logging in or signing up 6788 20050901123527 Techy_Guy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 240 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 19, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ALI_PO (7 month(s) ago) NICE DONE Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ohiostate74 (39 month(s) ago) any way to download these great slides? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Foundations of Western Civilization: Foundations of Western Civilization To 1000 B.C.E.Prehistoric Human Societies: Prehistoric Human Societies The Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Age, c. 40,000-c. 10,000 B.C.E. Hunter-gatherers Trade (e.g. seashells) Technology firemaking bone and stone weapons and jewelry Art and religion: Cave paintings and female figurines Slide3: The Neolithic (“New Stone”) Revolution, c. 10,000-c. 4000 B.C.E. Transition from a nomadic existence as hunter-gatherers to more settled lifestyle Invention of agriculture Domestication of animals Slide4: Increasingly gender-based division of labor Specialized crafts (metallurgy and weaving) Emergence of social hierarchy: patriarchal organization of state and society would become the norm in the West Invention of irrigation (c. 6500 B.C.E.) facilitated establishment of settled agricultural communities in the Fertile CrescentMesopotamia, c. 4000-1000 B.C.E. (Bronze Age): Mesopotamia, c. 4000-1000 B.C.E. (Bronze Age) The Tigris and Euphrates Flood control and irrigation Trade, migration, movement of armies The West’s first large-scale civilization Cities containing large public buildings Crop diversification and diverse crafts Organized central governments Writing Slide6: Religion and Mythology Polytheistic religious belief reflected harshness of war and struggle with unpredictable environment War-like gods who possessed total control over human lives Sacrifices, rituals, temples (ziggurats) Power of priests and priestessesSlide7: Epic of Gilgamesh Search for immortality by semihistorical King Gilgamesh of Uruk after death of his friend Enkidu Realizes that only gods enjoy immortality; humans must content themselves with fame derived from performing mighty deeds Story of a devastating flood in later version Slide8: Sumer Earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia Agriculture and trade (as far away as India) Sumerians Developed the wheel Created first writing system (cuneiform) Devised a mathematical system and astronomySlide9: The Akkadian Empire, c. 2350-2200 B.C.E. World’s first empire Sargon the Great conquered Sumerian cities and territories westward to the Mediterranean, in part to ensure metal supplies Destroyed by invading Gutians during reign of Sargon’s grandsonSlide10: The Kingdom of Assyria, c. 1900 B.C.E. Became dominant city-state due to control of trade between Anatolia and Mesopotamia Encouragement of private enterprise rather than state monopolySlide11: The Kingdom of Babylon and King Hammurabi’s Code (18th century B.C.E.) Earliest known written laws King’s responsibility to maintain order and justice Basis of international commercial law: regulated contracts, interest, mortgages, etc. Criminal penalties harsh and reflective of social hierarchyEgypt and the Levant, c. 3050-1000 B.C.E.: Egypt and the Levant, c. 3050-1000 B.C.E. Egyptian Civilization Geography as Destiny The Nile Protected by deserts on the east and west Predictable annual flooding Stability and Unity Developed in relative isolation into a prosperous and stable kingdom Slide13: Old Kingdom, c. 2687-2190 B.C.E. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Menes, c. 3100-3000 B.C.E. Controlling the river Astronomical charts Writing system: hieroglyphs Slide14: Religion and Government About 2,000 gods in the Egyptian pantheon All powerful kings were believed to be human incarnations of gods Only the king could express the ultimate truth and justice, or ma’atSlide15: The Afterlife Belief in an immortal soul and reward for those who lived a just life Mummification Provisions for the afterlife in burial chambers of those who could afford it, including the Book of the DeadSlide16: The Pyramids Royal burial tombs reflected the kings’ power in political and religious life King Djoser’s Step Pyramid at Saqqara (c. 2650 B.C.E.) King Cheop’s Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2575 B.C.E.)Slide17: Middle Kingdom, c. 2061-1665 B.C.E. Diminished flooding of the Nile and famines around 2350 B.C. E. led to civic disruption and the loss of royal authority Regional governors withdrew support of the king, spawning political breakdown and the First Intermediate Period (c. 2190-2061 B.C.E.) King Mentuhotep II’s reunification of Egypt initiated the Middle Kingdom Territorial expansion and increased trade contactsSlide18: New Kingdom, c. 1569-1081 B.C.E. Second Intermediate Period (c. 1664-1570 B.C.E.) Famines Invasion by the Hyksos Thebans from Upper Egypt reunited Egypt as New Kingdom Warrior pharaohs further extended Egypt’s borders and trade contactsSlide19: New Kingdom aberrations Queen Hatshepsut (r. 1502-1482 B.C.E): Only woman to rule as pharaoh (and female king) Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV, r. 1372-1355 B.C.E.) and Nefertiti Introduced cult of one central god, Aten, and moved capital to Amarna Wife tried to restrain his zeal, but his devotion to Aten undermined his effectiveness as ruler Tutankhamen (r. 1355-1346 B.C.E.): restored worship of traditional godsOther Bronze Age Civilizations: Other Bronze Age Civilizations The Peoples of the Levant The Canaanites Dominated trade between the Mediterranean and Near East Developed first alphabet, c. 1600 B.C.E. The Hebrews Origins, according to the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament Abraham and migration from Ur to Palestine (c. 1900 B.C.E.) Loosely organized into twelve tribes Abraham’s covenant with the Hebrew god YahwehSlide21: Exodus Hebrews moved into Egypt under Abraham’s descendant Joseph. By 13th century B.C.E., they were enslaved to work on the pharaoh’s building projects. Moses led Hebrews out of Egyptian bondage, and on Mount Sinai he reestablished their covenant with Yahweh (c. 1250 B.C.E.)Slide22: The Hebrew Covenant The Ten Commandments The Torah (Pentateuch): first five books of the Bible Hebrew Monotheism Idea of Yahweh as the one God developed in the centuries after the period of Exodus Fundamental influence of Biblical texts and monotheism on Christianity and Islam, and of Hebrew law on Western ethical traditionBronze-Age Greece and Anatolia, c. 2200-1000 B.C.E.: Bronze-Age Greece and Anatolia, c. 2200-1000 B.C.E.Slide24: The Hittite Kingdom, c. 1750-1200 B.C.E. Maintained dominance by controlling trade routes and raw materials, especially metals Military prowess Sack of Babylon, 1595 B.C.E. Prevented Egyptian domination of the region by stopping Ramesses II at the Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 B.C.E.)Slide25: Minoan Crete, c. 2200-1400 B.C.E. Palace society: centered on independent palace complexes that controlled the religious, economic, and political life of their communities Mediterranean polyculture Integrated the cultivation of grapes, olives, and grain Other cultural features Highly specialized crafts Redistributive economy regulated from palace complexes Sophisticated artwork depicting scenes of leisure and sportsSlide26: Mycenaean Greece, c. 1800-1000 B.C.E. Earliest mainland Greek culture characterized by independent hilltop fortifications that competed with each other for resources and territory Redistributive economy similar to that on Crete Warfare a central preoccupation, perhaps even eclipsing religionSlide27: The Sea Peoples and Calamities of c. 1200-1000 B.C.E Exact reasons remain unknown, but region’s political equilibrium was upset and most centers were dramatically wiped out. In the resulting Dark Ages, most traces of Civilization disappeared for several centuries. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
6788 20050901123527 Techy_Guy Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 240 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 19, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ALI_PO (7 month(s) ago) NICE DONE Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ohiostate74 (39 month(s) ago) any way to download these great slides? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Foundations of Western Civilization: Foundations of Western Civilization To 1000 B.C.E.Prehistoric Human Societies: Prehistoric Human Societies The Paleolithic (“Old Stone”) Age, c. 40,000-c. 10,000 B.C.E. Hunter-gatherers Trade (e.g. seashells) Technology firemaking bone and stone weapons and jewelry Art and religion: Cave paintings and female figurines Slide3: The Neolithic (“New Stone”) Revolution, c. 10,000-c. 4000 B.C.E. Transition from a nomadic existence as hunter-gatherers to more settled lifestyle Invention of agriculture Domestication of animals Slide4: Increasingly gender-based division of labor Specialized crafts (metallurgy and weaving) Emergence of social hierarchy: patriarchal organization of state and society would become the norm in the West Invention of irrigation (c. 6500 B.C.E.) facilitated establishment of settled agricultural communities in the Fertile CrescentMesopotamia, c. 4000-1000 B.C.E. (Bronze Age): Mesopotamia, c. 4000-1000 B.C.E. (Bronze Age) The Tigris and Euphrates Flood control and irrigation Trade, migration, movement of armies The West’s first large-scale civilization Cities containing large public buildings Crop diversification and diverse crafts Organized central governments Writing Slide6: Religion and Mythology Polytheistic religious belief reflected harshness of war and struggle with unpredictable environment War-like gods who possessed total control over human lives Sacrifices, rituals, temples (ziggurats) Power of priests and priestessesSlide7: Epic of Gilgamesh Search for immortality by semihistorical King Gilgamesh of Uruk after death of his friend Enkidu Realizes that only gods enjoy immortality; humans must content themselves with fame derived from performing mighty deeds Story of a devastating flood in later version Slide8: Sumer Earliest cities in southern Mesopotamia Agriculture and trade (as far away as India) Sumerians Developed the wheel Created first writing system (cuneiform) Devised a mathematical system and astronomySlide9: The Akkadian Empire, c. 2350-2200 B.C.E. World’s first empire Sargon the Great conquered Sumerian cities and territories westward to the Mediterranean, in part to ensure metal supplies Destroyed by invading Gutians during reign of Sargon’s grandsonSlide10: The Kingdom of Assyria, c. 1900 B.C.E. Became dominant city-state due to control of trade between Anatolia and Mesopotamia Encouragement of private enterprise rather than state monopolySlide11: The Kingdom of Babylon and King Hammurabi’s Code (18th century B.C.E.) Earliest known written laws King’s responsibility to maintain order and justice Basis of international commercial law: regulated contracts, interest, mortgages, etc. Criminal penalties harsh and reflective of social hierarchyEgypt and the Levant, c. 3050-1000 B.C.E.: Egypt and the Levant, c. 3050-1000 B.C.E. Egyptian Civilization Geography as Destiny The Nile Protected by deserts on the east and west Predictable annual flooding Stability and Unity Developed in relative isolation into a prosperous and stable kingdom Slide13: Old Kingdom, c. 2687-2190 B.C.E. Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt by King Menes, c. 3100-3000 B.C.E. Controlling the river Astronomical charts Writing system: hieroglyphs Slide14: Religion and Government About 2,000 gods in the Egyptian pantheon All powerful kings were believed to be human incarnations of gods Only the king could express the ultimate truth and justice, or ma’atSlide15: The Afterlife Belief in an immortal soul and reward for those who lived a just life Mummification Provisions for the afterlife in burial chambers of those who could afford it, including the Book of the DeadSlide16: The Pyramids Royal burial tombs reflected the kings’ power in political and religious life King Djoser’s Step Pyramid at Saqqara (c. 2650 B.C.E.) King Cheop’s Great Pyramid at Giza (c. 2575 B.C.E.)Slide17: Middle Kingdom, c. 2061-1665 B.C.E. Diminished flooding of the Nile and famines around 2350 B.C. E. led to civic disruption and the loss of royal authority Regional governors withdrew support of the king, spawning political breakdown and the First Intermediate Period (c. 2190-2061 B.C.E.) King Mentuhotep II’s reunification of Egypt initiated the Middle Kingdom Territorial expansion and increased trade contactsSlide18: New Kingdom, c. 1569-1081 B.C.E. Second Intermediate Period (c. 1664-1570 B.C.E.) Famines Invasion by the Hyksos Thebans from Upper Egypt reunited Egypt as New Kingdom Warrior pharaohs further extended Egypt’s borders and trade contactsSlide19: New Kingdom aberrations Queen Hatshepsut (r. 1502-1482 B.C.E): Only woman to rule as pharaoh (and female king) Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV, r. 1372-1355 B.C.E.) and Nefertiti Introduced cult of one central god, Aten, and moved capital to Amarna Wife tried to restrain his zeal, but his devotion to Aten undermined his effectiveness as ruler Tutankhamen (r. 1355-1346 B.C.E.): restored worship of traditional godsOther Bronze Age Civilizations: Other Bronze Age Civilizations The Peoples of the Levant The Canaanites Dominated trade between the Mediterranean and Near East Developed first alphabet, c. 1600 B.C.E. The Hebrews Origins, according to the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament Abraham and migration from Ur to Palestine (c. 1900 B.C.E.) Loosely organized into twelve tribes Abraham’s covenant with the Hebrew god YahwehSlide21: Exodus Hebrews moved into Egypt under Abraham’s descendant Joseph. By 13th century B.C.E., they were enslaved to work on the pharaoh’s building projects. Moses led Hebrews out of Egyptian bondage, and on Mount Sinai he reestablished their covenant with Yahweh (c. 1250 B.C.E.)Slide22: The Hebrew Covenant The Ten Commandments The Torah (Pentateuch): first five books of the Bible Hebrew Monotheism Idea of Yahweh as the one God developed in the centuries after the period of Exodus Fundamental influence of Biblical texts and monotheism on Christianity and Islam, and of Hebrew law on Western ethical traditionBronze-Age Greece and Anatolia, c. 2200-1000 B.C.E.: Bronze-Age Greece and Anatolia, c. 2200-1000 B.C.E.Slide24: The Hittite Kingdom, c. 1750-1200 B.C.E. Maintained dominance by controlling trade routes and raw materials, especially metals Military prowess Sack of Babylon, 1595 B.C.E. Prevented Egyptian domination of the region by stopping Ramesses II at the Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 B.C.E.)Slide25: Minoan Crete, c. 2200-1400 B.C.E. Palace society: centered on independent palace complexes that controlled the religious, economic, and political life of their communities Mediterranean polyculture Integrated the cultivation of grapes, olives, and grain Other cultural features Highly specialized crafts Redistributive economy regulated from palace complexes Sophisticated artwork depicting scenes of leisure and sportsSlide26: Mycenaean Greece, c. 1800-1000 B.C.E. Earliest mainland Greek culture characterized by independent hilltop fortifications that competed with each other for resources and territory Redistributive economy similar to that on Crete Warfare a central preoccupation, perhaps even eclipsing religionSlide27: The Sea Peoples and Calamities of c. 1200-1000 B.C.E Exact reasons remain unknown, but region’s political equilibrium was upset and most centers were dramatically wiped out. In the resulting Dark Ages, most traces of Civilization disappeared for several centuries.