logging in or signing up 0711 Techy_Guy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 647 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: March 16, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Epidemiology of tuberculosis. : Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Peymane Adab, Richard Fielding, Susana Castan. Slide2: Who are we? We work in the Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong. Why do a TB lecture?: Why do a TB lecture? Because, as you will see, it is one of the most important, readily preventable infectious disease in the world, yet it still kills and sickens millions each year. That makes it worth doing something about!Objectives: Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to: describe the epidemiology of TB in terms of time trends, geographical variation and susceptible groups; Slide5: interpret changes in the epidemiology of TB; describe the major factors that will affect future trends in TB. About TB: About TB What is it? One of the oldest diseases known1. Usually a respiratory disease2 due to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis3.Why worry about TB?: Why worry about TB? Worldwide, one person in three is infected with TB. It kills more than 3 million people annually. Yet it is completely curable and is (relatively) inexpensive to cure. How global is TB?: How global is TB? Someone is infected with TB every second; 33% of the world population is already infected; 25% of all avoidable deaths in economically productive age groups are due to TB.TB world-wide (1990): TB world-wide (1990)Where is the problem?: Where is the problem? Everywhere, but particularly in developing countries, Where people are immune-compromised, HIV positive or weakened nutritionally.Risk factors: Risk factors Who are most at risk? Malnourished, elderly, poor. Migrants, refugees, travelers. Smokers, chronic alcoholics. Those with co-morbidity: diabetes, HIV/AIDS, silicosis.Sources of TB information: Sources of TB information 1. Notification of cases 2. Surveillance 3. Mortality statistics 4. Service activities dataChanging TB mortality: Changing TB mortality In the West, decline in TB mortality due to elimination of poverty improved nutrition medical care (streptomycin reduced deaths in UK by 51% 1948-1971). Mortality rate/100,000 population: Mortality rate/100,000 population Source- WHO Global Health Statistics1996Interpreting trends 1: real trends: Interpreting trends 1: real trends Environmental: (nutrition, wealth housing,hygiene, sociopolitical). Host changes: susceptibility (e.g. HIV/AIDS infection), travel, migration, sociodemographics. Agent changes: Development of drug resistant strains of TB.Interpreting trends 2: apparent trends: Interpreting trends 2: apparent trends Changed social attitudes towards TB1; Improved diagnostic techniques, recognition and awareness; Improved notification procedures Availability of health statistics.TB Trends: TB Trends Hong Kong This link provides an interesting historical perspective on TB mortality trends in Hong Kong during the 20th Century. TB rates increasing: TB rates increasing TB infection rates are projected to increase, due to; aging populations, increasing travel and migration1, increasing drug-resistance, increasing HIV prevalence.Multi Drug Resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB): Multi Drug Resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) MDR-TB is TB resistant to 2 or more main-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB is increasing worldwide More than 50 million people probably already infected Poor adherence to treatment HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS 1994: Of 14 million people HIV +ve, 40% also had TB. TB leading cause of death if HIV +ve weakened immunity increases risk of TB infection progressing to disease. greater risk of misdiagnosis of TB in HIV and subsequent inadequate treatment. Slide21: It is estimated that between now and the year 2020 nearly 1,000,000,000 more people will be newly infected, 200 million will get sick and 70 million will die from TB, if control is not strengthened. The majority of these cases will occur in developing countriesTB Control and Prevention: TB Control and Prevention Main strategies include: BCG vaccination Case finding Effective chemotherapy Health Education Chemoprophylaxis Summary- TB is:: Summary- TB is: leading infectious cause of death infection rates and drug resistant rates increasing, travel and migration key risk factors poor, weak and elderly most vulnerable HIV positive people vulnerable and major threat to future trends. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
0711 Techy_Guy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 647 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: March 16, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Epidemiology of tuberculosis. : Epidemiology of tuberculosis. Peymane Adab, Richard Fielding, Susana Castan. Slide2: Who are we? We work in the Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong. Why do a TB lecture?: Why do a TB lecture? Because, as you will see, it is one of the most important, readily preventable infectious disease in the world, yet it still kills and sickens millions each year. That makes it worth doing something about!Objectives: Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to: describe the epidemiology of TB in terms of time trends, geographical variation and susceptible groups; Slide5: interpret changes in the epidemiology of TB; describe the major factors that will affect future trends in TB. About TB: About TB What is it? One of the oldest diseases known1. Usually a respiratory disease2 due to infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis3.Why worry about TB?: Why worry about TB? Worldwide, one person in three is infected with TB. It kills more than 3 million people annually. Yet it is completely curable and is (relatively) inexpensive to cure. How global is TB?: How global is TB? Someone is infected with TB every second; 33% of the world population is already infected; 25% of all avoidable deaths in economically productive age groups are due to TB.TB world-wide (1990): TB world-wide (1990)Where is the problem?: Where is the problem? Everywhere, but particularly in developing countries, Where people are immune-compromised, HIV positive or weakened nutritionally.Risk factors: Risk factors Who are most at risk? Malnourished, elderly, poor. Migrants, refugees, travelers. Smokers, chronic alcoholics. Those with co-morbidity: diabetes, HIV/AIDS, silicosis.Sources of TB information: Sources of TB information 1. Notification of cases 2. Surveillance 3. Mortality statistics 4. Service activities dataChanging TB mortality: Changing TB mortality In the West, decline in TB mortality due to elimination of poverty improved nutrition medical care (streptomycin reduced deaths in UK by 51% 1948-1971). Mortality rate/100,000 population: Mortality rate/100,000 population Source- WHO Global Health Statistics1996Interpreting trends 1: real trends: Interpreting trends 1: real trends Environmental: (nutrition, wealth housing,hygiene, sociopolitical). Host changes: susceptibility (e.g. HIV/AIDS infection), travel, migration, sociodemographics. Agent changes: Development of drug resistant strains of TB.Interpreting trends 2: apparent trends: Interpreting trends 2: apparent trends Changed social attitudes towards TB1; Improved diagnostic techniques, recognition and awareness; Improved notification procedures Availability of health statistics.TB Trends: TB Trends Hong Kong This link provides an interesting historical perspective on TB mortality trends in Hong Kong during the 20th Century. TB rates increasing: TB rates increasing TB infection rates are projected to increase, due to; aging populations, increasing travel and migration1, increasing drug-resistance, increasing HIV prevalence.Multi Drug Resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB): Multi Drug Resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) MDR-TB is TB resistant to 2 or more main-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB is increasing worldwide More than 50 million people probably already infected Poor adherence to treatment HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS 1994: Of 14 million people HIV +ve, 40% also had TB. TB leading cause of death if HIV +ve weakened immunity increases risk of TB infection progressing to disease. greater risk of misdiagnosis of TB in HIV and subsequent inadequate treatment. Slide21: It is estimated that between now and the year 2020 nearly 1,000,000,000 more people will be newly infected, 200 million will get sick and 70 million will die from TB, if control is not strengthened. The majority of these cases will occur in developing countriesTB Control and Prevention: TB Control and Prevention Main strategies include: BCG vaccination Case finding Effective chemotherapy Health Education Chemoprophylaxis Summary- TB is:: Summary- TB is: leading infectious cause of death infection rates and drug resistant rates increasing, travel and migration key risk factors poor, weak and elderly most vulnerable HIV positive people vulnerable and major threat to future trends.