VII. Seasoning:
VII. Seasoning Modify behavior and attitude
Preparation for North American planters
(cont.):
(cont.) Creoles
slaves born in the Americas
worth three times price of unseasoned Africans
Old Africans
Lived in the Americas for some time
New Africans
Had just survived the middle passage
Creoles and Old Africans instruct New Africans
VIII. The End of the Journey:
VIII. The End of the Journey Survival
Adapted to new foods
Learned a new language
Creole dialect well enough to obey commands
Psychological ~ no longer suicidal
Africans retained culture despite the hardships and cruel treatment
One-third died
Men died at a greater rate than women
Created bonds with shipmates that replaced blood kinship
IX. The Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade:
IX. The Ending of the Atlantic Slave Trade Cruelties help end Atlantic slave trade
English abolitionists
Thomas Clarkson, William Wilberforce, and Granville Sharp
Moral crusade and economy less dependent on slave trade
Great Britain bans Atlantic slave trade in 1807
Patrols African coast to enforce
United States Congress outlaws slave trade in 1808
Guinea and western central African kingdoms oppose banning slave trade
X. Conclusion:
X. Conclusion Nine to eleven million Africans brought to the Americas during three centuries of trade
Millions more died
Most arrived between 1701 and 1810
Only 600,000 reached the British colonies of North America