china 7

CHINAPeople's Republic of China : 

CHINA People's Republic of China

The background of China: 

The background of China For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight.

Basic information : 

Basic information Location : Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam Area : total: 9,596,960 sq km land: 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km Land boundaries : total: 22,117 km border countries: Afghanistan 76 km, Bhutan 470 km, Burma 2185 km, India 3380 km, Kazakhstan 1533 km, North Korea 1416 km, Kyrgyzstan 858 km, Laos 423 km, Mongolia 4677 km, Nepal 1236 km, Pakistan 523 km, Russia (northeast) 3605 km, Russia (northwest) 40 km, Tajikistan 414 km, Vietnam 1281 km regional border: Hong Kong 30 km, Macau 0.34 km

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Capital : Beijing Religion : Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1-2%, Christian 3-4% (2002) note: Officially atheist Languages : Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), minority languages Currency: yuan (CNY)

The politic system : 

The politic system Government type: Communist state Independence: 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) National holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949) Executive branch: chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) and Vice President ZENG Qinghong (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003); Vice Premiers HUANG Ju (since 17 March 2003), WU Yi (17 March 2003), ZENG Peiyan (since 17 March 2003), and HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003)

The population of China : 

The population of China Population: 1,306,313,812 (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 21.4% (male:148,134,928; female:131,045,415) 15-64 years: 71% (male:477,182,072; female:450,664,933) 65 years and over: 7.6% (male:47,400,282; female:51,886,182) (2005) Median age: total: 32.26 years male: 31.87 years female: 32.67 years (2005) Population growth rate: 0.58% (2005 est.)

Urban/rural population distribution: 

Urban/rural population distribution Urban rural

International airport: 

International airport Pudong International Airport is located in the east of Shanghai, covering an area of 40 km2, about 30 km away from the city center, and about 40 km away from Hongqiao International Airport. communication, surveillance, weathering and logistics service etc. It is capable of providing 24-hour round service. The terminal building of Pudong International Airport is composed of two parts, i.e. main building and long terminal concourse, both 3-storey structured, and connected by two passages. The building covers an area about 280,000 m2, with thirteen conveying luggage belts and twenty-eight boarding bridges; the area of food & drinks facilities and other leasing service facilities reaches 60,000 m2.

Beijing international airport: 

Beijing international airport

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Project for the new passenger terminal

China economy overview: 

China economy overview In late 1978 the Chinese leadership began moving the economy from a sluggish, inefficient, Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented system. Whereas the system operates within a political framework of strict Communist control, the economic influence of non-state organizations and individual citizens has been steadily increasing. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis, China in 2004 stood as the second-largest economy in the world after the US, although in per capita terms the country is still poor. Agriculture and industry have posted major gains especially in coastal areas near Hong Kong and opposite Taiwan and in Shanghai, where foreign investment has helped spur output of both domestic and export goods. The leadership, however, often has experienced - as a result of its hybrid system - the worst results of socialism (bureaucracy and lassitude) and of capitalism (growing income disparities and rising unemployment). China thus has periodically backtracked, retightening central controls at intervals. The government has struggled to (a) sustain adequate jobs growth for tens of millions of workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, migrants, and new entrants to the work force; (b) reduce corruption and other economic crimes; and (c) keep afloat the large state-owned enterprises, many of which had been shielded from competition by subsidies and had been losing the ability to pay full wages and pensions.

GDP growth : 

GDP growth Sharp increase in GDP during the reform period GDP has risen from Rmb362.4 billion in 1978, at the start of the reform period, to Rmb13.7 trillion in 2004 (both figures at current prices). Individuals have also become richer, with annual GDP per head rising during that time from Rmb379 to Rmb10,502.

Structure in the Chinese economy : 

Structure in the Chinese economy AGRICULTURE (%) INDUSTRY (%) SERVICES (%)

Agriculture & Industries: 

Agriculture & Industries Agriculture products : rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed, pork, fish . Industries: mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites Industrial production growth rate :27.7% (2005 est.)

China's current-account balance 1982-2005 : 

China's current-account balance 1982-2005 1982 First full current-account figures published. Small current-account surplus reflects the surplus on merchandise trade. 1985-86 Current-account deficit produced by the trade deficit resulting from the initial surge in foreign direct investment (FDI), although this is tiny by comparison with FDI inflows after 1991. 1990-91 A huge cutback in government spending and bans on imports of items such as official cars helped to slash imports and push the current-account balance back into surplus. 1993 The sharp rise in FDI starting in 1992 pulled in large quantities of foreign equipment, causing a lapse into trade and current-account deficits in 1993. 1997-98 Slack home demand coupled with impressive export growth ensured that the current-account surplus was about US$30bn. Although imports surged following China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001, exports grew faster, boosting the current-account surplus to US$68.7 billion in 2004. In 2005 the surplus widened further, reaching US$160.8, equivalent to over 7% of GDP.

Labor force: 

Labor force Labor force :791.4 million (2005 est.) Labor force - by occupation: agriculture 49%, industry 22%, services 29% (2003 est.) Unemployment rate: 4.2% official registered unemployment in urban areas in 2004; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20%

Trade: 

Trade China's global trade exceeded $1 trillion ($1.15 trillion) in 2004, more than doubling from 2001. The trade surplus however was stable at $30 billion. (>40 billion in 1998, <30 billion in 2003). China's primary trading partners include Japan, U.S., South Korea, Germany, Singapore, Malaysia, Russia, and the Netherlands. According to U.S. statistics, China had a trade surplus with the U.S. of $170 billion in 2004, more than doubling from 1999. Wal-Mart, the United States' largest retailer, is China's 7th largest export partner, just ahead of the United Kingdom.

FDI inflows in US$ billion, 1984-2003: 

FDI inflows in US$ billion, 1984-2003 The rise of foreign direct investment (FDI) During the Mao period (1949-1976), China spurned foreign investment and paid back all its foreign loans (mostly to the Soviet Union) by 1965. After taking over economic policy at the end of 1978, Deng Xiaoping opened up China to foreign trade and investment and in the early 1980s the first Special Economic Zones were set up to absorb direct investment from Hong Kong and elsewhere. During the 1980s, FDI inflows grew steadily but remained relatively low, confined largely to joint ventures with Chinese state-owned enterprises. After the Beijing Massacre in 1989, western and Japanese companies withheld investment in China, but the momentum was maintained, partly by a new influx of capital from Taiwan. Deng Xiaoping toured Guangdong and Shanghai in early 1992, encouraging a further and much more massive wave of foreign direct investment, increasingly in the form of wholly-owned subsidiaries of foreign companies, which contributed towards an acceleration in GDP growth and inflation. FDI inflows peaked at over US$45bn a year in 1997-98. A further surge in FDI preceded and accompanied China's accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in December 2001, promoting China to top position as an FDI destination in 2003. In the early 1990s, contracted FDI exceeded actually used FDI by a large margin. This gap narrowed in the second half of the decade as the authorities became more realistic in registering inflows and as the pace of increase slowed, but it has widened again sharply in recent years. By 2003 contracted FDI was more than double utilised FDI. Actually used FDI totalled US$60.6 billion in 2004, having risen sharply in the first three quarters of the year and more slowly in the last quarter.

Statistics: 

Statistics Exports: $762.0 billion (2005) Exports - commodities: machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel Exports - partners: US 21.0%, EU 18.1%, Hong Kong 17.0%, Japan 12.4%, ASEAN 7.2%, South Korea 4.7% (2004) Imports: $660.12 billion (2005) Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel Imports - partners: Japan 16.8%, EU 12.4%, ASEAN 11.2%, South Korea 11.1%, US 7.9%, Russia 2.2% (2004)

CHINA & POLAND: 

CHINA & POLAND I. Review of the Bilateral Political Relations On October 5, 1949 Poland announced its recognition of the People's Republic of China, and on October 7 of the same year, the diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level between the two countries were established. The 1950s witnessed a comprehensive development in the Sino-Polish relations, which were characterized by mutual support and close cooperation. High-level visits were exchanged frequently. Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, He Long and other Chinese leaders visited Poland at different times and Premier Zhou Enlai paid two visits. One of Premier Zhou's visits that took place in 1956 right after the October Incident in Poland greatly enhanced the mutual understanding and friendship between the two countries and the two peoples. The Polish leaders Boleslaw Bierut, Edward Ochab, Jozef Cyrankiewicz and others also visited China at different times. While China supported the Polish proposal of nuclear-free zone in Central Europe, Poland also supported China in the war to resist U. S. aggression and aid Korea and in its struggle for the reunification of the motherland and restoration of its lawful seat in the United Nations.

II. Bilateral Economic and Trade Relations and Economic and Technological Cooperation: 

II. Bilateral Economic and Trade Relations and Economic and Technological Cooperation From 1950 to 1990, the Chinese and Polish Governments conducted their trade by keeping accounts under government agreements. The two countries' annual trade volume reached nearly US$1 billion in 1986, setting the highest record in history. The annual trade volume for the period 1996-2000 stood at US$0.62 billion, US$0.705 billion, US$0.815 billion, US$0.86 billion and US$0.96 billion in chronicle order. In 2000, China's trade surplus with Poland was US$0.76 billion. Up to the end of 1999, China's total investment in Poland was about US$45 million, ranking the 26th among the countries which had investment in Poland, and Poland's total investment under the agreements was US$39.21 million and the actual amount invested was US$35.04 million, ranking the 42nd among the countries having investment in China. Poland had 69 investment projects in China. The two countries signed the agreement on the ten-year economic and technological cooperation and decided to establish the inter-government committee of cooperation in economy, trade and science and technology in 1984 when the state councilor and minister of foreign economic relations and trade Chen Muhua visited Poland. In

III.  Bilateral Exchanges and Cooperation in the Fields of Culture, Science and Technology and Education : 

III.  Bilateral Exchanges and Cooperation in the Fields of Culture, Science and Technology and Education Soon after the establishment of diplomatic relations, China and Poland started to exchange students. In March 1950, the Sino-Polish information exchange contract was signed. In April 1951, the two countries signed the cultural cooperation agreement, which was the first cultural agreement ever signed by China with an East European country. In 1954, the two countries signed in Warsaw the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation Between the Governments of China and Poland and set up the Sino-Polish Joint Committee of Scientific and Technological Cooperation, which met every year to decide upon projects for bilateral cooperation, thus putting the scientific and technological cooperation between the two countries on the legal basis in the form of a government agreement and on the track of institutionalization.

  Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui Meets with Member of European Parliament From Poland : 

  Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui Meets with Member of European Parliament From Poland On July 27, 2005, Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui met with the visiting delegation led by Czarnecki, Member of European Parliament from Poland as guests of the Chinese People's Institute of Foreign Affairs (CPIFA). Zhang spoke positively of the development status quo of China-Poland and China-Europe relations, saying that China attaches great importance to developing China-Poland and China-Europe relations and is willing to strengthen such reciprocal exchanges and cooperation. Czarnecki expressed the admiration for the notable achievements made by China since the reform and opening up and the willingness to play constructive roles in advancing China-Poland and China-Europe relations.

Education : 

Education Pre-school EducationChildren aged from 3 to 6 will attend kindergartens near their neighborhoods, where they learn the basics of the native language and subjects. They play games, dance, sing and act. Children are taught from the early year the values of Truth, Kindness and Beauty. Primary School EducationThe primary school education requires six years. Pupils are required to take a variety of subjects such as the Chinese language, fundamental mathematics and moral education. They also take part in sports and extra-curriculum activities. Foreign languages such as English are optional courses in the senior year of the primary education High School EducationHigh school education has two parts, 3-year junior high school program and senior high school.From junior high school, students begin to learn a variety of science subjects such as chemistry, physics and biology and other subjects such as history, geography, and foreign languages. Physical education is enthusiastically encouraged

Higher education : 

Higher education

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Up to 1999, there were 1,071 common colleges and universities countrywide offering 2,754,500 seats to those applying for junior college and bachelor programs, 19,900 seats to those applying for doctoral programs and 72,300 seats to master program applicants, and accommodating 54,000 doctoral candidates and 179,500 master candidates.

About us: 

About us The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad (BOCOG) was established on December 13th, 2001, five months after Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Games.

Green Olympics In Beijing : 

Green Olympics In Beijing Reform and opening up to the outside world have brought about great changes in Beijing, a city with a 3,000-year history. The city has taken on a completely new look as it enters the new century. It will embrace the athletes and friends from the rest of the world attending the Olympic Games with great enthusiasm.

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Mascots: 

Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Mascots

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With our motto "New Beijing, Great Olympics" and our goal to host a "Green Olympics", a "Hi-tech Olympics" and the "People's Olympics", Beijing is ready to become a truly international city. Beijing is showing a new, vigorous image through its on going economic reforms.

WELCOME TO CHINA: 

WELCOME TO CHINA