DESIGNING A TEMPERATURE SENSOR

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By: praveen.tulasi3 (15 month(s) ago)

it's nice presentation

 

By: rohit18 (29 month(s) ago)

Please avail us with the required presentation on temperature sensing

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DESIGNING A TEMPERATURE SENSOR: 

DESIGNING A TEMPERATURE SENSOR We will be using the following format for designing this circuit: CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT

CREATING THE INPUT: 

CREATING THE INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT The input is the part that senses temperature and converts it to a voltage. INPUT

CREATING THE INPUT: 

CREATING THE INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT We want a VOLTAGE to represent the temperature, but the sensor only changes RESISTANCE. So we add another resistor to form a POTENTIAL DIVIDER.

CREATING THE INPUT: 

CREATING THE INPUT CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT When this POTENTIAL DIVIDER is connected across the supply, the output produces a voltage proportional to the temperature. The hotter it gets, the higher the voltage.

CREATING THE CONTROL: 

CREATING THE CONTROL CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT The voltage from the input changes only a small amount so we need to use a device that is very sensitive to changes in input. An OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER is an ideal choice. One type designed specifically for this application is known as a COMPARATOR. IC number: LM311

CREATING THE CONTROL: 

CREATING THE CONTROL CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT A basic rule on how a COMPARATOR operates is: If Vin+ > Vin- then the output is ON So if we connect the signal from the sensor to Vin+, we can connect a voltage to Vin- as a comparison. The connections for the COMPARATOR are shown below:

CREATING THE CONTROL: 

CREATING THE CONTROL CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT Remember: If Vin+ > Vin- then the output is ON Reference Voltage To produce the REFERENCE voltage to compare against, we need another POTENTIAL DIVIDER. The one shown has had a POTENTIOMETER (variable resistor) added to provide an adjustable output: The range is about to 0.75v to 8.25v

CREATING THE CONTROL: 

CREATING THE CONTROL CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT R5 has been added to provide some HYSTERISIS. This means it has slightly different switch-on and switch-off points – it prevents CHATTERING! Here is what we have so far with the inputs connected to the COMPARATOR

CREATING THE OUTPUT: 

CREATING THE OUTPUT CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT The most basic one is a TRANSISTOR driver. We need around 150mA for a relay. A BC337 can deliver around 500mA so this will be suitable. We want to switch on a relay when the circuit activates, but the output from the COMPARATOR is not powerful enough. We need a DRIVER. Collector Base Emitter

CREATING THE OUTPUT: 

CREATING THE OUTPUT CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT The resistor R6 restricts the current flow into the transistor protecting it from damage. Notice the addition of diode D1, this is to prevent damage caused by high EMF voltages generated in the coil. The transistor needs a couple of additional components to protect it.

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: 

OUTPUT PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER CONTROL INPUT This is what we have so far.

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: 

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT So connecting them all together produces:

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER: 

PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT The voltage supply needs to be DECOUPLED. This means putting a capacitor across the supply to smooth it and improve circuit performance.

COMPLETED CIRCUIT: 

COMPLETED CIRCUIT CONTROL OUTPUT INPUT The circuit is now complete, showing the switched output connections from the relay. Try this on Crocodile Clips or LiveWire.