EMBclass1 5 22 05 staff

Slide1 : Electronics Merit Badge Class 1 Name ____________________


Slide3 : Electronics Merit Badge Class 1 AC Power Sources DC Power Sources Voltage, Current and Resistance Build Circuit with Light, Buzzer and Switch Class 2 Components - Passive and Active Ohms Law Ohms Law Tool Kit Transistor Logic IC Logic Class 3 Binary Logic Binary / Hex Tool Kit LED Circuit Design Class 4 Solder Theory Solder Practice Build LED Kit Pg 2


Slide4 : Electrical and Electronic Engineering Careers 1m 1m All engineers draw from the fundamentals of science and mathematics. They design and work with electrical, electronic, electro-optical, and electromechanical devices, circuits, and systems. Engineering is a discipline that integrates many disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer software and hardware, solid-state electronics, communications, electromagnetics and optics, signals and signal processing, systems science, reliability, engineering economics, manufacturing and many more. Pg 3


Slide5 : 1m 2m Electrical engineers specializing in working with electrical power such as: motors and generators, designing transmission lines and working at power plants. Designing wiring systems for homes and buildings. Electronic Engineers specializing in designing of smaller electronic products such as: Radio”s, television’s, phones, digital and analog circuit technologies computers, games, controls for cars, planes and boats and many more electronic related products. Electrical and Electronic Engineering Careers Pg 4


Slide6 : Two types of Electricity AC = Alternating Current DC = Direct Current Electricity Steam Engine Electric Generator 170 Volts Peak 170 Volts Peak 60 cycles per second Flashlight 1.5 Volt Battery AC = Alternating Current DC = Direct Current Ground or 0 volts + 1.5 Volts RMS 120 VAC 2m 4m Ground 1 Battery + 3.0 Volts 2 Battery + 6.0 Volts 4 Battery + 12.0 Volts 1 Car Battery Typical House Electricity Pg 5 Produces AC voltage


Slide7 : AC stands for _________________ What are some methods used to generate electricity? 1) ______________ 2) ______________ 3) ______________ 4) ______________ 5) ______________ AC Power / Voltage Generation Sub Station Transformer 12,000 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC 500,000 VAC Power Plants generate Electricity at very high voltage levels to reduce cable size and because of voltage losses in transporting it long distances to reach customers. It is stepped down through transformers to 240 VAC at the home 1m 5m Pg 6


Slide8 : AC stands for _Alternating Current_ What are some methods used to generate electricity? 1) _Coal – Steam Generators 2) _Oil – Steam Generators 3) _ Water – Hydro Generators 4) _Nuclear – Steam Generators 5) _ Wind – Wind Generators AC Power / Voltage Generation Sub Station Transformer 12,000 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC 500,000 VAC Power Plants generate Electricity at very high voltage levels to reduce cable size and because of voltage losses in transporting it long distances to reach customers. It is stepped down through transformers to 240 VAC at the home 1m 6m Pg 7


Slide9 : Electric Generation Plants Coal, Gas, Oil-fired Steam Power Plant Hydro (Water) Power Plant Wind Power Plant Gas Turbine Combined Cycle Plant 1m 7m Pg 8


Slide10 : Circuit Breaker / Fuses Electric Meter Electric Breaker Box 240 VAC Electricity from the transformer connect first through the electric meter then through the breaker box to protect the house from overload or short conditions. A breaker box can either have fuses or resettable breakers. The breaker box routes either 240 VAC or 120 VAC electricity to different places. 240 VAC 120 VAC 120 VAC 2m 9m Stove Pg 9


Slide11 : Circuit Breaker / Fuses 120 VAC Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker Is like a light switch. If it is overloaded the switch will overheat and click open. When it cools down the switch can be reset. Fuses A Fuse is like a light bulb. It will pass electricity until it is overloaded, then the metal fuse link will burn open. _____ ________ 120 VAC _______ 1m 10m _______ What’s the Difference Pg 10


Slide12 : Circuit Breaker / Fuses 120 VAC Circuit Breaker A circuit breaker Is like a light switch. If it is overloaded the switch will overheat and click open. When it cools down the switch can be reset. Fuses A Fuse is like a light bulb. It will pass electricity until it is overloaded, then the metal fuse link will burn open. ___Good__ _Open__ 120 VAC _Open__ 0m 10m __Good_ What’s the Difference Pg 11


Slide13 : Computer TV Sewing Machine Microwave Stereo Home Appliances That run on AC Power What are some other common items that use AC Voltage in Homes 1) ______________ 2) ______________ 3) ______________ 4) ______________ 5) ______________ 6) ______________ 1m 11m Pg 12


Slide14 : Computer TV Sewing Machine Microwave Stereo Home Appliances That run on AC Power What are some other common items that use AC Voltage in Homes 1) _Computer_ 2) _Hair Dryer_ 3) _Air Conditioner_ 4) _Toaster_ 5) __Stove___ 6) __Lights____ 1m 11m Pg 13


Slide15 : House Wiring A house is wired with heavy gauge wire to handle 120 Volts AC in order to power high wattage devices. A circuit breaker or fuse is used to protects the wire from getting too hot, and possibly starting a fire. House Items are rated in wattage, but the fuse is rated in amps. How do we know if we are going to overload our fuse or breaker box? Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box 20 A 20 A 20 A 20 A 120 VAC 120 VAC Watts = Volts * amps Amps = Watts Volts Refrig 400 Watts Toaster 1200 Watts TV 300 Watts Microwave 800 Watts Meter 1m 12m Four outlets on one breaker. Pg 14 Hold up toaster shows 1200 watts on one side 1200 watts = 10 amps 120 volts


Slide16 : House Wiring How do we know if we are going to overload our fuse or breaker box? Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded. Calculate total power Refrig. Toaster TV Microwave Power = ________ + ________ + ________ + _______ = ________ Total Watts Amps = watts = _______ = _______ amps Overload Yes or No ________ volts Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box 20 A 20 A 20 A 20 A 120 VAC 120 VAC Watts = Volts * amps Amps = Watts Volts Refrig 400 Watts Toaster 1200 Watts TV 300 Watts Microwave 800 Watts Meter 4m 16m Four outlets on one breaker. If all appliances are On Pg 15 Pass out


Slide17 : House Wiring How do we know if we are going to overload our fuse or breaker box? Determine if the circuit breaker is overloaded. Calculate total power Refrig. Toaster TV Microwave Power = __400_ + _1200_ + __300_ + _800__ = _2700__ Total Watts Amps = watts = _2700_ = __22.5_ amps Overload Yes or No __yes__ volts 120 Circuit Breaker or Fuse Box 20 A 20 A 20 A 20 A 120 VAC 120 VAC Watts = Volts * amps Amps = Watts Volts Refrig 400 Watts Toaster 1200 Watts TV 300 Watts Microwave 800 Watts Meter 0m 16m Four outlets on one breaker. If all appliances are On


Slide18 : Flashlight Direct Current Batteries Light Bulb is a Resistor - - - - - Voltage is the quantity of _Electrical Force____ in Volts Current is the flow of ___Electrons____ in Amps Charged Battery Dis-Charged Battery Protons + Electrons - Carbon Rod Gel Insulator Zinc Casing Switch - - Battery works from a chemical reaction between the carbon rod and zinc case 2m 17m Pg 16


Slide19 : Zinc-carbon battery - Also known as a standard carbon battery, zinc-carbon chemistry is used in all inexpensive AA, C and D dry-cell batteries. The electrodes are zinc and carbon, with an acidic paste between them that serves as the electrolyte. Alkaline battery - Used in common Duracell and Energizer batteries, the electrodes are zinc and manganese-oxide, with an alkaline electrolyte. Lithium photo battery - Lithium, lithium-iodide and lead-iodide are used in cameras because of their ability to supply power surges Lead-acid battery - Used in automobiles, the electrodes are made of lead and lead-oxide with a strong acidic electrolyte (rechargeable). Nickel-cadmium battery - The electrodes are nickel-hydroxide and cadmium, with potassium-hydroxide as the electrolyte (rechargeable). Nickel-metal hydride battery - This battery is rapidly replacing nickel-cadmium because it does not suffer from the memory effect that nickel-cadmiums do (rechargeable). Lithium-ion battery - With a very good power-to-weight ratio, this is often found in high-end laptop and cell phones (rechargeable). Zinc-air battery - This battery is lightweight and rechargeable. Zinc-mercury oxide battery - This is often used in hearing-aids. Silver-zinc battery - This is used in aeronautical applications because the power-to-weight ratio is good. Metal-chloride battery - This is used in electric vehicles Batteries Types 1m 18m Pg 17


Slide20 : Direct Current Typical Battery Rating - How Long will they Last D Cell C Cell AA Cell AAA Cell 4 Amps Hours 2 Amps Hours .5 Amps Hours .2 Amps Hours If a flashlight pulls 1 Amp, how long will each battery last? Time = Amp Hours / Load in Amps D cell = Amp Hours = _____ = _______ hours Amps C cell = Amp Hours = _____ = _______ hours Amps AA cell = Amp Hours = _____ = ________ hours Amps AAA cell = Amp Hours = _____ = ________ hours Amps Flashlight 0.1 Amp 2m 20m 1.5 volts 1.5 volts 1.5 volts 1.5 volts Pg 18 Pass out


Slide21 : Direct Current Battery Types How Long will they Last D Cell C Cell AA Cell AAA Cell 4 Amps Hours 2 Amps Hours .5 Amps Hours .2 Amps Hours If a flashlight pulls 1 Amp, how long will each battery last? Time = Amp Hours / Load in Amps D cell = Amp Hours = __4___ = __40__ hours Amps .1 C cell = Amp Hours = __2___ = __20___ hours Amps .1 AA cell = Amp Hours = ___.5__ = ___5____ hours Amps .1 AAA cell = Amp Hours = __.2___ = ___2____ hours Amps .1 Flashlight 0.1 Amp 1m 21m 1.5 volts 1.5 volts 1.5 volts 1.5 volts Pg 19


Slide22 : 4 Amps Hours 2 Amps Hours .5 .2 = 4 Amps Hours 2 Amps Hours .5 .5 .5 = = 20 X Direct Current Cost of Batteries for the Same Output .5 .5 .5 .5 Amps Hours D Cell $ 1.50 2 - C Cell 2x$1.10 = $2.20 8 – AA Cell 8x$.65 = $5.20 20 – AAA Cell 20 x $.45 = $ 9.00 Same as = 2m 23m Same as Same as Pg 20 8 x .5 = 4 Amps Hours The more Batteries The more waste


Slide23 : Slide Switch Flashlight Diagram 2m 25m Tension Spring (-) Battery Contact Battery Cells Slide Switch Battery Cells Added Poteniometer Changes Light Level Pg 21


Slide24 : 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v = _________Volts Car Battery consist of six 2 Volt cells. How much total Voltage? Direct Current Car Battery System 1m 26m What are some of the electrical items in a car? Horn Pg 22


Slide25 : 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v + 2v = ___12__Volts Car Battery consist of six 2 Volt cells. How much total Voltage? Direct Current Car Battery System 0m 26m What are some of the electrical items in a car? Horn Pg 23 Lights Radio CD Wiper


Slide26 : DC Circuits Wiring Box Build three different DC circuits using the test box Switch Buzzer Light Power Supply Switch Buzzer Light Power Supply Switch Buzzer Light Power Supply Wire to turn Buzzer On/Off Wire to turn Light On/Off Wire to turn Light On in one direction and buzzer on in other direction Pg 24 2m 28m


Slide27 : Direct Current Test Box Draw 3 different wiring test circuits, then pass out boxes. National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse 1m 29m Pg 25 Pass out


Slide28 : Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch Buzzer On / Off - Instructor draws this one first Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Buzzer On 1m 30m 5m 40m Pg 26


Slide29 : Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch Buzzer On / Off - Instructor draws this one first Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Buzzer On 1m 30m 5m 40m Pg 26


Slide30 : Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch Light On / Off Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Light On 2m 32m 5m 45m Pg 27 Pass out


Slide31 : Direct Current Test Box Draw Circuit to Switch Light On / Off Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Light On 2m 32m 5m 45m Pg 27


Slide32 : Direct Current Draw Circuit to Turn Buzzer on in one Direction and Light in other Direction Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Light On Buzzer On 3m 35m Pass out boxes, connect 3 test circuits 5m 50m Pg 28 Pass out


Slide33 : Direct Current Draw Circuit to Turn Buzzer on in one Direction and Light in other Direction Instructor ________ National Scout Jamboree Buzzer Light Switch Power + 12 Fuse Light On Buzzer On 3m 35m Pass out boxes, connect 3 test circuits 5m 50m Pg 28