前往伊拉克。 persists in sending more troops Slide74: persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 坚持;固执;持续;存留 他表现出很大的毅力,最终他们不得不给了他那份 工作。 He showed such persistence that they finally had to give him a job. Translation 他们终于同意继续谈判,这是他坚持不懈的结果。 His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions. Slide75: 形容词形式:persistent adj. persisting, continuing, occurring again and again 坚持的;固执的;持续的;一再发生的 词义辨析 insist 和 persist 这两个动词短语都有“坚持”的意思,它们之间的区 别是: 1)insist“坚决主张”或“要求”,指坚持自己的 观点不容拒绝或反对;( 如果后接宾语从句要用 虚拟语气) persist 则指不顾别人的劝告、反对、 或 “不 畏困难继续做某事”和“继续存在”的意思。 2)后边搭配的介词不同 (insist on; persist in)Slide76: Exercise The cold weather will _______ for the rest of the week. persist She always _________ the importance of being punctual (严格守时的,准时的). insists on I _______ he come with us. insisted 请用 insist 或 persist 填空。 Mary __________ singing although her friends asked her not to. persisted in Slide78: It has been a labor of love. I fooled you again. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent. 这出于自己的喜好。 你又上了我的当。 有些人比别人更有幽默感,就像有些人更有音乐天赋一样。 It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。Slide79: Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to radio and television. 几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式讲过下面这个笑话。 无论是在乡村的舞台上,还是在北京最大的剧院里,或是在广播、电视上, 随处都能听到相声。Slide80: Ding Cong is a master of word play. 丁聪是位调皮话大师。 I don’t think humor is to be blamed for that. 我认为这不是幽默的过错。Slide81: 处理英语长句的翻译技巧 注意英语长句的特点 注意汉语长句的特点 翻译英语长句的步骤分析---前提与原则 翻译英语长句的步骤安排 Part Three: Translating ActivitiesSlide82: 处理英语长句的翻译技巧 注意英语长句的特点 由于连词、冠词、介词等功能词的作用以及各种非谓语动词、谓语动词和代表不同逻辑关系的从句等结构形式的存在,使英语长句的特点表现为修饰语多,联合成份多,结构复杂,但是表达效果条理清晰,脉络分明。 例如: We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. 我们面临着一种选择:要么利用技术来提供并满足一直被视为并无必要的各种需求,要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时数。 Slide83: 注意汉语长句的特点 汉语长句字数较多,结构较复杂,含有多层意思。但是由于倾向于短句的使用,所以通过合理的安排,在表达效果上也能做到层次清楚,含义清晰,语气连贯。例如: 你们将要进行考察的这座城市,曾经是闻名世界的四大文明古城之一。摆在你们面前的印刷品,会使你们对该城市有个基本概念:它如何形成;从初具雏形它就带着何种与生俱来的发展趋势;而这些趋势又如何使它在建筑风格上形成今天这种格局。 You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated, which had once been one of the world’s four famous civilized cities and into which an investigation is going to be made; of what developmental trends were built into it, as it were, from the very outset; and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.Slide84: 翻译英语长句的步骤分析---前提与原则 英译汉长句之间的转换在于分清原文的句子结构和所表达的概念、关系与功能。根据具体的分析结果,结合汉语表达的句式、关键连词与合理的逻辑顺序,通过一定的翻译技巧将原文译出。 分清主次:重点在于找准简单句的主干、 并列句的侧重点及复合句的关系性质。 把握语态:将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。 遵循英语长句翻译的两个分析原则:Slide85: 翻译英语长句的步骤安排 紧缩主干 2. 区分主从 3. 辨析词义 4. 分清层次 5. 调整搭配 6. 润饰选词 以下介绍几种常见的翻译技巧,但是由于翻译长句是一种难度较高的综合技能,因此在实际翻译过程中,往往几种方式同时使用。 顺译分段法 2. 拆译法 3. 倒置法 4. 插入法 5. 重组法 在以后的单元里将对这几种方法进行详细的介绍。 Slide86: Part Four: 写作实践 How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time Slide87: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time. In your composition, you should use at least six words or phrases from the box below:Slide88: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time When we take a look at leisure activities of college students, we find the popularity of pastimes varies according to personality, gender, and financial situations. Some students like to spend their leisure time pursuing their hobbies indoors. Others look for outdoor relaxation, even taking part in such adventurous activities as rock climbing or bungee jumping. Slide90: English proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” After recreational activities, students usually will feel relaxed, more refreshed, and ready to start stressful school work.Slide91: However, for some students, learning is a full-time job, and they even invest their leisure time studying. They like to bury their heads in piles of books, ignoring everything else. They have a sense of achievement from reading novels, working on papers, preparing for tough tests such as the Graduate Entrance Exam, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT or IELTS. Though these students have no time for entertainment, they believe spending leisure time studying is a pleasure of mind.Thanks for Your Attention!: Thanks for Your Attention! You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Book Four: Book Four College English 山东师范大学大学外语教育学院Unit One: Unit One Leisure ActivitiesUnit One: Unit One Slide4: Task 1: Leisure activities Task 2: Laughter Task 3: Humor Part One: Listening and Speaking Activities Slide5: Task 1 Leisure Activities — The variety of leisure activities Leisure activities can help to relax. Work in groups to make a list of the things you do for fun in your leisure time. Choose 3 items as the most popular ones.Slide6: Playing tennis, playing table tennis, playing football, playing basketball, going swimming, going skating, watching DVDs, playing computer games, listening to music, going to the pub, collecting coins and stamps, reading novels, going to a concert, going to theatres and museums, going shopping, playing cards Task 1Slide7: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明杰克也变傻。 People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness. 找不出时间娱乐的人迟早会被迫找出时间生病。 Rest is sauce to labor. 休息是劳动的调味品。 Task 1 Leisure Activities — SayingsSlide8: Task 2 Laughter - Crosstalk Laughter is a great medicine. Almost all of us like jokes, appreciate humor, enjoy talk shows, cross-talk or sketches, Now work in groups to discuss why cross-talk is popular in China.Slide9: Task 3 Humor - The Composition Class The students in the composition class were assigned the task of writing an essay on " the most beautiful thing I ever saw." The student who, of all the members of the class seemed the least sensitive to beauty, handed in his paper first with astonishing speed. It was short and to the point. He had written: "The most beautiful thing I ever saw was too beautiful for words."Slide10: Task 3 “A Bad Writing” - Father and Son Click here:fs2.swf HumorSlide11: Part Two: In-Class Reading Entertaining Humor—What’s Funny?Reading Questions: Reading QuestionsSlide13: Work in pairs to answer the following questions. Several students enjoyed his joke so much that they fell out of their chairs laughing, but the rest of the students showed no interests and they looked as if he’d just read the weather report. How did the students respond when the author told a joke in a class? SampleSlide14: Yes. Some animals have a sense of humor just as human beings do. For example, the author’s dog, Blitzen, used to tease the author’s mother-in-law by selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. When Grandma got up from the chair to get the slipper from Blitzen, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, occupying grandma’s seat. Then he smiled at her, which seemed to mean that he had fooled Grandma again. Do animals have a sense of humor? Can you give an example? SampleSlide15: What are the common types of humor mentioned in the text? Which types do you like better? Sample The most common types of humor mentioned in the text are: slap-stick, a play on words, puns and double-entendres. Of all these I personally prefer “slap-stick”, for the language is simple and direct. It often makes fun of another person and appeals to all ages and cultures.Slide16: Do you think humor is an important quality for a person or a key to getting along with others? Please explain your answer. Sample Yes. I think so. I like to be with humorous people because they can make me laugh when I am unhappy. They can change an awkward situation and help people get rid of embarrassment by making everybody laugh. With such people, life becomes more interesting and enjoyable. Therefore humorous people are like sunshine and are very popular with others.Slide17: Text StructureSlide19: Different forms of humor (Para. 6-12) slap-stick Chinese cross-talk a play on words puns double entendres Humor will persist even though some professional humorists think today’s humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. (Para. 13)Slide21: 1. But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? (Line 2) 本句为强调句型的疑问句,用于强调句子中的主语。 那么,到底是什么东西使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑呢?2.It has been a labor of love!( line 5 ): 【解析】a labor of love 心甘情愿做的工作 【释义】 You do it because you love it. 【译文】 这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。 2.It has been a labor of love!( line 5 )Slide23: 3. Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句,用于强调原因状语。句中it是形式主语, that引导真实主语从句。 句中的两个并列真实主语是several students…和 the rest of the students…两个主语从句。laughing after I tell a joke 是现在分词短语做伴随状语修饰several students。 译 文Slide24: Example 为什么每次我有重要约会时,脸上都会冒出一个很大的青春痘呢? Why is it that every time I have a hot date, I break out with a big zit on my face? 嗯……这个工作最让你感兴趣的方面是什么呢? Hmm, what is it that interests you most about the job? 你上一次看见她是多久以前的事? How long ago is it that you last saw her?Slide25: Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report? (Line 10) 为什么听我讲完一个笑话后,班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合,而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢?4. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. : 4. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent, mathematical talent etc. than others. 【解析】just as 正如 【释义】Some people do have more talent than others in some area. 【译文】 有些人比别人更有幽默感,就好像有些人更具有音乐,数学等才能一样。 5.Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair.: 5.Even when young, Blitzen would tease Grandma by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. 【解析】Even when young = Even when she was young.句中有一个 where 修饰的定语从句。 【释义】Even when Blitzen was young, she always selectively carried one of grandma’s bedroom slippers into the living room to make fun of her when she was sitting in her favorite, comfortable chair. 【译文】布里茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母。当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,它就故意叼起一只她卧室里的拖鞋来到起居室。 6. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen.: 6. Blitzen pranced just beyond the reach of Grandma until Grandma was tempted to leave her chair to get the slipper from Blitzen. 【译文】它就(故意叼起一只她卧室里的拖鞋来到起居室),并在外祖母刚好够不到的地方蹦来跳去,一直逗到外祖母忍不住站起来,去拿那拖鞋。 【例句】The books on the top shelf are beyond my reach. 书架顶层的书我够不着。 7. Slap-stick is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct and often makes fun of another person or group.: 7. Slap-stick is the most obvious humor. Its language is simple, direct and often makes fun of another person or group. 【译文】“闹剧”是最明显的幽默。其语言简单,直截了当,常常以取笑他人为乐。 【例句】You must not make fun of people who are physically challenged. 你绝对不能取笑那些身体有残疾的人。 8. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures.: 8. Slap-stick was and is the technique of the stand-up comedian and the clown. It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 【译文】闹剧过去是现在还是滑稽说笑演员和小丑惯用的技巧.它广为不同年龄、不同文化背景的人所喜爱。 【例句】The idea of vacationing abroad appeals to all people. 到国外渡假对每个人都有吸引力。 Slide31: no less(than): quite as…as 和……一样, 不少于,不亚于。 译 文 9. The joke is no less funny because it is so often used. (Line 49) 这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。Slide32: Example 她和从前一样活跃。 She is no less active than she used to be. 一个动物,即使是一只小昆虫,对疼痛的敏感程度也不比人类少。 An animal, even a small insect, is no less sensible to pain than man. 10. The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman.: 10. The humor lies in the fact that the second man is saying that his wife is not a lady. In other words, she is not a refined woman. 【译文】这个笑话的幽默在于第二位男士说他的妻子不是一位淑女。也就是说她不是一个高雅的人。 【例句】The beauty of the house lies in its simplicity. 这个房子的美丽在于它的简洁。Slide34: How come: How did it happen ( that ) 为非正式用语,用于询问,意思是“为什么?是怎么回事?”,并表示惊讶。 11. “How come you completely copied somebody else’s homework?” (Line 66) 译文: 你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业?Slide35: Example 他第一次去那儿时怎么没有人发现呢? How come nobody found out the first time he went there? 没有自行车的广告,这是怎么回事 ? How come there are no commercials for bicycles? 如果那是事实,为什么那么多聪明人会有笨孩子呢? If that’s true, how come so many smart people have stupid children? 12. …they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. : 12. …they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny. 【译文】人们喜爱这些有趣的故事, 是因为他们贴近现实生活, 而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。 13. PUNs are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique of similar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word.: 13. PUNs are even more subtle forms of word play. They use the technique of similar sounding words or alternative meanings of the same word. 【译文】双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话. 它所使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。14. “What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses.”: 14. “What I mean to say is that there will be no more kissing going on under our noses.” 【译文】“我的意思是不能再在我们的鼻子底下发生接吻这样的事了。” 【例句】They stole the jewels from under the very noses of the guards. 他们就在警卫的眼皮底下把珠宝偷走了。 Slide40: universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的, 全体的 Karaoke provides universal entertainment. 卡拉OK提供了大众化的娱乐。 Translation SARS and bird flu have once caused universal panic. 非典和禽流感曾经引起过普遍的恐慌。Slide41: 2) true or suitable in every situation 通用的;万能的 a universal instrument 万能仪 a universal meter 通用电表 名词形式: universe 宇宙Slide42: humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默;诙谐 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 中央电视台节目主持人李咏很有幽默感。 CCTV’s host Li Yong ______________________. 他正在写一本幽默小说。 He is writing __________________. a novel full of humor has a great sense of humorSlide43: 词汇扩充 humorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的 humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的 humorist (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默(作)家, 有敏锐幽默感的人 请用 humorous, humorless 或 humorist填空。 Exercise I think actor Guo Donglin is rather _________. humorous We all view his father as a ________. humorist Being _________ is unacceptable in the business talks with American people. humorless Slide44: sense (n.) (Line 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 见识;判断力;领悟(常与of连用) His father has a strong sense of duty. 他的父亲是一个责任感很强的人。 Translation 在儿童时代就培养是非感是相当重要的。 Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is quite important. Slide45: 2) a way in which a person can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能;感官 (如视觉,听觉,嗅觉,味觉及触觉) That agent has a keen sense of hearing. 那位特工(agent)听觉敏锐。 Translation As we know, dogs have a good sense of smell. 如我们所知,狗的嗅觉很灵敏。Slide46: sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told directly 感觉到,觉察到,意识到 She sensed that her suggestions were unwelcome. 她发觉自己的建议不受欢迎。 Translation 奥运冠军郭晶晶能够感受到一些记者的问题并不友 好。 Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters’ questions were not friendly. Slide47: trigger (Line 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 触发,引发,为 (某严重或暴力的事件的)直接原因 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Kashmir issue incessantly _________________ ________ between India and Pakistan. 克什米尔问题不断激起印巴之间的武装冲突。 This incident may ___________________. 这一事件可能会引起连锁反应。 trigger a chain reaction triggers (off) armed conflicts Slide48: (n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm (释放弹簧的)扳柄;(枪的)扳机;引爆器 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise James Bond _______________________________ but failed in the end. 007试图伸手去够引爆器,但没有成功。 ___________________ is made from a particular material. 那把手枪的扳机是由一种特殊材料制作的。 The trigger of that gun tried to reach his hand for the trigger Slide49: focus (n.) (Line 21, Para. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 兴趣,趋势等的中心;焦点 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Many scientists were trying to find _____________ __________. 很多科学家都在全力寻找震源。 Yao Ming’s wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become ______________________ ________. 姚明在NBA的精彩表现使得他成为篮球迷们关 注的焦点。 the focus of basketball fans’ the focus of the attention earthquakeSlide50: (vt & vi.) concentrate 集中;使集中于焦点 You should focus your mind on work. 你应该把精力放在工作上。 Translation 台湾当局应该更多地关注如何改善与祖国大陆的 关系。 The Taiwan authority is supposed to focus more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland. Slide51: mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的, 彼此的 (指感情) 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise __________________________ helped the players of the Chinese women’s volleyball team achieve the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓励帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛 的胜利。 宽恕源于彼此的理解。 Forgiveness is due to ___________________. mutual understanding Mutual support and inspiration Slide52: 2) shared by two or more people 共同的, 共有的 Mutual efforts are the key to success. 共同的努力是成功的关键。 Translation 她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌有着共同的兴趣。 They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsai’s (Cai Yilin) songs. Slide53: tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引诱, 诱惑 常用结构:be tempted to do sth. 某人被诱惑(诱骗)做某事 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise That old man was ___________________________ ________________________. 那个老人正在劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织。 tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organization That boy _____________ become a thief. 那个男孩儿受人诱骗而成了一名小偷。 was tempted to Slide54: 2) try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive 吸引, 引起……的兴趣 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise The fine weather and beautiful scenery ____________________. 不错的天气和美丽的景色吸引着我们到户外去。 tempted us to go outsideSlide55: The enterprises and research institutes in Western countries always________________________ with attractive salary and working conditions. 西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优 越的工作条件吸引中国的年轻人才。 tempt Chinese young talents 名词形式:temptation 诱惑物;有诱惑的东西 请完成下面的句子。 ExerciseSlide56: present (adj.) /’preznt/ (Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a particular time 出席的;在场的 Translation 开幕式举行的时候你在场吗? Were you present at the opening ceremony? How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席?Slide57: 请掌握以下常见表达。 现政府 the present government 在目前 at the present time (day) 当前的形势 the present situation 现存的社会制度 the present social system 2) the time that is happening 现在的;现存的(做定语)Slide58: v. /pri’zent/ (1) to give something to someone, esp. at an official ceremony 赠给;献给; 呈递 The students presented flowers to their teacher. 学生们给老师献花。 Translation 她负责向委员会提出申请。 She is responsible for presenting the application to the committee. Slide59: (2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth ) 引起问题或困难 利息下降给公司带来了一个新问题。 Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem. Translation 那位关键队员的突然受伤让主教练感到非常头疼。 That key player’s sudden injury presented the head coach with a big headache. (n.) /’preznt/ gift 礼物;赠品Slide60: technique (Line 43, Para. 7) (n.) (a) skill in doing something practical, artistic, or connected with sport 技巧,方法 Translation If you want to learn to paint, I suggest you study Raphael’s techniques. 如果你想学习绘画的话,我建议你去学习拉菲尔的绘画技巧。 她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的演奏技巧。 She is working with her new piano teacher to improve her technique. Slide61: 词义辨析 technology (n.) the branch of knowledge or activity dealing with scientific and industrial methods and their practical use in industry (科学和工业的技术) chemical technology 化学工艺学 science and technology 科学和技术 the manned space technology 载人航天技术 TranslationSlide62: value (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) regard highly; have a high opinion of 看重 ;重视 Translation 对于健康和财富,你更看重哪一个? Which do you value most, wealth or health? I’ve always valued your friendship/their suggestions. 我很珍惜你的友情/重视他们的建议。 Slide63: (2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估……的价格;评价 The necklace has been valued at $8000. 这条项链被估价为8000美元。 Translation If you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued. 如果你想卖掉你的汽车,你应该找人为它估个价。 Slide64: 词义辨析 valueless (adj.) without value; worthless 无价值的;无用的 valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大价值的;贵重的;很有用的 invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 价值高到无法估量的; 无价的Slide65: Exercise Her words proved __________ for me to complete my task successfully. invaluable The metal looked like gold, but in fact it was _________. valueless Talking with him is a waste of my ________ time. valuable 请用 valueless , valuable或 invaluable填空。Slide66: variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 变更, 变化, 变异, 变种 Translation 我们必须密切注意速度的变化。 We must keep a close watch at the variations in speed. 澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个变种。 The Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English. Slide67: variety (n.) difference in quantity, type, or character 多样化,指一类当中的多样或多 种(常用结构 a variety of=various 各 种各样的;种种) 我们应该尽量使我们的表演变得丰富多彩。 We should try to give variety to our performance. Translation 在那个展览会上可以看到各种各样的钻石制品。 A variety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition. 词义辨析Slide68: variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size变数, 可变物, 变量 由于诸多变数的存在,很难预测选举的结果。 There are too many variables to predict the result of the election. Translation 比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多因素。 The victory of the match depends on a number of variables, such as the weather. Slide69: Exercise The result of the match relies on lots of ________. variables There was a _______ of dishes on the menu. variety The ________ of temperature today is 10 degrees. variation 请用 variation , variety或 variable填空。Slide70: clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清;阐明 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise They asked for ________________ of the statements of the company. 他们要求得到关于公司声明的进一步的解释。 further clarification That newspaper _________________ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家报纸在其头版澄清了对于那种药效的错误的声明。 printed clarifications Slide71: clarify (v.) make something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清;阐明;使……明白 It is the policemen’s responsibility to clarify matters. 澄清真相是警察的责任。 Translation You are supposed to clarify your stand at the meeting. 你必须在会上阐明自己的立场。 Slide72: persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 继续存在 高山顶上,积雪终年不化。 On the top of very high mountains snow persists throughout a year. Translation 雾还有几天才能散,所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。 Fog will persist for several days, so drivers are warned to be careful. Slide73: (2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition 坚持; 执意 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 如果你的弟弟继续制造麻烦,公司就不得不解雇他。 If your brother ______________________, the company may have to dismiss him. persists in causing trouble The US president George. W. Bush _________ _________________ to Iraq. 美国总统布什坚持派更多军队前往伊拉克。 persists in sending more troops Slide74: persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 坚持;固执;持续;存留 他表现出很大的毅力,最终他们不得不给了他那份 工作。 He showed such persistence that they finally had to give him a job. Translation 他们终于同意继续谈判,这是他坚持不懈的结果。 His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions. Slide75: 形容词形式:persistent adj. persisting, continuing, occurring again and again 坚持的;固执的;持续的;一再发生的 词义辨析 insist 和 persist 这两个动词短语都有“坚持”的意思,它们之间的区 别是: 1)insist“坚决主张”或“要求”,指坚持自己的 观点不容拒绝或反对;( 如果后接宾语从句要用 虚拟语气) persist 则指不顾别人的劝告、反对、 或 “不 畏困难继续做某事”和“继续存在”的意思。 2)后边搭配的介词不同 (insist on; persist in)Slide76: Exercise The cold weather will _______ for the rest of the week. persist She always _________ the importance of being punctual (严格守时的,准时的). insists on I _______ he come with us. insisted 请用 insist 或 persist 填空。 Mary __________ singing although her friends asked her not to. persisted in Slide78: It has been a labor of love. I fooled you again. Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent. 这出于自己的喜好。 你又上了我的当。 有些人比别人更有幽默感,就像有些人更有音乐天赋一样。 It appeals to all ages and all cultures. 它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。Slide79: Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another. Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to radio and television. 几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式讲过下面这个笑话。 无论是在乡村的舞台上,还是在北京最大的剧院里,或是在广播、电视上, 随处都能听到相声。Slide80: Ding Cong is a master of word play. 丁聪是位调皮话大师。 I don’t think humor is to be blamed for that. 我认为这不是幽默的过错。Slide81: 处理英语长句的翻译技巧 注意英语长句的特点 注意汉语长句的特点 翻译英语长句的步骤分析---前提与原则 翻译英语长句的步骤安排 Part Three: Translating ActivitiesSlide82: 处理英语长句的翻译技巧 注意英语长句的特点 由于连词、冠词、介词等功能词的作用以及各种非谓语动词、谓语动词和代表不同逻辑关系的从句等结构形式的存在,使英语长句的特点表现为修饰语多,联合成份多,结构复杂,但是表达效果条理清晰,脉络分明。 例如: We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living. 我们面临着一种选择:要么利用技术来提供并满足一直被视为并无必要的各种需求,要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时数。 Slide83: 注意汉语长句的特点 汉语长句字数较多,结构较复杂,含有多层意思。但是由于倾向于短句的使用,所以通过合理的安排,在表达效果上也能做到层次清楚,含义清晰,语气连贯。例如: 你们将要进行考察的这座城市,曾经是闻名世界的四大文明古城之一。摆在你们面前的印刷品,会使你们对该城市有个基本概念:它如何形成;从初具雏形它就带着何种与生俱来的发展趋势;而这些趋势又如何使它在建筑风格上形成今天这种格局。 You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated, which had once been one of the world’s four famous civilized cities and into which an investigation is going to be made; of what developmental trends were built into it, as it were, from the very outset; and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.Slide84: 翻译英语长句的步骤分析---前提与原则 英译汉长句之间的转换在于分清原文的句子结构和所表达的概念、关系与功能。根据具体的分析结果,结合汉语表达的句式、关键连词与合理的逻辑顺序,通过一定的翻译技巧将原文译出。 分清主次:重点在于找准简单句的主干、 并列句的侧重点及复合句的关系性质。 把握语态:将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。 遵循英语长句翻译的两个分析原则:Slide85: 翻译英语长句的步骤安排 紧缩主干 2. 区分主从 3. 辨析词义 4. 分清层次 5. 调整搭配 6. 润饰选词 以下介绍几种常见的翻译技巧,但是由于翻译长句是一种难度较高的综合技能,因此在实际翻译过程中,往往几种方式同时使用。 顺译分段法 2. 拆译法 3. 倒置法 4. 插入法 5. 重组法 在以后的单元里将对这几种方法进行详细的介绍。 Slide86: Part Four: 写作实践 How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time Slide87: Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time. In your composition, you should use at least six words or phrases from the box below:Slide88: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time When we take a look at leisure activities of college students, we find the popularity of pastimes varies according to personality, gender, and financial situations. Some students like to spend their leisure time pursuing their hobbies indoors. Others look for outdoor relaxation, even taking part in such adventurous activities as rock climbing or bungee jumping. Slide90: English proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” After recreational activities, students usually will feel relaxed, more refreshed, and ready to start stressful school work.Slide91: However, for some students, learning is a full-time job, and they even invest their leisure time studying. They like to bury their heads in piles of books, ignoring everything else. They have a sense of achievement from reading novels, working on papers, preparing for tough tests such as the Graduate Entrance Exam, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT or IELTS. Though these students have no time for entertainment, they believe spending leisure time studying is a pleasure of mind.Thanks for Your Attention!: Thanks for Your Attention!