Unit 15

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Unit Fifteen Introduction to Splendid Shennongjia

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Introduction to Splendid Shennongjia Shennongjia, Ecological Kingdom Shennong Altar Savages

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In Shennongjia, the only best reserved green land in China, there lie splendid scene sights with vast trees, primitive ecological system, abundant diversity of creature, adaptable climatic conditions, primitive and particular inland and mountain culture，which compose splendid scene sights . That is why Shennongjia has been compared to a green pearl, a natural botanical garden and zoology, a refugee camp for creature, a warehouse for creature of genes, a natural museum, a cool kingdom and etc.

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Many scenic spots in the world are not as beautiful as Shennongjia. 1.7- Million-year history contains numerous legends and fairy tales. The highest mountain in Shennongjia is Shennongding, the first peak in center of China. Shennong Jitan was built by local people in memory of Shennong. People also want to unravel the mystery of savages in Shennongjia. From the view of sights and history, we can see a beautiful and splendid Shennongjia with old mystery and modern civilization.

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Notes: 1. In Shennongjia, the only best reserved green land in China ，there lie splendid scene sights with vast trees, primitive ecological system, abundant diversity of creature, adaptable climatic conditions, primitive and particular inland and mountain culture. “the only best reserved green land in China” 是 Shennongjia 的同位语．

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神农架是我国内陆保存完好的唯一一片绿洲。神农架茫茫的林海，完好的原始生态系统，丰富的生物多样性，宜人的气候条件，原始独特的内陆高山文化，共同构成了绚丽多彩的山水画卷。也使神农架享有了“绿色明珠”、“天然动植物园”、“生物避难所”、“物种基因库”、“自然博物馆”、“清凉王国”等众多美誉,天上人间多胜境，难比神农好风光。170万年的繁衍生息，为这里孕育了无数神奇，编织了太多神话。 这里有号称“华中第一峰”的神农顶，有当地人为纪念神农氏而建的神农祭坛, 还有尚待证实的野人之迷。穿越时空的隧道，在这里印入我们眼帘的是古老的神奇和现代的文明交织在一起的具有无穷诱惑力的美丽神奇的神农架。 美丽神奇的神农架 back

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Shennongjia, Ecological Kingdom Passage 1

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Near the east entrance to Wu Gorges, between three Gorges and Daba Mountains, a stream winds its way across remote high mountains and deep valleys where lies Shennongjia, an ancient and miraculous primitive forest which is the largest natural Oriental Botanical garden and zoology in center of China.

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It is said that Shennong ( magic farmer in Chinese), Yan Emperor, who supposedly lived from 2700 to 2600 BC, used to experiment with herbs for medicinal purposes. He climbed up the high and steep cliff with Jiazi, the ladder in Chinese. Therefore, the place was given the name, Shennongjia. With a warm and humid climate, Shennongjia State Nature Reserve provides a paradise for a diversity of plants and animal species.

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Emmenopherys Henry has already been extinct in other places, and it can only grow in China. Shennongjia is one of the places for it to live in. Tiejian Fir, more than 1184 years old, is 36 meters tall with the diameter as 2.38 meters. Even five people can not embrace it together with hands in hands. This is the first great grand tree in Shennongjia，the king of trees. As a living fossil, it witnesses the changes on terrain. Besides, there are many precious herbs, like Ganoderma Lucidum, and windpipe trachea.

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七叶一枝花 头顶一颗珠 back

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Some precious animals live here, like golden monkeys, white bears, white deer, wild goats and tigers and etc. Even the chicks here can grow much bigger and heavier than those in other places. In 1958, the chicks grown at Shitouwu, one village in Shennongjia, had been shown in the Agriculture Products Exhibition in Beijing. However, the diversity of livings is more than that. The change of climate is up to the altitude of mountains.

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Shennongjia covers about 3250 squares kilometers, where there are at least 20 mountains above 2000 or 3000 meters higher than the sea level. The most famous one is Shennongding, the first peak in Center of China. As the main peak in Shennongjia, Shennongding is 3104.5 meters high. Naturally, one can see clouds sea and forest swarm at the top.

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风景美丽的神农顶 back

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There live firs, azaleas, and bamboos on the steep southern hillside of Shennongding, and grass, bamboo, fir on the flat hillside of northern Shennongding. On the half way to the top grow some precious herbs like windpipe trachea, asarum, and gadol. Rare animals like golden monkeys, white bears, antelopes and tufted deer live there too. The top of the mountain which is the primitive barren land remains only moss and fern ,on which there is no living animals at all.

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Notes: 1. winds its way: 蜿蜒而行 2. where lies Shennongjia : 一般顺序是 Shennongjia lies in high mountains and forests .此处是地点状语提前， 所以倒装表强调。 3. Emmenopherys Henry :香果树 4. windpipe trachea :七叶一枝花, asarum :细辛, gadol: 红景天, 均为名贵中草药. 5. tufted deer：毛冠鹿

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New Words: azaleas n 杜 鹃 diameter n 直径 diversity n 多样性 extinct a 灭亡 herb n 中草药 miraculous a 奇迹的 witness n & v 目击者， 目击

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I. Answer the questions: 1. Where is Shennongjia? 2. How could Shennongjia get its name? 3. Does Shennongjia State Nature Reserve provide a paradise for a diversity of plants and animal species ? Set some examples. 4. Is Shennongding the first peak in Center of China? 5. How high is Shennongding? Exercises: Key Key

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II. Decide the statements true or false: 1 Shennongjia is the only largest natural Oriental Botanical garden in center of China. ( ) 2 The chicks in Shennongjia can grow as heavy as those in other places. ( ). 3. The change of climate is up to the altitude of mountains. ( ). 4. There are firs, azaleas, and bamboos on the top of Shennongding. ( ) 5. Shennongding is 1161.4 meters higher than Guangmingding. ( ) Key

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在长江三峡和汉水大巴山东段， 贴近巫峡东口，一条溪流，蜿延而下，流经深山和幽谷，这一片山林就是华中地区最大的植物园和动物园—神农架。 相传生活在公元前2600年—2500年的炎帝神农氏曾在此采药尝百草，因山势高峻陡峭，只好搭架而上，故名“神农架”。 Translation： 生态王国—神农架

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神农架气候温和，空气湿润， 生长动植物种类繁多。香果树，如今在世界其它地方都已绝迹，可是在中国却能存活,神农架就是其中一个地方。铁箭杉,树龄至少也有1184岁，有36米高，直径为2.38 米。即便是五个人手拉手合抱也不能将其环绕一周。这是神农架的第一大树，有“树王”之称，并享有“活化石”之美名，历经了世间的沧桑变化。此外，这里还有不少名贵中草药，如灵芝菌，七叶一枝花等。还有不少珍奇动物，如金丝猴，白熊，白鹿，野山羊等等。连这里的鸡都长得比别处的大得多，重得多。1958年，石头屋的鸡曾在北京参加过全国农产品展。然而，神农架的生物的多样性并非仅限于此。海拔不同，生长的动植物也不同。

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神农架风景区方圆3250平方公里，有20多座山峰均超过二、三千米，主峰神农顶海拔3105.4米，号称“ 华中第一峰”。人站在神农顶上，可将层层山林，莽莽云海尽收眼底。 神农顶南坡较陡，生长冷杉，高山杜鹃，箭竹。北坡较缓，也长箭竹及冷杉，山腰以下，还生长名贵药材七叶一枝花，细辛, 红景天。那里也是珍贵稀有动物白熊、金丝猴，黄门羚，毛冠鹿出没的地方。山顶生长苔藓，蕨类等。这里是原始的荒原, 没有动物生存的迹象。 back

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Shennong Altar Passage 2

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It takes you four hours driving from Yichang to Xingshan, and in about another hour you will arrive at the Shennongjia Scenic Spots. The south gate of Shennongjia-- Shennong Altar is here, which was built by the local people in memory of Shennong, the Yan Emperor. The scenery core of Shennong Altar is composed of the Entrance to Da Ya, (one village in Shennongjia), the sacrifice square, and the grand statue of Yan Emperor.

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In the district, the magnificent and demure statue of Shennong is the main character and visual key of all the orders in sacrifice with 25-metre-high earth as its body on which stand double ox-horns. The statue is designed according to the legend that Yan Emperor had ox-horns on the head and one human-being body. This just reflects the history that the ox had been worshiped as God by Human -beings. Until recently, in the places where Miao People (one minor nation in China) live, there is still a custom to take the ox-horn as decoration on head.

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The facial features of the head of the statue are blur but mysterious. From a watching tower, the best place to watch the statue, one road leads to the square as large as 3000 square meters. On the two sides of the square, two walls stretch with embossments recording Shennong’s achievements that he united peoples, planted corns and grains, experimented herbs for medicinal purposes, ploughed terrain with ox, had the market at noon, and did irritation, forestation and some tools in personal and etc.

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back 莽 莽 雪 原

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When the day comes to pray happiness in sacrifice, there are the ancient vessels with lighted candles and incense pot on the altar, and serial bells, drums, and some instrument made in bamboo and some pot for burning incense on the two sides, flags around the square to protect the center, the main place for sacrifice. Next to the center, tower-like pots are around one vessel for burning incense. Chu Culture, (the ancient culture of Hubei province ) as well as the music was the main character of typical sacrifice in South China.

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The other interesting place in Shennong Altar is an Innate Bridge refering to a dragonhead –like stone under which, there is an innate cave, as high as 17metres high, as deep as 10 metres, as wide as four metres in the upside, and five meters in the downside. When Huang Yan river floods through the cave, the innate stone can run over the river like the bridge. Groups of monkeys live around the innate bridge, and giant Salamander and other precious fish swim freely in the river. In the deep of the cave, even remain the signs of primitive people. This adds undoubtedly mystery to Shennong Altar.

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Notes: 1. maidenhair tree：白果树 2. musk deer, and Eupteleaceae. 麝，领春木。 New Words: condense v. 压缩 sacrifice n. 祭祀demure a. 端庄 notable a. 著名的embossment n. 浮雕

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Exercises: I. Answering the questions: 1. Where is Shennong Altar? 2. How could Shennong Altar get its name? 3. What is the scenery core of Shennong Altar? 4. What is the statue of Shennong Altar like? 5. What are the achievements created by Shennong? Set some examples? Key Key

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II. Decide the statement true or false: 1. The facial features of the head of the statue are blur but mysterious. ( ) 2. The watching tower is the best place to watch the statue. ( ) 3. When the day comes to pray happiness in sacrifice, there are only on the altar the ancient vessels with lighted candles. ( ) 4. Nobody in the world now takes the ox-horn as decoration on head. ( ) 5. Innate stone is over a cave through which runs Huang Yan river. ( ) Key

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Translation： 神农祭坛风景区 从宜昌往兴山方向驱车四小时, 就到达了神农架风景区的南大门--神农祭坛，它是当地老百姓为了拜谒炎帝神农氏新辟的神坛。 神农祭坛核心区位于神农顶的对面, 高大的炎帝神农氏的塑像、祭祀广场等内容组成的主体祭祀区，主轴线方向从祭祀广场到炎帝塑像至大垭垭口，遥对神农顶。

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雄伟、庄严、肃穆，气势宏大。炎帝神农像是整个祭祀序列的主体和视觉中心，它以大地为躯，头像高25米。头部牛角横伸，是根据“炎帝牛首人身”的传说设计的，这是牛图腾的真实历史，直到现在苗族地区还有戴牛角的仪式和装饰。神农头像五官模糊，显示出一种朦胧感，体现某种远古神秘的气氛。

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神农像前设有瞻仰天台，是瞻仰神农像的最佳位置。自天台向下，有台阶通往祭祀广场。3000平方米的广场，正面有大屏壁向两侧展开，以浮雕形式记载了神农的各项功业：民族团结、农耕始祖、医药救民、驯牛以耕、日中为市、穿井灌溉、木石陶具。 每年祭祀之日，祭坛上设大型九鼎八簋，两侧置编钟、编磬、大鼓及丝竹管弦乐器；外围旌旗环立，中为主祭位，下列大鼎供焚香燃烛，左右有立塔式熏香炉。整个祭祀活动以楚文化为基调，以音乐为载体，是中国南方祭祀活动的代表。

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神农祭坛的另一名胜风景是天生桥。天生桥是貌似龙头的石头架立黄岩河上，石头下有一天生穿洞，高约17米，深10米，洞上方宽4米，下方宽5米，河水穿洞下泻，使黄岩河两岸一桥横贯东西，因非人工开凿，故名“天生桥”。 天生桥周围常有野生猴群出没,溪水中栖息着大量的---大鲵(娃娃鱼)和众多野生鱼类。天生桥内留存着原始巴人的生活足迹。这无疑给神农祭坛增添了几分神秘色彩。 back

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Passage 3 Savages

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One can not think of Shennongjia without the primitive forests, nor the forest without savages. People are not sure whether they still live. The secret of their existence is really a great suspense for many years. Records did take some information about them. “There are dangers are in Fang County, because of steep mountains, deep forests, and caves as big as houses and savages with great fur and hair. When they came out, they might have human beings, chicks and dogs as their food.

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People who wanted to protect themselves would be fought back. Powers and guns could not be used against the attack from savages for such kinds of weapons can not hurt them”, said the Fang Village History. At one o’clock, May 14th, 1976, when five officers passed by Chunshuya, a village in Shennongjia, in the jeep the driver suddenly saw a strange animal coming towards. The five officers got off the jeep, and watched it from one or two meters away. It had a long and brown face, an extruding mouth, human-like ears and eyes,

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long hair on the forehead, brown fur on the body and no tails at all. The tall and fat animal moved slowly but walked uprightly. The next day, six witnesses reported it to the bureau, which attached great importance to the finding, and set a commission to explore the secret about savages. Even lots of brave man tried to recover the secret veil, but all in vain. Until the year of 2005, some people have respectively witnessed the savages in February, April and June.

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According to the records, some experts thought savages may be one group of anthropoid apes. Anthropoid apes can be classified into chimpanzees, gorillas, gibbons, and orangutans. It is possible for one group of anthropoid apes to live among deep mountains in the forests where there still exist lots of primitive plants, like Emmenopherys Henry, although its evolution is unsetting and uncertain. As we know that the golden monkeys can go through with apes, could one group of them have a chance to weather the crisis under the special circumstance to keep company with their old friends?

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However, rather than the creature itself, only the records could not prove its existence scientifically but its mystery. Can the scientists prove it? Let’s hang on for the ride. In a word, since there are too many mysteries in the primitive forests the mountains, the culture, and the savage, a trip to Shennongjia can be full of various focuses: sightseeing for holidays, adventures, and scientific researches.

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Notes: 1. Anthropoid apes can be classified into chimpanzees, gorillas, gibbons, and orangutans.：类人猿包括黑猩猩、大猩猩、长臂猿，和猩猩 2. go through think and thin：患难与共 3. weather the crisis:度过难关 4. Let’s hang on the ride : 让我们拭目以待 New Words: anthropoid apes n. 类人猿 extruding a. 向外突起

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I. Answer the questions: 1. Are there any records about savages in Shennongjia? Could you set some examples about the reference? 2. What did the savages have as their food according to the records? 3. What was the savage like according to what the officers recorded in 1976? 4. What are the savages according to the analysis of scientists? 5. Are the scientists very sure of their hypothesis? Exercises: Key

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II. Decide the statements true or false: 1. People who wanted to protect themselves would not be fought back from the savages according to the Fang Village History. ( ) 2. The officers in 1976 watched the savages from100 meters away. ( ) 3. A trip to Shennongjia can be full of various focuses: sightseeing for holidays, adventures, and scientific researches. ( ) 4. Rather than the living himself, only the records could not prove its existence scientifically but its mystery. ( ) 5. No one has found the signs of savages since 1976. ( ) Key

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提到神农架，人们不禁会想起神农架的原始森林，提到神农架的原始森林，人们也自然会想到野人。人们不知这“野人”现在是否存在。 野人一说历史上早有记载。清代《房县志》载有“房县高险幽远，石洞如房， 多毛人，长丈余，遍体生毛，时出啮人鸡，犬, 拒者必遭樱搏，以枪炮击之不能伤。” Translation: 神农架野人

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1976年5月14凌晨一时，林区五位领导干部乘吉普车由陨阳驶过椿树垭时，司机突然在车灯前方发现迎面走来一奇异动物，五位干部急忙下车，在相距一、二米处围观此物，其特征是：脸长，麻色，吻部突出，眼耳似人，额部有毛，无尾，直立行走，体高肥壮，行动缓慢。神农架林区六位同志目睹这一奇异动物后的第二天，立即向有关部门作了汇报，引起了他们的极大重视，并组织了科学考察团赴神农架考察，但一无所获。 到了2005年，又有人三次目击野人。

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有科学家根据所记载的内容，认为野人可能是类人猿。类人猿包括黑猩猩、大猩猩、长臂猿，和猩猩。尽管生物进化无常,可是神农架这一带原始森林，生长有香果树等原始植物,在这个特定的生态环境下，会不会还有一支猩猩没有绝迹，慢慢地适应和生存下来呢？大家知道和猩猩同生死、共患难了上百万年的金丝猴，仍还健在，猩猩为什么不能九死一生渡过难关，残留下一支后裔继续和金丝猴作伴呢？ 让我们拭目以待科学考察的结果！ 既然神农架有群山，文化，还有野人的传说，神农架一行就有了不少看点，可以旅游观光，探险，也可进行科学考察。 back

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I. 1. Near the east entrance to Wu Gorges, between three Gorges and Daba Mountains, a stream winds its way across remote high mountains and deep valleys where Shennongjia lies. 2.It is said that Shennong, (magic farmer in Chinese), Yan Emperor, who supposedly lived from 2700 to 2600 BC used to experiment with herbs for medicinal purposes. He climbed up the high and steep cliff with Jiazi, the ladder in Chinese. The place was given the name, Shennongjia. Key ( Unit 15) Passage 1 back

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3.Shennongjia provides a paradise for a diversity of plants and animal species. Henry Emmenopherys in Chinese have been extinct in anywhere else except China. Shennongjia is one of the places for it to live in. 4. Yes 5. 3104.5 meters. II. 1F 2F 3T 4F 5T back back

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I. 1. Four hours from Yi Chang to Xin Shan by bus ,there lies Shennong Jitan ,built by local people in memory of Shennong ,the Yan Emperor. 2. Shennong Jitan is built by local people in memory of Shennong ,the Yan Emperor. 3. The scenery core of Shennong Jitan is composed of the Entrance to Da Ya, (one village in Shennongjia) ,the Fete square, and the grand statue of Yan Emperor. Passage 2 back

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4. The magnificent and demure statue of Shennong is the main character and visual center of all the orders in sacrifice, with the earth as its body, and on which stand double ox –horns. The facial features of the head of the statue are blur but mysterious. 5. He united peoples, planted corns and grains, experimented herbs for medicinal purposes, ploughed terrain with ox, had the market at noon, and did irritation, forestation and some tools in personal. II. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T back back

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I. 1. Yes . Records did take some information about them. 2 . They might have human beings, chicks and dogs as their food. 3 . It had a long and brown face, an extruding mouth, human-like ears and eyes, long hair on the forehead, brown fur on the body and no tails at all. The tall and fat animal moved slowly but walked uprightly. 4. According to the records, some experts thought savages may be one group of anthropoid apes. 5. No. Let’s hang on for the ride. II. 1.T 2. F 3. T 4.F 5. F Passage 3 back back

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Thank You

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盛装的苗家女 back

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传说中的神农架野人 back

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神农架滑雪场 back

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神农架溪流 back

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美丽的神农架 back

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神农架野人科考队 back

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神农架滑雪场 back

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高山峻岭 云海天连 back

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莽 莽 雪 原 back

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冰 天 雪 地 神 农 架 back

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神农架滑雪场 back

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冷 杉 千年银杏树 back back

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金 丝 猴 back

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神农架莽原 back

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中国鸽子树--珙桐 back

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神农祭坛 back

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神 农 溪 漂 流 back

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a bear a tiger Golden Monkeys giant salamander back

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back

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back the main peak