wk 6 PPT Rome 2 wh1 2007 8a

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羅馬 – 帝國與分裂 Rome – Empire and Division: 

羅馬 – 帝國與分裂 Rome – Empire and Division

Slide2: 

Gracchi Reforms格拉古兄弟改革 Tiberius Gracchus特比洛‧格拉古 163- 133 BC latifundia大農莊 Slave Revolts First Sicilian Revolt 135 – 132 Second Sicilian Revolt 104 - 100 Gladiators’ Revolt角鬥士戰爭Spartacus 73 - 71 www.student.hro.nl/.../sulla_bestanden/sulla.gif

Reasons for the rise of Rome : 

Reasons for the rise of Rome Organization Civic pride Improved communication Common culture and language Emulation of other cultures Weakness of other cultures at that time

Sulla 蘇拉138 – 78 BC 盧基烏斯·科爾內利烏斯·蘇拉: 

Sulla 蘇拉138 – 78 BC 盧基烏斯·科爾內利烏斯·蘇拉 Patrician family 將軍 General 執政官 Consul 88 BC 蓋烏斯·馬略 Gaius Marius 157-86 BC 獨裁官 Dictator 82-80 BC 執政官 Consul 80 BC www.die-lateinseite.de/Sulla.jpg

蓋烏斯·尤利烏斯·凱撒 Gaius Julius Caesar 102 – 44 BC: 

蓋烏斯·尤利烏斯·凱撒 Gaius Julius Caesar 102 – 44 BC General 前三頭同盟 Triumvarite 克拉蘇Crassus 115 – 53 BC 龐培 Pompey 106 – 48 BC

高盧戰爭Gallic Wars 59-51 BC : 

高盧戰爭Gallic Wars 59-51 BC

Slide7: 

Gallic Wars 59 – 51 BC 渡過盧比孔河

Slide8: 

Rome 49 BC Greece 48 Egypt 47克利奧帕特拉 Dictatory Perpetuas 44

奧古斯都 Caesar Augustus 屋大維 Octavius 63 - 14: 

奧古斯都 Caesar Augustus 屋大維 Octavius 63 - 14 Pontifex maximus 13 奥古斯都augustus 第一公民 princeps 27 統治大權 imperium 23 Augustus of Prima Porta, Vatican Museums

弗拉維王朝 Flavian Dynasty 69 - 96: 

弗拉維王朝 Flavian Dynasty 69 - 96

瓦倫蒂尼安王朝 Antonine Dynasty 98 - 180: 

瓦倫蒂尼安王朝 Antonine Dynasty 98 - 180 圖拉真Trajan (98-117) 哈德良Hadrian (117-138) Antoninus Pius (138-161) 馬克奧裏略Marcus Aurelius (161-180)

Slide12: 

Roman provinces under Trajan

哈德良Hadrian (117-138): 

哈德良Hadrian (117-138) Hadrian’s Wall 122 AD Hadrian’s Villa http://www.uoregon.edu/~helphand/romeimagesone/image50.jpg http://www.american.edu/ted/images4/czhwukmap.png

Marcus Aurelius (161-180) : 

Marcus Aurelius (161-180) Bronze statue of Marcus Aurelius (ca. 170) 《沉思錄》Meditations

三世紀危機 Crisis of the Third Century 235–284: 

三世紀危機 Crisis of the Third Century 235–284 戰亂 25皇帝

戴克裡先 Diocletian r. 284-312: 

戴克裡先 Diocletian r. 284-312 四帝共治 Tetrarchy 219 -313

君世坦丁一世 Constantine I 306 - 337: 

君世坦丁一世 Constantine I 306 - 337 米蘭敕令(Edict of Milan)313 新羅馬 New Rome (君士坦丁堡 Constantinople ) 330 拜占庭帝國 Byzantine Empire 395 – 1461 改變基督教Conversion to Christianity

狄奧多西一世 Theodosius I 379- 395: 

狄奧多西一世 Theodosius I 379- 395 基督教定位國教 Establishment of Christianity as state religion

狄奧多里克 Theodoric: 

狄奧多里克 Theodoric 東哥德王國國王 King of the Ostrogoths 488 – 526 義大利的東哥德王國國王 King of the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy 493-526

首都在拉文納Capital at Ravenna : 

首都在拉文納Capital at Ravenna Palace of Theodoric Neonian Baptistry Mausoleum of Theodoric St. Appollinare Nuovo

羅馬掠劫 Sack of Rome: 

羅馬掠劫 Sack of Rome 410 -西哥德人 Visigoths 455 -汪達爾人 Vandals 546 - 東哥德人Ostrogoths 846 -撒拉遜人 Saracens

羅馬衰落的原因 Reasons for the Fall of Rome: 

羅馬衰落的原因 Reasons for the Fall of Rome Barbarism野蠻化 and moral decadence道德衰落 Rise of Christianity Economic factors Instability of imperial succession Rise of Persian power Arab conquests disrupt sea trade in 7th c. Strength of the army Lack of stable bureaucracy官僚政治