logging in or signing up Back Safety Teobaldo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1618 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: March 07, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: vinay760 (8 month(s) ago) Nice one, kindly mail it on my ID vinay760in@indiatimes.com, Thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gmacomics (14 month(s) ago) kindly send to gmacomics07@yahoo.com if its ok with you. big thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... 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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: Ergonomics: Back Injuries Dana Root, MS, PT, CPE OSHA Region V, Ergonomics Coordinator dana.root@dol.gov 414-297-3315 Slide2: Comparison of Total Injury and Illness Cases Involving Days Away from Work to MSD Cases Involving Days Away from Work, 1999-2004 Percentage of Total Cases that are MSD cases Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Department of Labor Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Median Days Away 1999 7 days 2000 7 days 2001 8 days 2002 9 days 2003 10 days 2004 10 days Injuries and Illnesses (Thousands) 34% 35% 34% 34% 33% 32%Slide3: Direct Costs of Ergonomic Injuries 2005 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index Top 10 workplace injuries 1. Overexertion 26.4% of all injuries $13.4 BILLION nation-wide 6. Repetitive motion injuries 5.9% of all injuries $3.0 BILLION nation-wide Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Direct Costs of Injuries: Direct Costs of Injuries Top cause of serious workplace injuries Overexertion 34% Excessive exertion Lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, holding, carrying, throwing Repetitive motion 13.5% Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Overexertion Injuries: Overexertion Injuries Preferred safety intervention Better training 16.6% Better equipment and workspace 7.4% Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Overexertion and Low Back Pain: Overexertion and Low Back Pain Overexertion is the most common cause of back injuries Muscle strains and sprains Force is the most important risk factor Job physical factors Non-occupational risk factors may increase risk Individual issues Psychosocial issues Overexertion Injury Claims: Low Back Pain: Overexertion Injury Claims: Low Back Pain 67% involve lifting 20% involve pushing/pulling 87% are related to materials handlingPoint You in the Right Direction: Point You in the Right Direction So, why is this important?: So, why is this important?Third Class Lever: Elbow: Third Class Lever: Elbow 20# AFm AFm * MAm = W * MAw MAw = 14” MAm = 2” Slide20: AFm = 20# * 14” / 2” = 140 poundsHuman Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage: Human Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage Gains: range of motion speed of movement Compressive force at the elbow 20 pounds + 140 pounds = 120 poundsThird Class Lever: Low Back: Third Class Lever: Low Back 20# MAw =25” MAm = 2” AFm AFm * MAm = W * MAw AFm = 20# * 25” / 2” = 250#Example: Example Weight = 50 pounds MAw = 12 inches Body wt. = 100 pounds MAbw = 8 inches AFm = ? MAm = 2 inchesAFm * MAm = W * MAw + BW * MAbw: AFm * MAm = W * MAw + BW * MAbw AFm = (50# * 12”) + (100# * 8”) / 2” = 1400/2 = 700 pounds ExampleWith Body Weight Without Body Weight: With Body Weight Without Body Weight Applied Force 700 pounds 300 pounds Compressive Force 700 + 100 + 50 = 850pounds 300 + 50 = 350 pounds Body Weight is Primary Compressive Force: Body Weight is Primary Compressive Force NIOSH recommended limit is Fc 770# Back muscles generate force if too much can cause injury Most of compressive force comes from body weight If load Muscles create compressive forces on the spineHuman Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage: Human Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage Gains: range of motion speed of movement Compressive force at the elbow 20 pounds + 140 pounds = 120 pounds6 Task Variables: 6 Task Variables Horizontal Distance Vertical Location Vertical Travel Distance Asymmetrical Angle Coupling Frequency 6 Task Variables: 6 Task Variables Horizontal Position of Load Most significant influencing factor Affects compressive forces on the L5S1 disc Distance the hands are away form the mid-point between the anklesRWL = Recommended Weight Limit: RWL = Recommended Weight Limit Load constant = 51 pounds RWL = LC * HM * VM * DM * AM * FM * CMLifting Index: Lifting Index Relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated with the lifting task LI = Load weight / RWL Lifting is the same as lowering Lifting & Lowering: Control Options: Lifting & Lowering: Control Options Body mechanics options If lift correctly can lift just about anything > NO Compression Strength Energy expenditure Assumption: can bring load close to the body Strongest position with hands between knees Moment arm small when hands by crotch Lifting & Lowering: Control Options: Lifting & Lowering: Control Options Engineering options Weight of object Knuckle and shoulder height Distance away from body: horizontal location Origin/destination of lift Slid, push, pull Pushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Type of wheels Types of bearings Type of surface Slope of surface Handle heightPushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Pulling force Flex spine Back muscles contracting > ⇑ compressive forcesPushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Pushing force Abdominal muscles are more active Less compressive forcePushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Control options Keep forces low Initial and peak Handle height between hip and shoulder Large wheels To ⇓ friction Slip resistant shoes Good housekeeping Good steering mechanism Incline surfaces < 2 Energy Expenditure: Energy Expenditure Aerobic activities Produce whole body fatigue Fast paced: lifting, lowering, walking, climbing Repetitive lifting > overexertion injury Factors affecting aerobic capacity Gender Age Physical fitness Nature of work Whole bodyEnergy Expenditure: Control Options: Energy Expenditure: Control Options Effect of the workload Lifts versus trips Fatigue versus spinal compression Lifting technique Efficiency Amount of work Endurance Work pace Heavier object Heavier body weight Lift versus lower Lower less energy Carrying location Center of gravityHave We Accomplished Our Goal?: Have We Accomplished Our Goal? What Is the Goal? Send Every Worker Home at the End of the Day in the Same Condition As When They Came to Work Slide42: Ergonomics: Free Resources www.osha.gov www.cdc.gov/niosh www.nsc.org www.hfes.org www.ergoweb.com www.dir.ca.gov www.lni.wa.gov Slide43: Ergonomics: More Free Resources NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs, #97-117 Easy Ergonomics: A Practical Approach for Improving the Workplace Phone: 800-963-9424 Slide44: ALWAYS THINK SAFETY BEFORE LIFTING A HEAVY LOAD You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Back Safety Teobaldo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1618 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: March 07, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: vinay760 (8 month(s) ago) Nice one, kindly mail it on my ID vinay760in@indiatimes.com, Thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gmacomics (14 month(s) ago) kindly send to gmacomics07@yahoo.com if its ok with you. big thanks! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: gmacomics (14 month(s) ago) requesting for this presentation please. thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Muaad_2004 (27 month(s) ago) good ... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: imransez99 (35 month(s) ago) cool ppt Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: Ergonomics: Back Injuries Dana Root, MS, PT, CPE OSHA Region V, Ergonomics Coordinator dana.root@dol.gov 414-297-3315 Slide2: Comparison of Total Injury and Illness Cases Involving Days Away from Work to MSD Cases Involving Days Away from Work, 1999-2004 Percentage of Total Cases that are MSD cases Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Department of Labor Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Median Days Away 1999 7 days 2000 7 days 2001 8 days 2002 9 days 2003 10 days 2004 10 days Injuries and Illnesses (Thousands) 34% 35% 34% 34% 33% 32%Slide3: Direct Costs of Ergonomic Injuries 2005 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index Top 10 workplace injuries 1. Overexertion 26.4% of all injuries $13.4 BILLION nation-wide 6. Repetitive motion injuries 5.9% of all injuries $3.0 BILLION nation-wide Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Direct Costs of Injuries: Direct Costs of Injuries Top cause of serious workplace injuries Overexertion 34% Excessive exertion Lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, holding, carrying, throwing Repetitive motion 13.5% Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Overexertion Injuries: Overexertion Injuries Preferred safety intervention Better training 16.6% Better equipment and workspace 7.4% Source: Liberty Mutual Research Institute Annual Workplace Safety Index 2005Overexertion and Low Back Pain: Overexertion and Low Back Pain Overexertion is the most common cause of back injuries Muscle strains and sprains Force is the most important risk factor Job physical factors Non-occupational risk factors may increase risk Individual issues Psychosocial issues Overexertion Injury Claims: Low Back Pain: Overexertion Injury Claims: Low Back Pain 67% involve lifting 20% involve pushing/pulling 87% are related to materials handlingPoint You in the Right Direction: Point You in the Right Direction So, why is this important?: So, why is this important?Third Class Lever: Elbow: Third Class Lever: Elbow 20# AFm AFm * MAm = W * MAw MAw = 14” MAm = 2” Slide20: AFm = 20# * 14” / 2” = 140 poundsHuman Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage: Human Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage Gains: range of motion speed of movement Compressive force at the elbow 20 pounds + 140 pounds = 120 poundsThird Class Lever: Low Back: Third Class Lever: Low Back 20# MAw =25” MAm = 2” AFm AFm * MAm = W * MAw AFm = 20# * 25” / 2” = 250#Example: Example Weight = 50 pounds MAw = 12 inches Body wt. = 100 pounds MAbw = 8 inches AFm = ? MAm = 2 inchesAFm * MAm = W * MAw + BW * MAbw: AFm * MAm = W * MAw + BW * MAbw AFm = (50# * 12”) + (100# * 8”) / 2” = 1400/2 = 700 pounds ExampleWith Body Weight Without Body Weight: With Body Weight Without Body Weight Applied Force 700 pounds 300 pounds Compressive Force 700 + 100 + 50 = 850pounds 300 + 50 = 350 pounds Body Weight is Primary Compressive Force: Body Weight is Primary Compressive Force NIOSH recommended limit is Fc 770# Back muscles generate force if too much can cause injury Most of compressive force comes from body weight If load Muscles create compressive forces on the spineHuman Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage: Human Body is at a Mechanical Disadvantage Gains: range of motion speed of movement Compressive force at the elbow 20 pounds + 140 pounds = 120 pounds6 Task Variables: 6 Task Variables Horizontal Distance Vertical Location Vertical Travel Distance Asymmetrical Angle Coupling Frequency 6 Task Variables: 6 Task Variables Horizontal Position of Load Most significant influencing factor Affects compressive forces on the L5S1 disc Distance the hands are away form the mid-point between the anklesRWL = Recommended Weight Limit: RWL = Recommended Weight Limit Load constant = 51 pounds RWL = LC * HM * VM * DM * AM * FM * CMLifting Index: Lifting Index Relative estimate of the level of physical stress associated with the lifting task LI = Load weight / RWL Lifting is the same as lowering Lifting & Lowering: Control Options: Lifting & Lowering: Control Options Body mechanics options If lift correctly can lift just about anything > NO Compression Strength Energy expenditure Assumption: can bring load close to the body Strongest position with hands between knees Moment arm small when hands by crotch Lifting & Lowering: Control Options: Lifting & Lowering: Control Options Engineering options Weight of object Knuckle and shoulder height Distance away from body: horizontal location Origin/destination of lift Slid, push, pull Pushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Type of wheels Types of bearings Type of surface Slope of surface Handle heightPushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Pulling force Flex spine Back muscles contracting > ⇑ compressive forcesPushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Force exerted by the body Pushing force Abdominal muscles are more active Less compressive forcePushing versus Pulling: Pushing versus Pulling Control options Keep forces low Initial and peak Handle height between hip and shoulder Large wheels To ⇓ friction Slip resistant shoes Good housekeeping Good steering mechanism Incline surfaces < 2 Energy Expenditure: Energy Expenditure Aerobic activities Produce whole body fatigue Fast paced: lifting, lowering, walking, climbing Repetitive lifting > overexertion injury Factors affecting aerobic capacity Gender Age Physical fitness Nature of work Whole bodyEnergy Expenditure: Control Options: Energy Expenditure: Control Options Effect of the workload Lifts versus trips Fatigue versus spinal compression Lifting technique Efficiency Amount of work Endurance Work pace Heavier object Heavier body weight Lift versus lower Lower less energy Carrying location Center of gravityHave We Accomplished Our Goal?: Have We Accomplished Our Goal? What Is the Goal? Send Every Worker Home at the End of the Day in the Same Condition As When They Came to Work Slide42: Ergonomics: Free Resources www.osha.gov www.cdc.gov/niosh www.nsc.org www.hfes.org www.ergoweb.com www.dir.ca.gov www.lni.wa.gov Slide43: Ergonomics: More Free Resources NIOSH Elements of Ergonomics Programs, #97-117 Easy Ergonomics: A Practical Approach for Improving the Workplace Phone: 800-963-9424 Slide44: ALWAYS THINK SAFETY BEFORE LIFTING A HEAVY LOAD