PPEjeta

Biodiversity Conservation and Management at INTSORMIL: 

Biodiversity Conservation and Management at INTSORMIL Gebisa Ejeta Plant Genetics & Breeding Purdue University

The African “center of crop origin”: 

The African “center of crop origin” Cereals African rice (Oryza glaberrima), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (West African drylands), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (Abyssinia), tef (Eragrostis abyssinica), fonio (Digitaria exilis) (West Africa) Pulses cowpea (Vigna linguculata), bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus), kersting's groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpa) Roots & tuber crops yam (Dioscorea cayanensis) Oil crops oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) (West Africa), castor bean (Ricinus communis) Fruits & nuts baobab (Adansonia digitata) (tropical Africa), watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) melon (Cucumis melo) (central Africa) Vegetables & spices okra (Hibiscus esculentus), sesame (Sesamum indicum), egglplant (Solanum aethiopicum) (tropical Africa). Fibers kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) (Western Sudan) Stimulants coffee (Coffea arabica) (Abyssinia)

VI. Abyssinian Center Abyssinia, Eritrea, and part of Somaliland (Vavilov centers of origin): 

VI. Abyssinian Center Abyssinia, Eritrea, and part of Somaliland (Vavilov centers of origin) http://www.hort.purdue.edu/

Diversity: 

Diversity Diverse ecological conditions and different ethnic customs and preferences resulted in enormous genetic diversity. Most have shown great resilience and broad adaptation Global distribution of these species has served humanity well. Some have had a narrowly defined nich & utility Example: Teff is a highly valued staple cereal crop in Ethiopia, but is cultivated no where else as a food crop .

Conservation and Management ofGenetic Resources: Essential : 

Conservation and Management of Genetic Resources: Essential In situ conservation Ex situ Conservation Whose Responsibility? Partnerships and Dialogue Ag & Conservation Groups Scientists & Policy Makers Rich & Poor Nations Accountability (community, nation, & donors) Education, based on demonstrable benefit

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation

Slide15: 

Sorghum Domestication

Slide16: 

Sorghum Collections

Slide17: 

Sources of genetic variation

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs Facilitate open exchange and distribution

Slide21: 

Released in the Amhara region of Ethiopia, 2001 under the name “Brhan”

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs Facilitate open exchange and distribution Conduct diversity analysis (ex-situ , in-situ) Morphological Molecular

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Sorghums: 

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Sorghums Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Races of Sorghum (Menkir et al., 1997. Crop Sci. 37:564) 190 acc. from four geographic regions of origin (Far and Middle East, Central and Eastern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa) - 162 polymorphic RAPD bands Cultivated races with limited amount of genetic differentiation Low level of differentiation among regions Genetic distances estimates to help identifying suitable germplasm for introgression into breeding stocks Phenotypic Diversity among Sudanese Landraces (Grenier et al., 2003. GRES in press) 2,017 acc. Sudanese landrace collection - 19 morpho-agronomic characters Different distribution of phenotypic diversity among regions Specific patterns of phenotypic diversity for each geographical area of origin Phenotypic diversity to highlight selective pressures that have reduced the variation to certain ideotypes

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Races of Sorghum: 

Genetic Diversity in Cultivated Races of Sorghum Mean genetic distance estimates calculated from 162 polymorphic RAPD bands for all pairs of accessions from either one or two geographic regions of origin (Menkir et al., 1997. Crop Sci. 37:564)

Phenotypic Diversity among Sudanese Landraces: 

Phenotypic Diversity among Sudanese Landraces Principal component analysis on the total Sudanese landrace collection (2,017 acc.) and for nine quantitative morpho-agronomic characters (Grenier et al., 2003. GRES in press)

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs Facilitate open exchange and distribution Conduct diversity analysis (ex-situ , in-situ) Morphological Molecular Assess extent of gene flow bet. Wild & Cultivated

Gene Flow Between Cultivated and Wild Sorghums in Africa: 

Gene Flow Between Cultivated and Wild Sorghums in Africa

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs Facilitate open exchange and distribution Conduct diversity analysis (ex-situ , in-situ) Morphological Molecular Assess extent of gene flow bet. Wild & Cultivated Investigate extent of real genetic erosion

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL: 

Genetic Resource Conservation Activities at INTSORMIL Collection, characterization, and documentation Enhance the diversity base of breeding programs Facilitate open exchange and distribution Conduct diversity analysis (ex-situ , in-situ) Morphological Molecular Assess extent of gene flow bet. Wild & Cultivated Investigate extent of real genetic erosion Facilitate repatriation and/or new introduction

Biomass & Biofuel Potential?: 

Biomass & Biofuel Potential?