chapter 22 populations and community

Slide 1: 

Important Ecology concepts from chapter 22

What is an ecosystem?: 

What is an ecosystem? Every living and nonliving thing and how they interact in a specific environment. Examples include this giant ant hill. All of the ants, air, sunlight and interactions that take place between it and any other thing in this environment create an ecosystem Other examples include…

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Desert in Arizona picture of a Saguaro cactus in Papago Park

Slide 4: 

Salmon in Alaska

Slide 5: 

Cascade Lake in Montana

This is an example of a twitter ecosystem: 

This is an example of a twitter ecosystem

What are Abiotic and Biotic Factors: 

What are Abiotic and Biotic Factors

More on Abiotic and Biotic Factors: 

More on Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Habitat: 

Habitat An organism must obtain food, water, and shelter to live grow, and reproduce. The place where an organism gets these needs met is called a habitat

Slide 10: 

Adapting- means changes an organism makes in order to take advantage of their surroundings. The role an organism takes to obtain food, shelter, or interact with other organisms refers to its niche. The three major types of interactions are, competition, predation , and symbiosis Adapting to the Environment

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The fight between organisms for limited food, water, and shelter in an ecosystem First type of Interaction is Competition

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Another example of competition would be these beetles fighting

The next type of interaction is Predation: 

The next type of interaction is Predation An interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another for food.

More predation: 

More predation Here you have a cicada being eaten by a snake, a nice treat that only occurs every 17 years

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The things that predators use to help them catch or kill another animal. Examples: Acute senses that are used to locate and identify prey items (e.g. heat-sensing pits of rattlesnakes. Teeth and claws of the lion make short work of the water buffalo. Predator Adaptations

Prey Adaptations: 

Prey Adaptations Things that an organism does to help them avoid being captured. Examples Frog changing color as a warning Chameleon can blend into its surroundings Mimicry- When and organism pretends to be another poisonous organism

Symbiosis and variations of this type of interaction: 

Symbiosis and variations of this type of interaction Symbiosis -A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one them. Mutualism - a relationship that benefits both species involved

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Mutualism is a relationship in which both species benefit Other types of animal relationships

Videos on My CMS Teacher Page: 

Videos on My CMS Teacher Page Click to go to my Teacher page to see these videos

Other types of Symbiosis: 

Other types of Symbiosis Commensalism- a relationship between 2 or more animals where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or helped Parasitism- parasite lives on the host causing harm Mosquito and tapeworms

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: 1. Hetero troph-depend directly or indirectly on the autotrophic organisms for their food and energy requirements. Most of bacteria, fungi and all animals must consume plants or animals. Sometimes called consumers. H etero means “ different ” 2. Auto troph- produces its own food using abiotic resources such as sunlight, carbon dioxide, and nutrients from the soil. Sometimes called producers. Auto means “ self" and trophic refers to “ food ” Major Roles in and Ecosystem

Slide 22: 

Exclusion Principle In ecology the Exclusion Principle simply means that two organisms may not occupy the same niche (role in the environment). Type of Interaction Expected Outcome Competition - - Decrease in both species Predation + - Predators increases Prey decrease Symbiotic Relationships Parasitism + - Parasite benefits; host is harmed Commensalism + 0 1 organism is helped the 2 nd organism isn’t helped Mutualism + + All organisms involved benefit

Trophic Levels: 

Trophic Levels Trophic levels refers to food levels. There are different food levels within an ecosystem. Energy is transferred from one organism to another. Only10% of the energy an organism has is passed on to the next trophic level.

Levels of organization: 

Levels of organization

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Energy Transfers

The largest population an environment can support.: 

The largest population an environment can support. Carrying Capacity Graph 1: Rabbits Over Time The graph shows a __________ growth curve. b . The carrying capacity for rabbits is ______ c . During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth, in other words in which month was growth the highest ? Visit Sunny Meadows to see Carrying Capacity in Action

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Limiting Factor A resource such as food, space, predators, or weather conditions that prevents the population from increasing . What factors may limit tree growth in a Rain Forest?

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Invasive Species http:// www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1958657_1958656_1958305,00.html An alien organism whose introduction to the ecosystem causes harm because it dominates resource and or causes harm to the native organisms