Ancient Greek Political Systems and Theories Sarah

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Presentation Transcript

Ancient Greek Political Systems and Theories: 

Ancient Greek Political Systems and Theories Sarah Ridge

Political Theories: 

Political Theories Ideas spread city to city by debating philosophers Audiences were young men looking to be successful

Socrates: 

Socrates Founder of Western Political Theory Believed happiness did not come from things Ideas passed down though Plato

Plato: 

Plato Student of Socrates First real political philosopher of the western world Wrote The Republic

Aristotle: 

Aristotle Brilliant student of Plato’s Wrote many treatises, including Politics Believed in six types of government

Ancient Greece: 

Ancient Greece

Dark Ages of the Ancient Greece: 

Dark Ages of the Ancient Greece After the Minoan and Mycenaean Periods 1100 BCE - 800 BCE Declining population and culture Very poor and no trade Anarchy Art of writing lost Mycenaean Writing

Rebuilding of Greece after The Dark Ages: 

Rebuilding of Greece after The Dark Ages 800 BCE Oligarchy rule New buildings dedicated to the Gods not Kings

Expansion and Development: 

Expansion and Development Men built and expanded city-states The Phoenician alphabet was developed

City-States: 

City-States Population grew Trade increased City-states became political units that replaced war-oriented kingdoms

Sparta: 

Sparta City states made up of: City Surrounding farm lands Villages Largest city-state 3000 square miles

City-States: 

City-States Polis (city-state) “mini-countries” Open access to law and justice Own Coinage Own System of measurement

City-states: 

City-states All started out as Monarchies Overthrown by disgruntled citizens

Oligarchy: 

Oligarchy “Rule by a few” Followed Monarchy rule Had absolute power Some ruled over a council

Athens’ Oligarchs: 

Athens’ Oligarchs Nine archons divided duties Elected or appointed by lot No written laws Same class - same interests

Tyranny: 

Tyranny An Aristocrat trying to be in sole power Like a king without hereditary rights Needed support of the people Many tyrants loved by their people

Draco: 

Draco Athenian Legislature Given authority to codify laws First time laws in writing Severe and harsh “written in blood” “Draconian law” - term still used today

Solon: 

Solon Reformed Athenian Constitution Main desire Eliminate injustice Establish good order

Ancient Greek Courts: 

Ancient Greek Courts Court system run by ‘amateurs’ Trials lasted 1 day Two litigants Audience Jury Decided punishment

Slide20: 

Government varied region to region Most ruled either by Tyrants Oligarchy

Slide21: 

Small size of city states allowed for experimentation in their political structure In some areas, free male citizens made decisions

Peisistratus: 

Peisistratus Greek Tyrant who followed Solon Improved Athenian lives Public building programs First welfare program

Hippias and Hipparchus: 

Hippias and Hipparchus Piesistratus’ sons Took over rule at his death Not well-liked

Hipparchus: 

Hipparchus Took care of religious matters and the gods Assassinated in 514 BC

Hippias: 

Hippias Took care of political matters After he survived an assassination attempt, he was exiled in 510 BC

Cliesthenes: 

Cliesthenes Great statesman Founder of Democracy Best known for reforms to Athenian Constitution Introduced political equality

Cliesthenes - Political Equality: 

Cliesthenes - Political Equality Eliminated the 4 traditional tribes based on family Reorganized people into 10 tribes based on where they lived Each tribe elected 50 people - formed assembly of 500 Encouraged all citizens to get involved, but he gave his family more power

Cliesthenes - Ostracism: 

Cliesthenes - Ostracism Introduced ostracism (banishment from the city) From ostrako - a fragment of pottery A vote of 6000 citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years

Pericles: 

Pericles Brilliant speaker Strong leader Gave People paying jobs Paid assembly members so that commoners could afford to participate in politics

Pericles: 

Pericles Patron of the arts Masterminded construction of the Parthenon Rebuilt most of the major temples Set up collision course with Sparta

Pericles - Democracy: 

Pericles - Democracy Democracy developed on majority rule Individuals have a voice through their vote Democracy comes from demokratia demos = common people kratos - rule or strength

Ancient Greek Democracy - Who Had the Rights?: 

Ancient Greek Democracy - Who Had the Rights? Only citizens could vote Free men, both parents of Athenian descent No women, slaves, children or, metics (people, even Greeks, from other city-states) NO

Spread of Democracy: 

Spread of Democracy Slowly other city-states began to introduce democracy Democracy was also tried in non-Greek states as well

Greek Legacies: 

Greek Legacies Center for the: Arts Learning Philosophy Cradle of Western Civilization Birthplace of Democracy

Political Greek Legacies: 

Political Greek Legacies

Trial By Jury: 

Trial By Jury When a group of citizens decides if a person is innocent or guilty of a crime Serving on a jury was a citizen’s duty

Legacies of Greek Philosophy: 

Legacies of Greek Philosophy Socrates and the Socratic Method Plato Aristotle And many others

The End: 

The End