logging in or signing up Refining Stella Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3517 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 23, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: winsanthanakumar1710 (9 month(s) ago) oh god its a fantastic presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: abhi.bapu (16 month(s) ago) how to download Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kasikasi (31 month(s) ago) how to download this ppt?????? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript What Goes On In An Oil Refinery?: What Goes On In An Oil Refinery? --------AIChE Speaker--------- this presentation is probably too long; pick and choose from this material Introduction : Introduction Introduce Yourself Explain Why You Are Here Explain Why You Are Talking About RefineriesAgenda: Agenda this presentation is probably too long, select from: Introduction What is the Purpose of an Oil Refinery? What Goes In/Out of the Refinery How Do You Get from Crude Oil to Products? Separations Chemical Reactions cont... Agenda - Cont.: Agenda - Cont. How Do You Get from Crude Oil to Products? Separations Chemical Reactions Major Equipment Minimizing Pollution What do The Chemical Engineers Do?Overview : Overview THE PURPOSE OF AN OIL REFINERY IS TO TRANSFORM RELATIVELY LOW VALUE CRUDE OIL INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS AS EFFICIENTLY, PROFITABLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND A WAY AS POSSIBLE Overview - Cont. : Overview - Cont. The price and quality of crudes is constantly changing. The price and specifications of the products is constantly changing. Government regulations add additional constraints. There is not much differential between the price of crude and products. HOW DO I KEEP IN BUSINESS?How Do I Keep In Business ?: How Do I Keep In Business ? I need to design and revamp the plant utilizing the latest technology to be more efficient I need to make the plant more flexible and responsive I need to operate (control) the plant in the most efficient manner possible I need to keep the equipment running all the time I NEED CHEMICAL ENGINEERS!OK, But... WHAT GOES ON IN AN OIL REFINERY?: OK, But... WHAT GOES ON IN AN OIL REFINERY?Slide9: THE REFINERYWhat Is Crude Oil?: What Is Crude Oil? Crude Oil is a liquid mixture of thousands of organic chemicals found underground. It is the result of organic matter decaying over thousands of years; hence the name fossil fuel Crude oil is found all over the world and varies tremendously in its density, aromatics, sulfur, and metals contentMajor Refinery Products: Major Refinery Products LPG (Propane/Butane) GASOLINE (hundreds of blends) JET FUELS DIESEL FUELS HEATING OILS GREASES ASPHALTS COKE (not the kind you drink )Gasoline Specifications: Gasoline Specifications Gasoline must meet many criteria which change with the time of year and geographic location. Some critical specifications are: Vapor Pressure Octane Aromatics / Benzene Content Sulfur Content Gasolines are always a blend of a number of streams in the refineryOther Specifications: Other Specifications Other refinery products must meet other specifications such as: Cetane number Density Pour Point Flash Point ViscositySo, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude? REACTIONS & SEPARATIONSSo, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude? Separate crude into fractions Convert low octane components to higher octane components Convert the very heavy stuff to heavy oils Convert heavy oils to gasoline,diesel,jet fuel Remove sulfur/nitrogen through reaction Blend intermediate streams together to meet product specificationsSEPARATIONS: SEPARATIONSSEPARATIONS - CRUDE FRACTIONATION: SEPARATIONS - CRUDE FRACTIONATION HUGE DISTILLATION COLUMNS ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION VACUUM DISTILLATION TYPICAL SIZE: 150,000 BARRELS/DAY 750 DEGREES FOTHER SEPARATIONS: OTHER SEPARATIONS FLASH DISTILLATION ABSORPTION ADSORPTION SETTLING (WATER/OIL)REACTIONS: REACTIONSREACTIONS: REACTIONS Almost all the reactions in the refinery use special catalysts that increase the rate and selectivity of the reaction. This improves efficiency and reduces unwanted byproducts.Reactions to Make Higher Octane: Reactions to Make Higher Octane ISOMERIZATION C-C-C-C-C-C --> C C nC6 C-C-C-C iC6 REFORMING C-C-C-C-C-C-C --> C nC7 C C-CH3 C C toluene C Reactions To Make Higher Octane: Reactions To Make Higher Octane ALKYLATION C C C=C-C + C-C-C --> C-C-C-C-C C propylene isobutane isoheptane (2,2,dmp)Reactions To Convert Heavy Oils: Reactions To Convert Heavy Oils HYDROCRACKING H2 + heavy oil --> gasoline + diesel 550° F 300° F 450° F use boiling point to describe oils CAT CRACKING heavy oil --> gasoline + propylene, butane, other “light ends” 550° F 300° F Reactions To Convert Resid: Reactions To Convert Resid Resid is the “bottom of the barrel” - the material that is left in the bottom of the crude/vacuum distillation towers COKING resid + heat --> coke + heavy oil > 900° F solid 550° F Reactions To Remove Sulfur: Reactions To Remove Sulfur HYDRODESULFURIZATION 2 R-SH + H2 --> 2 R + 2 H2S mercaptan hydrocarbon SULFUR RECOVERY convert H2S to elemental sulfur: 2 H2S + 2 O2 --> SO2 + S + 2 H2O 2 H2S + SO2 --> 3S + 2 H2O MAJOR REFINERY EQUIPMENT: MAJOR REFINERY EQUIPMENT Vessels-Reactors, Separators, Storage Tanks Pumps & Compressors Furnaces Heat Exchangers Instruments (measure flow, temperature, pressure, composition) Control SystemsMINIMIZING POLLUTION: MINIMIZING POLLUTION Operate Furnaces Efficiently Waste Material Goes To The Flare Stack Avoid Spills & Accidental Releases Special Treatment of Sewer Water Lots of Paper Work!WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BAD STUFF IN THE CRUDE?: WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BAD STUFF IN THE CRUDE? Sulfur converted to elemental sulfur in high sulfur fuel oil in coke Heavy Metals (nickel, vanadium) in high sulfur fuel oil and coke Nitrogen (organic nitrogen) most is converted to ammonia and neutralized in high sulfur fuel oil and cokeWHAT ROLE DO ENGINEERS PLAY IN THE REFINERY?: WHAT ROLE DO ENGINEERS PLAY IN THE REFINERY?What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play?: What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play? Operations Engineer Maintenance Engineer Control Systems Engineer Design Engineer Health/Safety/Environmental Engineer Planning / Scheduling Engineer Reliability Engineer Plant ManagerOther Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry: Other Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry Research & Development Engineers Technical Sales Engineers Engineering & Construction Engineers Governmental Regulators (EPA) University ProfessorsOther Engineering Disciplines In The Refinery: Other Engineering Disciplines In The Refinery Mechanical Engineers - design & maintenance of compressors, vessels … Electrical Engineers - electrical, instrumentation, controls Computer Scientists - main plant control & information systemsWhere to get more information: Where to get more information Other training sessions List books, articles, electronic sources Consulting services, other sourcesSummary: Summary Refineries are very complicated chemical processing plants that use reactions and separations to convert crude oil into gasoline and other valuable products Chemical engineers play an important role in keeping these plants running safely and efficiently You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Refining Stella Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3517 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 23, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: winsanthanakumar1710 (9 month(s) ago) oh god its a fantastic presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: abhi.bapu (16 month(s) ago) how to download Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: kasikasi (31 month(s) ago) how to download this ppt?????? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript What Goes On In An Oil Refinery?: What Goes On In An Oil Refinery? --------AIChE Speaker--------- this presentation is probably too long; pick and choose from this material Introduction : Introduction Introduce Yourself Explain Why You Are Here Explain Why You Are Talking About RefineriesAgenda: Agenda this presentation is probably too long, select from: Introduction What is the Purpose of an Oil Refinery? What Goes In/Out of the Refinery How Do You Get from Crude Oil to Products? Separations Chemical Reactions cont... Agenda - Cont.: Agenda - Cont. How Do You Get from Crude Oil to Products? Separations Chemical Reactions Major Equipment Minimizing Pollution What do The Chemical Engineers Do?Overview : Overview THE PURPOSE OF AN OIL REFINERY IS TO TRANSFORM RELATIVELY LOW VALUE CRUDE OIL INTO HIGH VALUE PRODUCTS AS EFFICIENTLY, PROFITABLY AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND A WAY AS POSSIBLE Overview - Cont. : Overview - Cont. The price and quality of crudes is constantly changing. The price and specifications of the products is constantly changing. Government regulations add additional constraints. There is not much differential between the price of crude and products. HOW DO I KEEP IN BUSINESS?How Do I Keep In Business ?: How Do I Keep In Business ? I need to design and revamp the plant utilizing the latest technology to be more efficient I need to make the plant more flexible and responsive I need to operate (control) the plant in the most efficient manner possible I need to keep the equipment running all the time I NEED CHEMICAL ENGINEERS!OK, But... WHAT GOES ON IN AN OIL REFINERY?: OK, But... WHAT GOES ON IN AN OIL REFINERY?Slide9: THE REFINERYWhat Is Crude Oil?: What Is Crude Oil? Crude Oil is a liquid mixture of thousands of organic chemicals found underground. It is the result of organic matter decaying over thousands of years; hence the name fossil fuel Crude oil is found all over the world and varies tremendously in its density, aromatics, sulfur, and metals contentMajor Refinery Products: Major Refinery Products LPG (Propane/Butane) GASOLINE (hundreds of blends) JET FUELS DIESEL FUELS HEATING OILS GREASES ASPHALTS COKE (not the kind you drink )Gasoline Specifications: Gasoline Specifications Gasoline must meet many criteria which change with the time of year and geographic location. Some critical specifications are: Vapor Pressure Octane Aromatics / Benzene Content Sulfur Content Gasolines are always a blend of a number of streams in the refineryOther Specifications: Other Specifications Other refinery products must meet other specifications such as: Cetane number Density Pour Point Flash Point ViscositySo, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude? REACTIONS & SEPARATIONSSo, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude?: So, How Do You Make Good Stuff Out Of That Gooey Crude? Separate crude into fractions Convert low octane components to higher octane components Convert the very heavy stuff to heavy oils Convert heavy oils to gasoline,diesel,jet fuel Remove sulfur/nitrogen through reaction Blend intermediate streams together to meet product specificationsSEPARATIONS: SEPARATIONSSEPARATIONS - CRUDE FRACTIONATION: SEPARATIONS - CRUDE FRACTIONATION HUGE DISTILLATION COLUMNS ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION VACUUM DISTILLATION TYPICAL SIZE: 150,000 BARRELS/DAY 750 DEGREES FOTHER SEPARATIONS: OTHER SEPARATIONS FLASH DISTILLATION ABSORPTION ADSORPTION SETTLING (WATER/OIL)REACTIONS: REACTIONSREACTIONS: REACTIONS Almost all the reactions in the refinery use special catalysts that increase the rate and selectivity of the reaction. This improves efficiency and reduces unwanted byproducts.Reactions to Make Higher Octane: Reactions to Make Higher Octane ISOMERIZATION C-C-C-C-C-C --> C C nC6 C-C-C-C iC6 REFORMING C-C-C-C-C-C-C --> C nC7 C C-CH3 C C toluene C Reactions To Make Higher Octane: Reactions To Make Higher Octane ALKYLATION C C C=C-C + C-C-C --> C-C-C-C-C C propylene isobutane isoheptane (2,2,dmp)Reactions To Convert Heavy Oils: Reactions To Convert Heavy Oils HYDROCRACKING H2 + heavy oil --> gasoline + diesel 550° F 300° F 450° F use boiling point to describe oils CAT CRACKING heavy oil --> gasoline + propylene, butane, other “light ends” 550° F 300° F Reactions To Convert Resid: Reactions To Convert Resid Resid is the “bottom of the barrel” - the material that is left in the bottom of the crude/vacuum distillation towers COKING resid + heat --> coke + heavy oil > 900° F solid 550° F Reactions To Remove Sulfur: Reactions To Remove Sulfur HYDRODESULFURIZATION 2 R-SH + H2 --> 2 R + 2 H2S mercaptan hydrocarbon SULFUR RECOVERY convert H2S to elemental sulfur: 2 H2S + 2 O2 --> SO2 + S + 2 H2O 2 H2S + SO2 --> 3S + 2 H2O MAJOR REFINERY EQUIPMENT: MAJOR REFINERY EQUIPMENT Vessels-Reactors, Separators, Storage Tanks Pumps & Compressors Furnaces Heat Exchangers Instruments (measure flow, temperature, pressure, composition) Control SystemsMINIMIZING POLLUTION: MINIMIZING POLLUTION Operate Furnaces Efficiently Waste Material Goes To The Flare Stack Avoid Spills & Accidental Releases Special Treatment of Sewer Water Lots of Paper Work!WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BAD STUFF IN THE CRUDE?: WHAT HAPPENS TO THE BAD STUFF IN THE CRUDE? Sulfur converted to elemental sulfur in high sulfur fuel oil in coke Heavy Metals (nickel, vanadium) in high sulfur fuel oil and coke Nitrogen (organic nitrogen) most is converted to ammonia and neutralized in high sulfur fuel oil and cokeWHAT ROLE DO ENGINEERS PLAY IN THE REFINERY?: WHAT ROLE DO ENGINEERS PLAY IN THE REFINERY?What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play?: What Role Do Chemical Engineers Play? Operations Engineer Maintenance Engineer Control Systems Engineer Design Engineer Health/Safety/Environmental Engineer Planning / Scheduling Engineer Reliability Engineer Plant ManagerOther Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry: Other Ways Chemical Engineers Support The Refining Industry Research & Development Engineers Technical Sales Engineers Engineering & Construction Engineers Governmental Regulators (EPA) University ProfessorsOther Engineering Disciplines In The Refinery: Other Engineering Disciplines In The Refinery Mechanical Engineers - design & maintenance of compressors, vessels … Electrical Engineers - electrical, instrumentation, controls Computer Scientists - main plant control & information systemsWhere to get more information: Where to get more information Other training sessions List books, articles, electronic sources Consulting services, other sourcesSummary: Summary Refineries are very complicated chemical processing plants that use reactions and separations to convert crude oil into gasoline and other valuable products Chemical engineers play an important role in keeping these plants running safely and efficiently