Slide1: POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY Dr.C.D.Mayee.
Slide2: The Promise of Ag Biotechnology
Global Adoption and the Future
The Benefits of Ag Biotechnology
Summary and Conclusions Agenda
Slide3: The Promise of Ag Biotechnology Growing more food in a
“Sustainable” way Today the tools and info of Biotech are providing NEW opportunities for science and society to better understand plant genetics. We have just started applying this knowledge for the benefit of our environment and population.
Slide4: Global Population Growth Sources: United Nations Population Division and Population Reference Bureau
Slide5: Population Growth Unevenly Distributed 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.2 1990 2020 UN regional forecast
Billions of people 5.6 8.1 Developed countries Latin America West Asia and North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia East Asia Today:
2 billion people lack reliable access to food
800 million people today are chronically malnourished
300 million of these are children
Slide6: Population and Income Growth will Fuel Increased Food Demand Increased food demand matrix Caloric shift to meat products High Medium Low Population X income growth Year 2020
Demand +75% Population growth +45%
Increased meat consumption +30%
Shift to “healthy” and specialized foods Low Medium High 61% 88% 147% 51% 76%
Base Case 100% 39% 61% 88% Projection (75%) Source: IFPRI, FAO In India, the gains
from the “Green
Revolution” are
getting saturated
Slide7: Ag Biotechnology has the potential… To significantly contribute towards
Poverty alleviation
Rural Development
Strengthened trade and economic competitiveness
Agricultural sustainability and
Nutritionally improved food availability
While delivering direct benefits to the farmers and consumers
Slide8: Revolution in Agriculture Underway Today's agricultural sector Information availability (precision agriculture) Increasing demand, especially outside the U.S. Biotechnology
Grower consolidation Effects of discontinuities Declining government subsidies Larger, sophisticated growers
Higher yields
Value shift from chemicals to seeds
Differentiated crops
Integration of industry participants:
- Seed
- Chemicals
- Biotechnology
- Food ingredients
- Food processing
New relationships with growers
Slide9: 1800’s
Mendel’s Pea,
Darwin’s Species, Pasteur’s Microbes 1950-1980
Watson & Crick, Gene Sequencing
& Green Revolution 1900-1950
Antibiotic Microbes, Plant Breeding 6000BC
Fermented Beverages & Leavening of Bread Biotechnology Builds on Centuries of Science * Photo credit: AAAS, ARS, Nature 2001
Human Genome
& Golden Rice 1980 – 2000
Biotech Crops
& Human Insulin Biotechnology is a collection of scientific tools used to enhance plants, animals, and microorganisms for the benefit of humans
Slide10: Global Adoption and the Future
Slide11: Source : ISAAA, 1999, 2000, 2001 Biotech planted area has grown > 30 fold since 1996 introduction
The number of countries planting biotech crops reached 13
Biotech acreage share:
GLOBAL U.S.
Soybean 46% 74%
Cotton 20% 76%
Canola 11% 67%
Corn 7% 27%
2002 USDA biotech report indicates 13% US increase
other crops canola cotton corn soybean 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 130 Ma Acres 5.5 million farmers planted biotech crops in 2001
(more than 75% of them from resource poor nations) The Global Adoption of Biotech Crops has Been Rapid
Slide12: Global Regulatory Progress Significant advancement in regulatory arena:
Science policy is shaping
Regulatory approvals in 33 countries including EU
Approvals for field trials in 51 countries
Biotech acceptance is growing through extensive:
Scientific networks
Technical Publications
Academic studies demonstrating environmental, farmer and consumer benefits • • Actively granting approvals • Pre-commercial field trials Commercialization delayed 2002 Global Regulatory Situation
Slide13: A Glimpse into the Future Today, researchers are working on higher yielding
strains of staple crops; food with enhanced nutrition; plants and produce that lasts longer and are resistant to devastating virus; crops that are more hardier; etc
Slide14: Industry Follows Both Development Paths Functional
Genomics Germplasm Structural
Genomics Learn what
genes do Identify Genes Crop
Varieties with Good Genes Transgenic
Development Breeding
Enhancement New Traits & Markets Better Varieties, Faster Genomics Engine
Slide15: Genomics leads are advancing Screen Yield
Photosynthesis
Seed development
Plant form
Nutrient utilization
Harvest ability Nutrient Utilization (More Root Hairs) Control + Gene A Photosynthesis (More Biomass) Target Pest Quality Yield Stress Stress
Heat tolerance
Cold tolerance
Drought tolerance
Nutrient conversion Environmental Stress (Drought Stress) Control + Gene C
Slide16: Quality Traits Target Consumer Benefits and Downstream Partners Consumer Needs
Taste
Convenience
Health
Choice
Price
Slide17: The Benefits of Ag Biotechnology A Global View
Bt Cotton in
India
Slide18: Biotech Growth has Been Driven by Farmer Benefits Increase grain & fiber yield (quantity)
Decreased operating costs (economics)
Enhanced water conservation (contill)
Reduced soil erosion (2 tons/year/acre)
Decreased pesticide spraying (exposure) Additional Net Return/Ha*
HT SOYBEAN $ 30
HT CANOLA $ 39
BT CORN $ 67
BT COTTON $ 133 *Source:
CLIVE JAMES, GLOBAL REVIEW OF COMMERCIALIZED TRANSGENIC CROPS
Moschini, et al., (Sept. 1999) Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station
Slide19: Source: CAST (Council for Agricultural Science & Technology), June 2002. Performance of Biotechnology-derived Crops vs. Traditional Crops Biotech Crops Deliver Unique Environmental Benefits
Slide20: BIOTECH CROPS PRODUCE MORE FOOD ON LESS LAND WITH FEWER INPUTS... Insect Tolerant Cotton Insect Tolerant Potato Less land use
Less Insecticide use , exposure and runoff
Improved Integrated Pest Management
More Yield
More Safety over conventional methods
Slide21: Benefits of Insect Protected Crops Economics and Production
Increased income
Convenience of the System
Potential to have less spray equipments
Better Insect Control
Environmental
Less Pesticide impact
More beneficial/predatory bugs, spiders,insects
Potential to improve water quality
Reduced energy use
For Small Holder Farmers
Macro economic benefit
Economic benefit
Social Benefit
Reduced spraying
Slide22: 1.5 M hectares of Bt cotton in 2001
Net revenues increased by $357-549 USD/hectare in last 3 years of use
Insecticide applications reduced by 59-80% in last 3 years of use
Exposure to pesticides reduced with Bt cotton
Source: Pray, C., Huang, J., Hu, R., Rozelle, S. 2002. Five Years of Bt Cotton in China – The Benefits Continue. The Plant Journal. 31(4): 423-430.
China – Economic, Environmental and Health Benefits of Bt cotton
Slide23: Benefits of Herbicide Tolerant Crops Economics and Production
Increased income
Reduced labour
Convenience and simplicity
Potential to have less spray equipments
Better system of Weed Control
Environmental
Less Pesticide impact
Conservation Tillage
Potential to improve water quality
Reduced energy use
Slide24: TOTAL 14 Billion lb $ 2.5 Billion 163 Million lb ai CURRENT CROPS 4 Billion lb $ 1.5 Billion 46 Million lb ai FUTURE CROPS 10 Billion lb $ 1.0 Billion 117 Million lb ai Yield Increase Net Economics Pesticide Reduction Overall Impact of Biotechnology in Pest Management 40 Case Studies Gianessi et al, 2002. Plant Biotechnology: Current and Potential Impact for Improving Pest Management in US Agriculture.
An Analysis of 40 Case Studies. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy. www.ncfap.org CURRENT AND POTENTIAL IMPACT FOR IMPROVING
PEST MANAGEMENT WITH PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Higher Yields Grower Savings Less Pesticide Use
Slide25: How B.t. cotton can helps Indian farmer Bt cotton provides in built protection to cotton against lepidopteran pests
Can significantly reduce the number of sprays for boll worm therefore reducing farmers costs
Good potential for yield increase
Is completely safe to crop and environment
Fits well into the IPM strategy in India
Peace of Mind
Slide26: Current status of Bt cotton in India 55000 farmers have planted Bt cotton on approx. 1 Lac acres
Three hybrids grown MECH162Bt, MECH184Bt and MECH12Bt
Six states: Maharashtra, AP, MP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu
Good control of bollworm complex observed in Bt cotton v/s non Bt cotton
Early maturity of crop could facilitate one additional crop
In most areas two pickings have been completed
On going interaction with State Government officials, ICAR and other government bodies
Slide27: Summary and Conclusions
Slide28: Biotechnology is a good Ag. option… It is accurate, predictable, faster, scientific and safe
Technology is in “seed”- does not differentiate large and small farmers
Provides significant benefits to all stakeholders: Farmers, Consumers, Government and the Environment
Fits very well with the “IPM” package
Is sustainable
Slide29: Biotech is delivering on its Promise Biotechnology has delivered significant environmental benefits:
- insecticide reduction
- soil conservation and enhanced productivity
- improved water quality
- enhanced sustainability
- promotion of reduced risk herbicides and insecticides - improved feed quality
Many of these benefits are consistent with Biotech’s
primary goals
Biotech Crops have significantly improved farm
competitiveness