logging in or signing up history Taddeo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 528 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 29, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rosemarievillaverdem (17 month(s) ago) Good morning. I would like to request the power point presentation of philosophical psychology. Thank you very much! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript What is Psychology?: What is Psychology? The science of behavior and the mind behavior - observable actions of a person or animal mind - thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, memories, dreams, motives and other subjective experiences science an objective way to answer questions based on observable facts / data and well described methodsWhat is Psychology?: What is Psychology? A set of questions about mental functioning trace back to philosophy Aristotle asked about memory, personality, emotions, etc. A set of theories and procedures for asking and answering questions the scientific method evolved over centuries, first in physics A product of history philosophy asked many of the basic questions physiology used similar methodsPhilosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments A Question: How are mind and body related? Dualism - body and soul are separate but interrelated origins in medieval religion soul is seat of intellectual function and will mind is product of the soul mind not subject to scientific inquiry to challenge this was punishable by death Philosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments A Question: How are mind and body related? Rene Descartes (1596-1650) - modified dualism since animals have no soul, much behavior does not require soul the body can therefore control much behavior led him to study reflexes the soul’s main function is thought, a uniquely human attributePhilosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments Materialism: Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) mind is a product of the brain soul is not involved in human behavior Empiricism: knowledge and intellect are acquired sensory experiences produce elementary ideas elementary ideas become associated into complex thought and ideas A Question: How are mind and body related? Philosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments Another Question: Empiricism vs. Nativism Nativism is the view that elementary ideas are innate If knowledge is innate What is the purpose of education? Can intellect be changed by experience? Are abilities determined by our genes or our experiences? This is known as Nature vs. Nurture appears throughout modern psychology Foundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859) physical characteristics evolve through natural selection behavioral patterns also influence selection inborn knowledge and behavioral tendencies with survival value are passed on Human beings are part of nature and can be understood through the methods of scienceFoundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry 19th century developments in physiology demonstrated the approach to use based on scientific methods, controlled laboratory experiments influential beliefs from early physiology reflexology - all human behaviors occur through reflexes localization of function - specific structures of the brain serve specific functions in the control of mental experiences and behavior Foundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Separated from philosophy in 19th century influences from physiology remain Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Leipzig, Germany wrote the first psychology textbook applied laboratory techniques to study of the mind structuralism - identify ‘atoms’ of the mind focused on basic sensory and perceptual processes measured reaction timesOther Pioneers: Other Pioneers Edward Titchener (1867-1927) Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell University William James (1842-1910) started psychology at Harvard in 1870s opposed Wundt and Titchener’s approach functionalism - influenced by Darwin to focus on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian physician that focused on illness psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders Other Pioneers: Other Pioneers Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French intelligence researcher developed first intelligence test Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Russian physiologist discovered conditioned reflexes B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) American psychologist at Harvard studied learning and effect of reinforcement behaviorism Perspectives : Perspectives Perspective is a way of viewing phenomena Psychology has multiple perspectives ethological biological psychoanalytic cognitive cross- cultural socialEthology: Ethology The study of animal behavior in the natural environment rather than in a lab setting Influenced by Darwin and the emphasis on innate, adaptive behavior patterns European approach to studying behavior founded by animal researchers, Lorenz and Tinbergen Biological Perspective: Biological Perspective Study the physiological mechanisms in the brain and nervous system that organize and control behavior Focus may be at various levels individual neurons areas of the brain specific functions like eating, emotion or learning Interest in behavior distinguishes biological psychology from many other biological sciencesClinical Perspective: Clinical Perspective View of behavior based on experience treating patients Psychoanalytic approach (Sigmund Freud ) both a method of treatment and a theory of the mind behavior reflects combinations of conscious and unconscious influences drives and urges within the unconscious component of mind influence thought and behavior early childhood experiences shape unconscious motivationsClinical Perspective: Clinical Perspective View of behavior based on experience treating patients Humanistic approach developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers behavior reflects innate ‘actualization’ focus on conscious forces and self perception More positive view of basic forces than Freud’s Cultural Psychology: Cultural Psychology The study of psychological differences among people living in different cultural groups How are people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior influenced by their culture? What are the common elements across culture? Are these innate?Cognitive Perspective: Cognitive Perspective How is knowledge acquired, organized, remembered, and used to guide behavior ? Influences include Piaget - studied intellectual development Chomsky - studied language Cybernetics - science of information processingThe Profession of Psychology: The Profession of Psychology American Psychological Association had 52 divisions in 1998 Some represent areas of training and specialization (e.g., developmental, clinical) Some are applied (i.e., teaching in psychology, psychology and the law) Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Clinical abnormal behavior and psychological disorders psychologist vs. psychiatrist Health psychology psychological factors in physical health Counseling dealing with normal life situations provide guidance Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Developmental psychological change over the life span social, cognitive, personality School counseling and guidance in school settings Educational learning and teachingAreas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Psychobiology brain and behavior studied at many levels often uses animals as research model Experimental basic laboratory focus animals or humans learning, memory, motivation Cognitive experimental human memory, perception, etc.Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Social social influences on cognition and emotion attitudes and beliefs Personality individual differences perception by others Industrial/organizational people and work job satisfaction training and selectionProfessional Work Settings: Professional Work Settings Colleges and universities Clinical settings Elementary and secondary schools Business Government You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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history Taddeo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 528 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 29, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rosemarievillaverdem (17 month(s) ago) Good morning. I would like to request the power point presentation of philosophical psychology. Thank you very much! Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript What is Psychology?: What is Psychology? The science of behavior and the mind behavior - observable actions of a person or animal mind - thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, memories, dreams, motives and other subjective experiences science an objective way to answer questions based on observable facts / data and well described methodsWhat is Psychology?: What is Psychology? A set of questions about mental functioning trace back to philosophy Aristotle asked about memory, personality, emotions, etc. A set of theories and procedures for asking and answering questions the scientific method evolved over centuries, first in physics A product of history philosophy asked many of the basic questions physiology used similar methodsPhilosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments A Question: How are mind and body related? Dualism - body and soul are separate but interrelated origins in medieval religion soul is seat of intellectual function and will mind is product of the soul mind not subject to scientific inquiry to challenge this was punishable by death Philosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments A Question: How are mind and body related? Rene Descartes (1596-1650) - modified dualism since animals have no soul, much behavior does not require soul the body can therefore control much behavior led him to study reflexes the soul’s main function is thought, a uniquely human attributePhilosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments Materialism: Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) mind is a product of the brain soul is not involved in human behavior Empiricism: knowledge and intellect are acquired sensory experiences produce elementary ideas elementary ideas become associated into complex thought and ideas A Question: How are mind and body related? Philosophical Developments: Philosophical Developments Another Question: Empiricism vs. Nativism Nativism is the view that elementary ideas are innate If knowledge is innate What is the purpose of education? Can intellect be changed by experience? Are abilities determined by our genes or our experiences? This is known as Nature vs. Nurture appears throughout modern psychology Foundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859) physical characteristics evolve through natural selection behavioral patterns also influence selection inborn knowledge and behavioral tendencies with survival value are passed on Human beings are part of nature and can be understood through the methods of scienceFoundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry 19th century developments in physiology demonstrated the approach to use based on scientific methods, controlled laboratory experiments influential beliefs from early physiology reflexology - all human behaviors occur through reflexes localization of function - specific structures of the brain serve specific functions in the control of mental experiences and behavior Foundations of Modern Psychology: Foundations of Modern Psychology Separated from philosophy in 19th century influences from physiology remain Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Leipzig, Germany wrote the first psychology textbook applied laboratory techniques to study of the mind structuralism - identify ‘atoms’ of the mind focused on basic sensory and perceptual processes measured reaction timesOther Pioneers: Other Pioneers Edward Titchener (1867-1927) Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell University William James (1842-1910) started psychology at Harvard in 1870s opposed Wundt and Titchener’s approach functionalism - influenced by Darwin to focus on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Austrian physician that focused on illness psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders Other Pioneers: Other Pioneers Alfred Binet (1857-1911) French intelligence researcher developed first intelligence test Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) Russian physiologist discovered conditioned reflexes B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) American psychologist at Harvard studied learning and effect of reinforcement behaviorism Perspectives : Perspectives Perspective is a way of viewing phenomena Psychology has multiple perspectives ethological biological psychoanalytic cognitive cross- cultural socialEthology: Ethology The study of animal behavior in the natural environment rather than in a lab setting Influenced by Darwin and the emphasis on innate, adaptive behavior patterns European approach to studying behavior founded by animal researchers, Lorenz and Tinbergen Biological Perspective: Biological Perspective Study the physiological mechanisms in the brain and nervous system that organize and control behavior Focus may be at various levels individual neurons areas of the brain specific functions like eating, emotion or learning Interest in behavior distinguishes biological psychology from many other biological sciencesClinical Perspective: Clinical Perspective View of behavior based on experience treating patients Psychoanalytic approach (Sigmund Freud ) both a method of treatment and a theory of the mind behavior reflects combinations of conscious and unconscious influences drives and urges within the unconscious component of mind influence thought and behavior early childhood experiences shape unconscious motivationsClinical Perspective: Clinical Perspective View of behavior based on experience treating patients Humanistic approach developed by Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers behavior reflects innate ‘actualization’ focus on conscious forces and self perception More positive view of basic forces than Freud’s Cultural Psychology: Cultural Psychology The study of psychological differences among people living in different cultural groups How are people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior influenced by their culture? What are the common elements across culture? Are these innate?Cognitive Perspective: Cognitive Perspective How is knowledge acquired, organized, remembered, and used to guide behavior ? Influences include Piaget - studied intellectual development Chomsky - studied language Cybernetics - science of information processingThe Profession of Psychology: The Profession of Psychology American Psychological Association had 52 divisions in 1998 Some represent areas of training and specialization (e.g., developmental, clinical) Some are applied (i.e., teaching in psychology, psychology and the law) Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Clinical abnormal behavior and psychological disorders psychologist vs. psychiatrist Health psychology psychological factors in physical health Counseling dealing with normal life situations provide guidance Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Developmental psychological change over the life span social, cognitive, personality School counseling and guidance in school settings Educational learning and teachingAreas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Psychobiology brain and behavior studied at many levels often uses animals as research model Experimental basic laboratory focus animals or humans learning, memory, motivation Cognitive experimental human memory, perception, etc.Areas of Specialization: Areas of Specialization Social social influences on cognition and emotion attitudes and beliefs Personality individual differences perception by others Industrial/organizational people and work job satisfaction training and selectionProfessional Work Settings: Professional Work Settings Colleges and universities Clinical settings Elementary and secondary schools Business Government