IPHE JHFC Activities

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Introducing JHFC ( Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell ) Demonstration Program Presented for International Partnership for the Hydrogen Economy 3rd Implementation – Liaison Committee Meeting Reykjavik, Iceland September 24, 2004 by Jinichi Tomuro Hydrogen Project Office Engineering Advancement Association of Japan (ENAA) ENAA

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METI : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry JARI : Japan Automobile Research Institute ENAA : Engineering Advancement Association of Japan NEF : New Energy Foundation METI JARI ENAA NEF FCV Demonstration Study Demonstration Study of Hydrogen Stations Stationary FC Demonstration Study Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project Subsidized by METI JHFC Project Positioning of JHFC Project

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Test Vehicles Hydrogen FCVs Refueling Stations Hydrogen Stations (CH & LH) Period of Implementation 2002 FY ~ 2005 FY (4 years) Amount of Subsidies 2002 FY : 2.0 Billion Yen ($17 Million ) 2003 FY : 2.5 Billion Yen ($20 Million) 2004 FY : 2.0 Billion Yen ($17 Million) Outline of JHFC Project

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FCV extensive demonstration study in Japan. Concurrent operation study of hydrogen stations with different types of fuels and different reforming methods. Subsidy for garage and hydrogen stations from METI. Project management by nonprofit public association. Acquiring test result from participants. Features of JHFC Project

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To clearly show Energy-Saving Effects and Environmental Impacts Energy Efficiency of FCVs compared with ICE. Emissions & CO2 Reduction To acquire Data for Codes & Standards Development and Certification Practices To analyze Well to Tank, Tank to Wheel Efficiencies based on Japanese Situation To raise Public Awareness regarding FCVs and Hydrogen Stations Objectives of JHFC Project

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Partners of JHFC Project (1)

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Partners of JHFC Project (2)

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Partners of JHFC Project (3)

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2004 JHFC Organization ENAA Chairman: 　　　Prof. Kamimoto, Tokai University Vice-Chairman: Prof. Ishitani, Keio University WG1: Operation, Data Analysis WG2: Hydrogen Station WG3: LH Production Technology WG4: Public Relations Safety Promotion Group Total Efficiency Study Group JARI METI JHFC Steering Committee METI : Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry JARI : Japan Automobile Research Institute ENAA : Engineering Advancement Association of Japan

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：constructed in 2002FY ：constructed in 2003FY 1 2 3 4 5 10 7 8 9 6 Garage-Showroom Location of Garage, Showroom & H2 Stations

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JHFC Park (Garage, Showroom, Hydrogen Station) Opening: March 12, 2003 Garage Showroom Yokohama-Daikoku Hydrogen Station JHFC Park

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Site Area : 2,024 sq. meter Floor Area : 977 sq. meter FCV FCV FCV FCV FCV BUS SHOWROOM SERVICE STATION 9m Expanded in December 2003 Constructed in March 2003 GARAGE Layout of Garage & Showroom

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Design & Construction Operation （From NEDO WE-NET Project) Status – Hydrogen Stations

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Objectives of JHFC Project Hydrogen Infrastructure • Hydrogen refueling station technology • Effects on energy saving • Cost evaluation and economical issues • Safety issues • Promotion of H2 refueling stations and their issues • Technology to produce liquid H2 from COG

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Hydrogen Production : 2.7kg(30 m3 （nor）)/h or more (not applicable for re-locatable stations) Hydrogen Quality Hydrogen : 99.99 % or more in volume Impurity *) should be monitored continuously for on-site reformers Refueling : 5 passenger cars or 1 bus Refueling Pressure : 25 MPa and 35 MPa Specification – Hydrogen Stations

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Hydrogen Energy = Heating Value + Energy of Pressure Energy of Pressure (Epf) = R T ln(P/Po) Where, R : Gas Constant T : Absolute Temperature P : Pressure of Hydrogen Po : Atmospheric Pressure Definition of Energy ( Product Hydrogen )

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Calculated Energy ( Product Hydrogen )

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Energy of H2 fed to FT Total of consumed energy (Eo+Σen) ： Efficiency = 35MPa 298K CT：Charge Tank FT：Fuel Tank E0 e1 e2 e3 en Definition of Efficiency ENAA

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H2 Supply to FCV’s : 614.5kg [6840m3(nor)] Compressor 50㎥(nor)/h Suction 4MPa Dispenser High-pressure Cylinders 38MPa 250liters×2 Regular Cylinders 19.6MPa 50liters×30 25MPa 35MPa Hydrogen 614.5kg 77427MJ（LHV） 90946MJ（HHV) Feb.～Dec. 2003 (cumulative) 1222 kW 1 2 4 3 Efficiency of Re-locatable Station Efficiency = 95.2 %(LHV) 95.9 ％(HHV)

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cumulative 401 FCV’s 750.7kg Refueling at Re-locatable Station Refueled Hydrogen ( kg )

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On-site Steam Reforming of Desulfurized Gasoline Compressor Dispenser Storage H2 Production : 3.03kg/h [33.7m3(nor)/h] 100% Load Charge Tank Reformer + PSA 25MPa 35MPa 11.5 kW 9.6 kW Efficiency of Yokohama-Daikoku Station Efficiency = 54.9 %(LHV) 59.8 ％(HHV)

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Cumulative 271 FCV’s 308.3kg Refueling at Yokohama-Daikoku Station Refueled Hydrogen ( kg )

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On-site Steam Reforming of Naphtha Compressor Dispenser Storage H2 Production : 4.78kg/h [53.1m3(nor)/h] Naphtha 22.8kg/h 1013MJ/h(LHV) 1095MJ/h(HHV) 100% Load Charge Tank Reformer + PSA 25MPa 35MPa 11.0 kW 21.0 kW Efficiency of Yokohama-Asahi Station Efficiency = 53.8 %(LHV) 58.9 ％(HHV)

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110 FCV’s 132.0kg Refueling – Yokohama-Asahi Station Cumulative Refueled Hydrogen ( kg )

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On-site Steam Reforming of LPG Compressor Dispenser Storage H2 Production : 4.39kg/h [48.8m3(nor)/h] LPG 18.7kg/h 847MJ/h(LHV) 921MJ/h(HHV) 97.5% Load Charge Tank Reformer + PSA 25MPa 35MPa 7.5 kW 21.3 kW Efficiency of Senju Station Efficiency = 58.7 %(LHV) 63.8 ％(HHV)

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145 FVC’s 155.5kg Refueling at Senju Station Refueled Hydrogen ( kg ) Cumulative

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Dispenser 4000 kW 452kW Certain Period (cumulative) Liquid H2 2823kg 338760MJ(LHV) 400866MJ(HHV) LH2 Tank Vent Stack 35MPa LH2 Dispenser 2019kg Cool-down Loss 25MPa H2 804kg ローリー Boil-off Gas Operation Results at Ariake Station

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354 FCV’s 1149.6kg Refueling at Ariake Station Cumulative Refueled Hydrogen ( kg )

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On-site Steam Reforming of Methanol Compressor Dispenser Storage H2 Production : 5.06kg/h [56.2m3(nor)/h] Methanol 40.8kg/h 810MJ/h(LHV) 926MJ/h(HHV) 100% Load Charge Tank Reformer + PSA 25MPa 35MPa 40.8 kW 14.0 kW Efficiency of Kawasaki Station Efficiency = 63.8 %(LHV) 67.1 ％(HHV)

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32 FCV’s 27.9kg Refueling at Kawasaki Station Refueled Hydrogen ( kg ) Cumulative

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Summary – Station Efficiency

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2002/ Dec. 2003/ Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1315 FCV’s Refueling – All JHFC Stations (1) Cumulative Number of FCV’s refueled

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2002/ Dec. 2003/ Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2527kg Refueling – All JHFC Stations (2) Cumulative Refueled Hydrogen ( kg )

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Min.Detect Analysis Gasoline Naphtha LPG Methanol Conc. Method CO 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.01 GC-FID CO2 0.03 0.03 < 0.01 0.97 0.01 GC-MS Hydrocarbon 1) ：Methane < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 GC-FID ：Others < 0.05 0.11 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 GC-FID Benzene < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.005 GC-FID Sulfide 2) < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 0.0001 IC Methanol < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 GC-MS Formaldehyde (HCHO) < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 DNPH/HPLC Acetoaldehyde < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 DNPH/HPLC Formic acid (HCOOH) < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 IC Acetone < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 GC-MS Ammonia < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.001 IC Water 3.5 < 0.5 24 < 0.5 0.5 Dew point meter Oxygen < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 Trace oxygen meter Argon 0.27 0.09 4.95 < 0.03 0.03 GC-MS Nitrogen 10.7 22.1 3.03 8.01 0.03 GC-MS Helium < 3 < 3 < 3 < 3 3 GC-TCD 1) All hydrocarbon concentrations are expressed as methane-equivalent. 2) All sulfide concentrations are expressed as SO42--equivalent. Feedstock Impurity Gas Analysis ( in volume ppm )

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Schedule – Liquid H2 Production Facility

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○：as designed　　◎：better than design Results of Shakedown Operation

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All six stations planned in FY 2002 were completed and started operation. Yokohama-Tsurumi station re-started operation as the 7th JHFC hydrogen station. As of December 2003, JHFC stations have fueled 2,527 kg of hydrogen for 1,315 FCV’s. Three additional stations have been constructed and will be operated in FY 2004. Liquid hydrogen production facility has been constructed and will supply liquid hydrogen to Ariake station in FY 2004. Summary

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All ten(10) stations will continue operation and support road tests in Tokyo and Yokohama areas. Efficiency of stations will be further investigated. Two additional station will be installed by the end of January 2005 to support FC buses of 2005 Expo in Aichi. Activities in FY 2004 Please visit our web site ! http://www.jhfc.jp Contents are growing day by day.