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WALTHAM ® THE WORLD’S LEADING AUTHORITY ON PET CARE AND NUTRITION

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Basic principles of pet nutrition

What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ?: 

What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ? A diet which matches the nutrient and energy requirements of an animal regardless of its lifestage or lifestyle

What are nutrients ?: 

What are nutrients ? Nutrients are the components of food which have a function in ….. Providing energy Providing material for growth, repair, reproduction Starting and controlling various processes, e.g. vitamin C and immune system iron and red blood cells

Nutrients include …..: 

Nutrients include …..

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The function of carbohydrate is ... Energy (eg for the brain, muscles) Digestive health - fibre increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation fermented to produce short chain fatty acids to feed the lining of the digestive tract

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Protein is required for ….. Tissue building and maintenance e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle, antibodies, enzymes, hormones Regulation of metabolism e.g. insulin, thyroxin Energy

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Quality depends upon ….. digestibility EAA profile Quantity of N to make new AA’s Lowest quality Highest quality Eggs & milk Meat (fish bird, mammal) Vegetable / plant Lacking in some EAA’s Contains right balance of all EAA’s

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Concentrated energy source Source of essential fatty acids Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Fat soluble vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat Insulation and protection of organs Palatability Brain and retinal development Skin & coat condtion

EFA’s are important in maintaining healthy skin and coat condition: 

EFA’s are important in maintaining healthy skin and coat condition Most animals have a requirement for polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid

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Contains hydrogen and oxygen ESSENTIAL for normal function Function required for all body fluids carrier of vitamins (C, B) dissolves nutrients and transports them around the body heat exchange Source - e.g. vegetables, meat

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Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash) divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous microminerals (trace elements) In excess most are toxic Important for bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium components of many enzymes

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Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body) water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted) Function: eyesight - vitamin A antioxidants - vitamin C and E skeleton - vitamin D metabolism - vitamin E Sources: cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables

Nutritional balance(WALTHAM): 

Nutritional balance(WALTHAM)

What about energy ? why is it so important ?: 

What about energy ? why is it so important ?

Food energy: 

Food energy Animals eat to satisfy their energy requirement

What about energy requirement?: 

What about energy requirement? EI>EE (gain weight) EI<EE (lose weight) Energy intake has to match energy requirement more closely than nutrients

Energy content of food: 

Energy content of food 1 gram of carbohydrate equals 4.15kcal of energy 1 gram of fat equals 9.4kcal of energy 1 gram of protein equals 5.65kcal of energy

Energy efficiency: 

Energy efficiency gases Energy used Heat urine faeces No animal is able to utilise all the energy in its food !

Energy Needs: 

Energy Needs Body Size Body composition Degree of exercise Physiological state and Ambient temperature

Designing balanced diets: 

Designing balanced diets

Criteria for a complete diet: 

Criteria for a complete diet Each nutrient is ... in a useable form

Feeding objectives - Puppies: 

Feeding objectives - Puppies Diet- correct amount and balance of nutrients to support body functions Diet - permit normal development and growth -genetic potential Diet- palatable

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A puppy grows about 12 times faster than a human baby Growth - Dogs 18 years 18 months

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Adult cats needs 4 x and dogs 2 x the protein of an adult human Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a baby Human Dog Cat Baby Puppy Kitten

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Dog Vs. Human On a kg for kg basis..... 4 times the Protein 2.5 times Vitamin A 5 times Vitamin D 25% more Vitamin B1 2 times Vitamin B2 12 times the Calcium

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? Do giant breed puppies require extra supplementation ?

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Answer: NO As long as they are receiving a nutritionally balanced diet Daily Nutritional Requirements/day Weight Energy Protein Calcium Phosphorus Vitamin E Chihuahua Irish Wolfhound Ratio to energy Ratio to energy 1kg 150kcal 8.25g 0.3g 0.3g 1.9mg 30kg 3200kcal 176g 6.4g 6.4g 40mg 0.055 0.002 0.002 1.27x10 -5 0.055 0.002 0.002 1.25 x 10 -5

Growth: 

Growth Animals fed to achieve maximal growth may deposit excess body fat- obesity in adult life >OCD> HD Optimal growth and body composition is achieved by feeding a controlled rate of 85% of maximal intake Peak growth > adult requirement

Feeding adult dogs: 

Feeding adult dogs

Feeding Objectives: 

Feeding Objectives Provide correct amount, balance and availability of nutrients to sustain physical and mental health and activity Promote peak condition concentrated to meet requirements- single meal per day palatable

Energy requirements are dependent upon ….: 

Energy requirements are dependent upon …. Activity

Feeding during: 

Feeding during Pregnancy and Lactation

Feeding objectives: 

Feeding objectives Supply energy and nutrients to meet the maintenance PLUS Support foetal growth and development during pregnancy and milk production

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It is said that................... a lactating bitch/queen will require 3 times more nutrients at peak lactation than during maintenance

Objectives of Senior Nutrition: 

Objectives of Senior Nutrition Positively influence age-related metabolic processes and changes Enhance life expectancy Increase quality of life Prevent against age-related diseases

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What is in Pedigree? Wholegrain Cereals Chicken Cereal & Vegetable by-products and Proteins Vegetable Oils Iodised Salt Essential Vitamins & Minerals Preservatives, Antioxidants & Flavours

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A dog is not a human being…..

Home made diets: 

Home made diets Will not meet energy requirement of a dog Not balanced- needs supplements Not suitable for all life stages Imbalance leads to poor growth, skin and hair coat problems, poor immunity Contains either deficient or excess of nutrients- toxicity or deficiency symptoms

Home made diets….: 

Home made diets…. Prepare fresh everyday/ every meal quantity consumed will be more Bowel movements irregular, watery faeces No uniformity in ingredients used -poor appetite and imbalance

Advantages of WALTHAM-Pedigree Dog food: 

Advantages of WALTHAM-Pedigree Dog food a nutritionally complete and balanced diet- optimum growth no toxicity or deficiencies no nutrient interactions good bioavailabilty of nutrients

Waltham - Pedigree foods...: 

Waltham - Pedigree foods... Consistency in quality Guarantee of safety Designed with specific lifestages in mind Convenient, Palatable, easy to store and carry Quantity consumed less Regular bowel movements and well formed fecal consistency

What is the advantage of Pedigree and Whiskas: 

What is the advantage of Pedigree and Whiskas

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WALTHAM

What is the advantage of Pedigree & Whiskas : 

What is the advantage of Pedigree & Whiskas Long history of designing prepared petfoods Large contribution to current understanding of cat and dog nutritional requirements Continuing research to further understanding Dietary analysis Digestibility testing Palatability testing This results in ……..

Highly palatable diets which are nutritionally balanced!: 

Highly palatable diets which are nutritionally balanced!

Products Leading in World Sales: 

A third of the world’s dogs and cats fed on prepared pet foods enjoy a product underpinned by WALTHAM science Products Leading in World Sales

Hints and tips on feeding prepared petfood: 

Hints and tips on feeding prepared petfood When introducing a new diet always introduce it gradually Always make sure fresh water is available Ensure that the owner adjusts food allowance taking into account body composition If feeding scraps, treats or another food source need to reduce amount of main meal offered

Hints and tips on feeding prepared petfood: 

Hints and tips on feeding prepared petfood Cats are grazers and can be fed ad lib. Leave food down or feed 2 to >5 sml meals per day Dogs are less able to adjust food intake feed allowance in 1 - 2 meals a day

Benefits to Pet Owner: 

Benefits to Pet Owner Freedom from worry about what to feed about satisfying the pet’s nutrient requirements about the pet being ill or unhappy Pride and pleasure from a healthy and happy pet from a beautiful pet

Benefits to Pet: 

Benefits to Pet Strong bones Strong teeth Healthy coat / fur Less disease Strong immune system Healthy cells

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A Healthy Dog . . . Is a Happy Dog.