trends in state goverment

Trends in State Government : Trends in State Government Budgeting from the 1970s to present day


Overview : Overview Historical Climate (1970s to present) Characteristics of State Government Identification of Budgeting Trends What hasn’t changed in 30 years Present Day Budgeting Atmosphere Recommendations for the Future


Historical Climate : Historical Climate Where are we in American History? Nixon and Watergate Reagan Administration and Supply Side Economics Clinton Administration and the 1990s Boom


Historical Climate : Historical Climate Where are we in Budgeting History? Planning Programming Budgeting in the 1960s Carter and Zero-Based Budgeting Rational Budgeting


State Governments Budgeting Characteristics : State Governments Budgeting Characteristics Role of the Governor in Budgeting Process Balanced Budget Often State Government is state’s largest employer States together have budget that is comparable in size to federal budget


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Increase in Technology Increase Role for State Auditors Changing Role of Central Budget Office Increase in Effectiveness and Productivity Measures Reporting Increase Use of Budget Ceilings Effects of TQM Changing Demographics of Budget Professionals


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Technology 1970- 28% of Budgeting done using computers 1990s- 100% of states using computers to budget Information available in various formats All state budget offices have websites


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Increase Role of State Auditors Function of State Auditors Similar to General Accounting Office (GAO)


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Central Budget Office Decrease in analytical role Increasing control of CBO over expenditures


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Increase in Effectiveness and Productivity Measures Increase documentation in budget document More analysis by CBO, Agencies, and Legislature Growth in use of measures in decision making Some decline during 1990s, but overall increase since 1970s


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Budget Ceilings Used to limit spending Governors tactic to control expanding programs Dollar Level Ceilings From 0% in 1970 to 45% in 1990


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 TQM (Total Quality Management) Reinventing Government During Clinton/Gore GASB and SEA Increase Emphasis on Program Effectiveness


Trends Since 1970 : Trends Since 1970 Changing Demographics of Budget Professionals Decrease in business and accounting backgrounds Stabilization of Public Administration Degrees Overall Diversification


What Has Stayed the Same? : What Has Stayed the Same? Price of Government is relatively stable over last 30 years Technology has made it difficult for budgeting to remain a static process


Current Issues That Affect State Budgets : Current Issues That Affect State Budgets Recession and revenue shortfalls September 11th Unsupported federal mandates Rising cost of health care


Recommendations : Recommendations Increase in use of projections by states Continued increase in use of technology Need for accounting systems to better track costs of providing services


Review- Trends in State Budgeting : Review- Trends in State Budgeting History and Role of State Governments Trends of the Past 30 years What has stayed the same? Current issues that affect states’ budgets Recommendations for the future


References : References Boeckelman, K. (1999). The Evolution of State Economic Development Policies: A Budgetary Perspective. Comparative State Politics, 20(6), 3-11. Coe, C. (2003). Usefully Engaging Local Budget Analysts during Budget Execution. State and Local Government Review, 35(1), 48-56. Lee, RD (1991). Developments in State Budgeting: Trends of Two Decades. Public Administration Review, 51(3), 254-262. Lee, RD (1997). A Quarter Century of State Budgeting Practices. Public Administration Review, 57(2), 133-140. Lynch, T. and Smith, R. (2004). Public Budgeting in America. Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey. Osborne, D. and Hutchinson, P. (2003). Budgeting in Tough Times: The Three Decisions and Nine Strategies. Spectrum: The Journal of State Government, 76(3), 18-22. Willoughby, K. (2003). State Revenue Choices and Gubernatorial Initiatives. Spectrum: The Journal of State Government, 76(3), 14-17. www.cbpp.org –Center on Budget and Policy Priorities www.csg.org –Council of State Governments www.state.la.us/opb/index.htm --Louisiana Office of Planning and Budget www.nasbo.org-- National Association of State Budget Officers www.nga.gov-- National Governors Association www.performanceweb.org –The Performance Institute http://www.ripolicyanalysis.org/StateBudgetProcesses.pdf