Mr I Noy

Harmonized Research on ITS: 

Transport Canada Harmonized Research on ITS Y. Ian Noy, Ph.D., P.Eng., CPE Director, Standards Research and Development Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate Transport Canada UNECE ITC: ITS Roundtable Geneva Feb 18, 2004

Outline: 

Outline The safety risks of in-vehicle ITS Governments’ role and challenges International Harmonized Research Agenda IHRA and WP.29 liaison

Of all transportation-related fatalities, 94% are on the road: 

WHO estimates 1,171,000 deaths annually costing $2,342,000,000,000 Road Air Marine Rail Of all transportation-related fatalities, 94% are on the road

Focus on Human Error (Treat et al. 1977): 

Focus on Human Error (Treat et al. 1977)

Intelligent Transport Systems : 

Intelligent Transport Systems

Intelligent Automobiles: 

Intelligent Automobiles In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) - compete with driving task: telecommunications and infotainment systems (e.g., e-mail, Internet access), navigation systems Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) - support driving task: collision warning systems, adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, lane change aids, and parking aids.

ITS Safety, or IS IT?: 

Safety impact depends largely on the extent to which the system supports users’ needs, and is compatible with human capabilities and limitations ITS technology is safety neutral - Its implementation is safety critical ITS Safety, or IS IT?

Government’s Role: 

Government’s Role Encourage technologies that are likely to have safety benefits Discourage technologies that are likely to have an adverse effect on safety

Direct Safety Risks - IVIS: 

Direct Safety Risks - IVIS Driver distraction Driver overload Driver confusion

Human Causes of Crashes (NHTSA, 1995): 

Errors of Situation Awareness43% Human Causes of Crashes (NHTSA, 1995)  

Driver Distractions: 

Driver Distractions Visual (eyes off road) Manual (hands off wheel) Cognitive (mind off driving) Auditory (sounds)

Sources of Distraction: 

Sources of Distraction Wireless communication (cell phones) Navigation system destination entry Map and other complex visual displays In-vehicle office tasks (e-mail, PDA, Internet) Infotainment (location-based services, DVD) Warnings from driver assistance systems Multifunction displays and controls

Levels of Driver Assistance: 

Levels of Driver Assistance Information Warning Active controls (e.g., gas pedal) Partial control of vehicle functions (steering, stop&go) Complete control of vehicle (AHS)

Direct Safety Risks - ADAS: 

Direct Safety Risks - ADAS Driver distraction Driver overload Driver confusion False or nuisance alarms Command effect

Rationalizing Automation: 

Rationalizing Automation Each level has unique safety issues Each level must coexist with other levels Progression from one level to next is not incremental – it represents a radical change to the driving task

Indirect Safety Risks: 

Indirect Safety Risks Behavioural adaptation Increased exposure Loss of skill & negative transfer Violation of expectation (by non-users) Collision migration (MV to SV, to other users, etc.)

ITS Safety Research Programs: 

ITS Safety Research Programs Europe EC FP5: HASTE EC FP6: eSafety, AIDE, PReVENT, HUMANIST France, UK, Germany (ADAM), Netherlands North America CAMP, IVI, SAVE-IT Japan ASV Australia

Key Challenges for Government: 

Key Challenges for Government Traditional policy paradigms not suitable: Design cycle shorter than policy cycle Technology is diversifying rapidly Behavioural science lags technology Integration by consumer, not industry Jurisdictional boundaries no longer valid

Need for New Paradigm: 

Need for New Paradigm Driver-system integration must be an integral part of motor transport system development. This has implications for: System design Regulatory policy

Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV):International Harmonized Research Activities: 

Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV): International Harmonized Research Activities Australia Canada France Germany Hungary Italy Japan the Netherlands Poland Sweden U.K. U.S.A. EC EEVC

ESV: IHRA Working Groups: 

ESV: IHRA Working Groups Active safety Intelligent Transport Systems Passive safety Advanced Offset Frontal Crash Protection Pedestrian Safety Biomechanics Vehicle Compatibility Side Impact

IHRA-ITS : Objectives: 

IHRA-ITS : Objectives to coordinate international policy-oriented research to minimize the potential adverse consequences of on-board ITS technologies. to develop procedures for the evaluation of safety of in-vehicle information, control and communication systems. to provide an international view of the state of research into understanding the safety impact of driver workload and distraction.

Aspects of System Safety: 

Aspects of System Safety System Reliability Reliability of hardware and software, the propensity for malfunction and the potential to go into a dangerous and/or unanticipated safety mode. Human Machine Interaction (HMI) Key issues are function allocation, the design of interface, definition of dialogue between the user and the system. Overall Traffic System The aggregate effect on the traffic system as a whole.

Summary of Activities: 

Summary of Activities Conceptual Framework Workshops Survey of current research Priority Projects

IHRA ITS Priority Projects: 

IHRA ITS Priority Projects Development of a harmonized safety evaluation methodology framework Driver understanding and expectation of ITS systems Human factors principles checklist Normative data on naturalistic driving behavior Simulator reference test scenarios Improved secondary task methodology for evaluating safety effects of driver workload Harmonization and validation of surrogate safety measures

Importance of ITS Safety Research: 

Importance of ITS Safety Research Elaborates the role of governments with respect to ITS safety ITS safety is currently unregulated; therefore, there is a reasonable prospect for harmonized policies based on shared scientific understanding of the issues

IHRA-WP.29 Liaison: 

IHRA-WP.29 Liaison IHRA research focus Summarize state of knowledge Coordinate joint research Develop test procedures WP.29 regulatory focus Identify regulatory needs and priorities. IHRA could coordinate the regulatory development research needed to support WP.29 work program