SOCIOLOGY THEORY: SOCIOLOGY THEORY Functionalist: Parson’s Model (Institutions exist because they serve some function consistent with the need of society). 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Family 4. Religion


Parson’s Model and The Early Olympic Games: Parson’s Model and The Early Olympic Games Various Games? Dominate Institution? Role of Sport?


Characteristics of Some Social Institutions: Characteristics of Some Social Institutions Family Economy Politics Religion Sport Education


C. Wright Mills: Power Elite: C. Wright Mills: Power Elite Identify FIVE “Powerful” Persons in the world! What is the “common” ground?


Power Elite: Power Elite Power: economic, political, military Interlocking directorates Centralized domains( CEO, Joint Chiefs) Wealth, power and prestige are cumulative


Access to College? The Price Of Admission?: Access to College? The Price Of Admission? Legacy Athletics Development Activities Faculty/ Staff Children


Economic Dominance: Economic Dominance 1. Value things over people 2. Value quantity over quality 3. Value competition over cooperation 4. Value specialization over wholeness 5. Unequal distribution of power 6. Use of conflict to change unequal power relations (war, boycotts)


Political Dominance: Political Dominance 1. Relationship between nationalism and education 2. Inequality in education- social class 3. History and Nationalism important 4.Concern for the character of teachers


Conflict Theory (Dahrendorf,1959): Conflict Theory (Dahrendorf,1959) Society and its’ institutions are not perceived in a beneficial, supportive light by all members of the social system For every belief (or thesis), there is a contrary belief ( anti-thesis). Conflict is inherent between the two From conflict comes compromise Compromise-seed for new conflict


Conflict Theory: Conflict Theory Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat Sport is an opiate Theory is not as popular as Functionalism Sport- distorted form of physical exercise shaped by the needs of a capitalist system of production Job-production-marketing-sales Service workers have little control


Alienation: Alienation Sport services to alienate people from their own bodies Focus on time and output rather than individual standards. Rules destroy freedom of play Commercialized sport reduces athletes to material commodities Sport is a product to be consumed


Social Exchange Theory (after WW11): Social Exchange Theory (after WW11) Service Benefits Network Structure Ties Between People Primary and Secondary “Stars”


Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital (Putman,1995): Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital (Putman,1995) Social capital: Social organizations such as networks, norms, and social trust- cooperation for mutual benefit Civic Engagement: In the past year have you? Attend a public meeting, attend a political party meeting, attend a public speech, served on a community board.


Bowling Alone: Bowling Alone Between 1980-1993 the number of leagues in US has increase by 10%. At the same time, the number of participants have decreased. Solo bowling: Threat to proprietors- beer, pizza sales. Money generated in these two area!!


Bowling Alone: Ties Between Social Connectedness, Civic Engagement and Associational Membership: Bowling Alone: Ties Between Social Connectedness, Civic Engagement and Associational Membership Relationship between social trust and association membership: data support


Coach and Community Ties: Coach and Community Ties Developing Network Structures


Observation of Basketball Players (High School): Observation of Basketball Players (High School) Playground Jr. High Team Intramurals P.E. Classes Summer Camp(s) Community Sport Tryout for Varsity Team


Informed About Basketball Players (High school): Networks: Informed About Basketball Players (High school): Networks Playground Leader Asst. Coach Jr. High Coach Fellow Coach Newspaper Booster Club Telephone Call Present Member of Team


Strong and Weak Network Structures: Strong and Weak Network Structures Strong: Size of school, extensive support systems ( community groups, economical, political, religious, media) Weak: Small schools, few network support systems ( community, media, political, economical)


Geography Of America Sport: Geography Of America Sport


Slide27: Sp. Ill. Dec. 27,2004


Understanding Network Ties: Understanding Network Ties


Marketing: Marketing


Marketing: Marketing


WVU Alumni Networks: WVU Alumni Networks


Summary: Summary Functionalist 1. Social Order based on common values 2. How do social systems continue to operate smoothly? 3. Sport benefits society Conflict 1. Social order based on exploitation 2. How is power distributed? 3. Sport is an opiate-sport lacks elements of play