logging in or signing up filtering for smrc dsc Spencer Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 183 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: December 10, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems Center for Watershed Protection Copyright 2000, CWPFiltering Systems Six Design Variations: Filtering Systems Six Design Variations Surface sand filter Perimeter sand filter Organic sand filter Underground sand filter Pocket sand filter BioretentionFilter System Design Components: Filter System Design Components Flow Regulation Diversion of only water quality volume to facility Pretreatment Trapping of coarse sediments to extend design life Filter Bed and Filter Media Primary treatment component of facility Outflow/Overflow Safe conveyance of all storms through facility Slide4: Copyright 2000, CWPFilter Media Comparison of Different Media Properties: Filter Media Comparison of Different Media Properties Sand Silt Loam Compost Peat Permeability (cm/hr) 3.3 0.1-0.4 - 0.25-140 Water holding capacity (cm/cm) 0.14 .07-0.1 - .01-0.2 Bulk density (g/cm) 2.65 1.25 1-2 <0.1-0.3 pH - 5.7 7.8 3.6-6.0 Organic matter (%) <1 <20 30-70 80-98 Cation exchange capacity 1-3 12-18 66 183-265 Total phosphorus (%) 0 0.09 <0.1 <0.1 Total nitrogen (%) 0 0.15 <1.0 <2.5 Filtration efficiency after 18 in. (%) 93 94 16 47Sand Filter Selection Guide Most Appropriate Option by Land Use: Sand Filter Selection Guide Most Appropriate Option by Land Use Filter Ultra- Parking Roads Residential Pervious Rooftop urban lots Surface Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No Yes Underground Ideal Yes Maybe Maybe No Yes Perimeter Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No Yes Pocket Yes Yes Maybe Yes No Yes Organic Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe Yes Bioretention Maybe Ideal Yes Yes Yes Yes Ideal: the best alternative Yes: greatly suitable Maybe: may be suitable under certain conditions No: seldom or never suitable Sand Filter Selection Guide Key Feasibility Factors: Sand Filter Selection Guide Key Feasibility Factors Filter Space Minimum Maintenance Cost consumed head burden Surface 2-3% 5 feet annual moderate Underground none 4 feet semi-annual high Perimeter 2-3% 3 feet annual moderate Pocket 2-3% 3 feet annual moderate Organic 1-2% 5 feet annual high Bioretention 5% 4 feet semi-annual lowSurface Sand Filter Design Features: Surface Sand Filter Design Features Aboveground facility First developed in Austin, Texas Wet or dry pretreatment (3 ft. min.) 18 inch sand filter bed Exfiltration or underdrain system Concrete or earth construction Designed to treat larger drainage areasSlide9: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide10: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide11: Copyright 2000, CWP Copyright 2000, CWPPerimeter Sand Filter Design Features: Perimeter Sand Filter Design Features Located at the perimeter of parking lots Developed originally in Delaware Two parallel trench chambers Two foot wet pool pretreatment 18 inch sand filter bed Underdrain system Ideal for small, highly impervious areas Ideal for flat areas with relatively low available head.Slide13: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide14: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide15: Copyright 2000, CWPOrganic Filter Design Features: Organic Filter Design Features Aboveground filter system Organic medium replaces or augments sand Peat & leaf compost, two most common media 24 inch peat/sand filter bed 18 inch compost filter bed (proprietary system: CSF Treatment Systems, Inc.) Exfiltration or underdrain system Cover crop desirable for peat/sand systemPeat Sand Filters : Peat Sand Filters Peat Qualities: High cation exchange capacity High C:N:P ratio (microbial) High organic matter content (80-98%) Moderately decomposed, fibric or hemic (reed-sedge) Stays in placeSlide18: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide19: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide20: Copyright 2000, CWPUnderground Sand Filter Design Features: Underground Sand Filter Design Features Below-ground facility Developed in District of Columbia Three foot wet pool pretreatment 24 inch sand filter bed Underdrain system Confined space considerationsSlide22: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide23: Copyright 2000, CWPPocket Sand Filter System Components: Pocket Sand Filter System Components Simplified low cost alternative Primarily for very small sites Level spreader, grass filter, plunge pool pretreatment 18 inch sand filter bed Exfiltration or underdrain system Cover crop with pea gravel windowSlide25: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide26: Copyright 2000, CWPSand Filter Flow Regulation : Sand Filter Flow Regulation Locate off-line to handle only WQv storm Requires flow diversion structure to bypass larger storms Diversion structure can either be located at facility (preferred) or upstream Sand Filter Pretreatment Alternative Techniques for Different Filter Options: Sand Filter Pretreatment Alternative Techniques for Different Filter Options Surface sand and organic filters dry detention for 24 hours, or wet pool with dry detention above Underground sand filter wet pool at least 3 feet deep & dry detention above Perimeter sand filter wet pool with 2 foot depth & dry detention above Pocket sand filter concrete level spreader, filter strip & plunge poolSand Filter Pretreatment Sizing Criteria: Sand Filter Pretreatment Sizing Criteria Area based on WQV Camp-Hazen equation: As = -(Qo/W)*Ln(1-E) As = 0.066 (WQV) ft2 for I < 75% As = 0.0081 (WQV) ft2 for I > 75% Vmin = 3/4 (WQV)Sand Filter bed Sizing Criteria: Sand Filter bed Sizing Criteria Darcy’s Law Af =WQV*(df)/[k*(hf + df)(tf)] where: Af = surface area of filter (ft2) WQV = treatment volume (ft3) df = filter bed depth (ft) - can vary depending on the site conditions but should not be more 24" (18" is the standard) k = coefficient of permeability (ft/day) hf = average head above filter bed (ft) - varies depending on the site conditions, but should not exceed 6 feet tf = time to filter through bed (days) - A value of 40 hours is recommended Sand Filter Media Coefficient of Permeability Values: Sand Filter Media Coefficient of Permeability Values Filter Media Sand Peat/sand Compost Coefficient of Permeability (k, ft/day) 3.5 2.75 8.7Sand Filter Media Design Components: Sand Filter Media Design Components 18-24 inch filter bed (sand or organic) Cover crop for some applications grass-peat/sand, surface, pocket pea gravel window-pocket gravel and geotextile-underground Observation wells/cleanout pipesSand Filter Overflow System Components: Sand Filter Overflow System Components Flow distribution vault or weir 6-11 inch gravel underdrain system 4-6 inch perforated collection pipe Overflow or bypass weir or pipe Gate valve for dewatering Outlet chamberSand Filter Construction Specifications: Sand Filter Construction Specifications Parameter Specification Size Sand ASTM C-33 concrete, medium agg. .02-.04in. Peat Ash content: <15% Reed-sedge pH range: 5.2-4.9 hemic peat Bulk density: .12-.15 g/cc Leaf Compost CFS Treatment Systems Underdrain gravel AASHTO M-43 1/2-2 in. Geotextile fabric ASTM D-751, D-1117, and D-1682 Imperm. Liner ASTM D-751, D-412, D-624, and D-471 30 mil thick PVC Piping AASHTO M-278 4-6 in. (Sch. 40) Sand Filter Maintenance: Sand Filter Maintenance Maintenance Element Debris cleanout Vegetation Filter bed chamber Sedimentation chamber Structural components Outlet/overflow structures Inspection Frequency Quarterly Monthly (during growing season) Semi-annually Semi-annually Annually Annually Required Actions Remove buildup Regular mowing, repair erosion, revegetate Replace clogged surface, or manual manipulation Clean-out when depth > 12 in., limit vegetation height Repair/replace damaged components Repair/replace clogged/failing elementsBioretention Areas: Bioretention Areas Economical for small sites (1 acre or less) Easy to construct Compatible with commercial landscaping needs Utilizes existing open space Limited performance data suggests pollutant removal comparable to or better than other filtering practicesSlide39: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide40: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide41: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide42: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide43: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide44: Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention System Components: Bioretention System Components Off-line design Pea gravel filter diaphragm Grass buffer strip Ponding area Pea gravel overflow drain Organic layer (mulch) Planting soil Plant materials (trees/shrubs) Gravel/pipe underdrain systemBioretention Flow Regulation Diversion for Off-line Design: Bioretention Flow Regulation Diversion for Off-line Design Runoff capture of WQv Two flow splitter design options within drainage system within filtering practice itself Simple three step design compute WQv and WQ peak discharge size low flow hydraulic structure to practice size larger storm overflow structureBioretention Pretreatment Filter Strip Sizing Criteria: Bioretention Pretreatment Filter Strip Sizing Criteria Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention Pretreatment Grass Channel Sizing Guidance: Bioretention Pretreatment Grass Channel Sizing Guidance Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention Filter Media Design Components: Bioretention Filter Media Design Components Af = WQV ((df)/k((h + df)(tf) where: Af = Surface area of the bioretention planting bed (ft2) WQv = Water quality treatment volume (ft3) df = Planting soil bed depth (ft) – 4 ft recommended k = Coefficient of permeability for planting soil bed (ft/day) - k = 0.5 ft/day: Median value of a silt loam h = Average height of water above the bioretention bed (ft); havg = ½*hmax - h is equal to 3", assuming a maximum ponding depth of 6" above the planting soil bed tf = Time required for the Water Quality Treatment Volume (WQV) to filter through the planting soil bed - A value of 72 hours is recommended Bioretention Filter Media Design Components: Bioretention Filter Media Design Components Af = D.A. x 5.0% x Rv where, Af = the required surface area of the bioretention facility, D.A. = the drainage area, and Rv = the volumetric runoff coefficientBioretention Areas Specifications: Bioretention Areas Specifications Minimum width = 15 to 25 feet Minimum length = 30 to 50 feet Length to width ratio of 2:1 for widths > 15 feet Maximum ponding depth = 6 inches Maximum planting soil depth = 4 feet Drainage area = 0.25 to 1.0 acres Maximum slope = 20% Maximum entry velocity = 3 feet/secondLandscaping a Bioretention Area: Landscaping a Bioretention Area Minimum 3 species of trees and shrubs (each) Trees planted 12 feet on center (1000 stems/acre) Native trees and shrubs selected for tolerance for: pollution ponding dry soil Mulch layer typically shredded hardwood mulch Locate plant material near perimeter but not at inflow Care and replacement warranty (80% - one year) Normal landscaping maintenance You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
filtering for smrc dsc Spencer Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 183 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: December 10, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems Center for Watershed Protection Copyright 2000, CWPFiltering Systems Six Design Variations: Filtering Systems Six Design Variations Surface sand filter Perimeter sand filter Organic sand filter Underground sand filter Pocket sand filter BioretentionFilter System Design Components: Filter System Design Components Flow Regulation Diversion of only water quality volume to facility Pretreatment Trapping of coarse sediments to extend design life Filter Bed and Filter Media Primary treatment component of facility Outflow/Overflow Safe conveyance of all storms through facility Slide4: Copyright 2000, CWPFilter Media Comparison of Different Media Properties: Filter Media Comparison of Different Media Properties Sand Silt Loam Compost Peat Permeability (cm/hr) 3.3 0.1-0.4 - 0.25-140 Water holding capacity (cm/cm) 0.14 .07-0.1 - .01-0.2 Bulk density (g/cm) 2.65 1.25 1-2 <0.1-0.3 pH - 5.7 7.8 3.6-6.0 Organic matter (%) <1 <20 30-70 80-98 Cation exchange capacity 1-3 12-18 66 183-265 Total phosphorus (%) 0 0.09 <0.1 <0.1 Total nitrogen (%) 0 0.15 <1.0 <2.5 Filtration efficiency after 18 in. (%) 93 94 16 47Sand Filter Selection Guide Most Appropriate Option by Land Use: Sand Filter Selection Guide Most Appropriate Option by Land Use Filter Ultra- Parking Roads Residential Pervious Rooftop urban lots Surface Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No Yes Underground Ideal Yes Maybe Maybe No Yes Perimeter Yes Ideal Maybe Maybe No Yes Pocket Yes Yes Maybe Yes No Yes Organic Maybe Yes No Maybe Maybe Yes Bioretention Maybe Ideal Yes Yes Yes Yes Ideal: the best alternative Yes: greatly suitable Maybe: may be suitable under certain conditions No: seldom or never suitable Sand Filter Selection Guide Key Feasibility Factors: Sand Filter Selection Guide Key Feasibility Factors Filter Space Minimum Maintenance Cost consumed head burden Surface 2-3% 5 feet annual moderate Underground none 4 feet semi-annual high Perimeter 2-3% 3 feet annual moderate Pocket 2-3% 3 feet annual moderate Organic 1-2% 5 feet annual high Bioretention 5% 4 feet semi-annual lowSurface Sand Filter Design Features: Surface Sand Filter Design Features Aboveground facility First developed in Austin, Texas Wet or dry pretreatment (3 ft. min.) 18 inch sand filter bed Exfiltration or underdrain system Concrete or earth construction Designed to treat larger drainage areasSlide9: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide10: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide11: Copyright 2000, CWP Copyright 2000, CWPPerimeter Sand Filter Design Features: Perimeter Sand Filter Design Features Located at the perimeter of parking lots Developed originally in Delaware Two parallel trench chambers Two foot wet pool pretreatment 18 inch sand filter bed Underdrain system Ideal for small, highly impervious areas Ideal for flat areas with relatively low available head.Slide13: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide14: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide15: Copyright 2000, CWPOrganic Filter Design Features: Organic Filter Design Features Aboveground filter system Organic medium replaces or augments sand Peat & leaf compost, two most common media 24 inch peat/sand filter bed 18 inch compost filter bed (proprietary system: CSF Treatment Systems, Inc.) Exfiltration or underdrain system Cover crop desirable for peat/sand systemPeat Sand Filters : Peat Sand Filters Peat Qualities: High cation exchange capacity High C:N:P ratio (microbial) High organic matter content (80-98%) Moderately decomposed, fibric or hemic (reed-sedge) Stays in placeSlide18: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide19: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide20: Copyright 2000, CWPUnderground Sand Filter Design Features: Underground Sand Filter Design Features Below-ground facility Developed in District of Columbia Three foot wet pool pretreatment 24 inch sand filter bed Underdrain system Confined space considerationsSlide22: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide23: Copyright 2000, CWPPocket Sand Filter System Components: Pocket Sand Filter System Components Simplified low cost alternative Primarily for very small sites Level spreader, grass filter, plunge pool pretreatment 18 inch sand filter bed Exfiltration or underdrain system Cover crop with pea gravel windowSlide25: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide26: Copyright 2000, CWPSand Filter Flow Regulation : Sand Filter Flow Regulation Locate off-line to handle only WQv storm Requires flow diversion structure to bypass larger storms Diversion structure can either be located at facility (preferred) or upstream Sand Filter Pretreatment Alternative Techniques for Different Filter Options: Sand Filter Pretreatment Alternative Techniques for Different Filter Options Surface sand and organic filters dry detention for 24 hours, or wet pool with dry detention above Underground sand filter wet pool at least 3 feet deep & dry detention above Perimeter sand filter wet pool with 2 foot depth & dry detention above Pocket sand filter concrete level spreader, filter strip & plunge poolSand Filter Pretreatment Sizing Criteria: Sand Filter Pretreatment Sizing Criteria Area based on WQV Camp-Hazen equation: As = -(Qo/W)*Ln(1-E) As = 0.066 (WQV) ft2 for I < 75% As = 0.0081 (WQV) ft2 for I > 75% Vmin = 3/4 (WQV)Sand Filter bed Sizing Criteria: Sand Filter bed Sizing Criteria Darcy’s Law Af =WQV*(df)/[k*(hf + df)(tf)] where: Af = surface area of filter (ft2) WQV = treatment volume (ft3) df = filter bed depth (ft) - can vary depending on the site conditions but should not be more 24" (18" is the standard) k = coefficient of permeability (ft/day) hf = average head above filter bed (ft) - varies depending on the site conditions, but should not exceed 6 feet tf = time to filter through bed (days) - A value of 40 hours is recommended Sand Filter Media Coefficient of Permeability Values: Sand Filter Media Coefficient of Permeability Values Filter Media Sand Peat/sand Compost Coefficient of Permeability (k, ft/day) 3.5 2.75 8.7Sand Filter Media Design Components: Sand Filter Media Design Components 18-24 inch filter bed (sand or organic) Cover crop for some applications grass-peat/sand, surface, pocket pea gravel window-pocket gravel and geotextile-underground Observation wells/cleanout pipesSand Filter Overflow System Components: Sand Filter Overflow System Components Flow distribution vault or weir 6-11 inch gravel underdrain system 4-6 inch perforated collection pipe Overflow or bypass weir or pipe Gate valve for dewatering Outlet chamberSand Filter Construction Specifications: Sand Filter Construction Specifications Parameter Specification Size Sand ASTM C-33 concrete, medium agg. .02-.04in. Peat Ash content: <15% Reed-sedge pH range: 5.2-4.9 hemic peat Bulk density: .12-.15 g/cc Leaf Compost CFS Treatment Systems Underdrain gravel AASHTO M-43 1/2-2 in. Geotextile fabric ASTM D-751, D-1117, and D-1682 Imperm. Liner ASTM D-751, D-412, D-624, and D-471 30 mil thick PVC Piping AASHTO M-278 4-6 in. (Sch. 40) Sand Filter Maintenance: Sand Filter Maintenance Maintenance Element Debris cleanout Vegetation Filter bed chamber Sedimentation chamber Structural components Outlet/overflow structures Inspection Frequency Quarterly Monthly (during growing season) Semi-annually Semi-annually Annually Annually Required Actions Remove buildup Regular mowing, repair erosion, revegetate Replace clogged surface, or manual manipulation Clean-out when depth > 12 in., limit vegetation height Repair/replace damaged components Repair/replace clogged/failing elementsBioretention Areas: Bioretention Areas Economical for small sites (1 acre or less) Easy to construct Compatible with commercial landscaping needs Utilizes existing open space Limited performance data suggests pollutant removal comparable to or better than other filtering practicesSlide39: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide40: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide41: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide42: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide43: Copyright 2000, CWPSlide44: Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention System Components: Bioretention System Components Off-line design Pea gravel filter diaphragm Grass buffer strip Ponding area Pea gravel overflow drain Organic layer (mulch) Planting soil Plant materials (trees/shrubs) Gravel/pipe underdrain systemBioretention Flow Regulation Diversion for Off-line Design: Bioretention Flow Regulation Diversion for Off-line Design Runoff capture of WQv Two flow splitter design options within drainage system within filtering practice itself Simple three step design compute WQv and WQ peak discharge size low flow hydraulic structure to practice size larger storm overflow structureBioretention Pretreatment Filter Strip Sizing Criteria: Bioretention Pretreatment Filter Strip Sizing Criteria Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention Pretreatment Grass Channel Sizing Guidance: Bioretention Pretreatment Grass Channel Sizing Guidance Copyright 2000, CWPBioretention Filter Media Design Components: Bioretention Filter Media Design Components Af = WQV ((df)/k((h + df)(tf) where: Af = Surface area of the bioretention planting bed (ft2) WQv = Water quality treatment volume (ft3) df = Planting soil bed depth (ft) – 4 ft recommended k = Coefficient of permeability for planting soil bed (ft/day) - k = 0.5 ft/day: Median value of a silt loam h = Average height of water above the bioretention bed (ft); havg = ½*hmax - h is equal to 3", assuming a maximum ponding depth of 6" above the planting soil bed tf = Time required for the Water Quality Treatment Volume (WQV) to filter through the planting soil bed - A value of 72 hours is recommended Bioretention Filter Media Design Components: Bioretention Filter Media Design Components Af = D.A. x 5.0% x Rv where, Af = the required surface area of the bioretention facility, D.A. = the drainage area, and Rv = the volumetric runoff coefficientBioretention Areas Specifications: Bioretention Areas Specifications Minimum width = 15 to 25 feet Minimum length = 30 to 50 feet Length to width ratio of 2:1 for widths > 15 feet Maximum ponding depth = 6 inches Maximum planting soil depth = 4 feet Drainage area = 0.25 to 1.0 acres Maximum slope = 20% Maximum entry velocity = 3 feet/secondLandscaping a Bioretention Area: Landscaping a Bioretention Area Minimum 3 species of trees and shrubs (each) Trees planted 12 feet on center (1000 stems/acre) Native trees and shrubs selected for tolerance for: pollution ponding dry soil Mulch layer typically shredded hardwood mulch Locate plant material near perimeter but not at inflow Care and replacement warranty (80% - one year) Normal landscaping maintenance