Unit 6 Nature and Nurture

Book II Unit 6: 

Book II Unit 6 Nature and Nurture 天性与环境因素

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What does “nature” mean ? What’s the meaning of “nurture”? Which has more influences on us,genes or environment? Look at 3.Heredity and Environment P.139. Look at 1. Talking about Twins.Looking at the picture.

Preparation : 

Preparation  1. Do you know any twins? What can you say about them? 2. Why are people curious about twins? 3. How do you think it feels to be twins?

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Words may be used when answering the questions above: 1.dress alike,have different personalities: shy,quiet, self-conscious;self-confident ,optimistic. like sports,have similar tastes in rock music , extrovert ,have similar gestures, talk in the same way, have same laugh, hold cigarette in the same way, smoke the same brad of cigarette. 2.not many twins around us, curious about things that they rarely see, twins resemble each other.

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3.-------must be proud because different; ------may feel lonely because different to make friends with others; -----may feel bored and discouraged because every day see the mirror image of themselves

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Part two listening-Centered Activities Exercise1:1) one in every 86 births 2)Identical and fraternal twins 3) Identical twins have the same genes while fraternal twins inherit a separate set of genes

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Exercise 2 1)genes 2)sex 3)blood 4) tooth 5) mirror 6)left-handed 7)right-handed 8)language 9) young 10) alike 11)separated 12)part 13)careers 14)interests Listening2 Exercise 1. 1-5: TTFFT

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Exercise 2 2)They all like active sports. 3)they have similar tastes in rock music and girlfriends. 4)they are all extroverts who have similar gestures. 5) They talk in the same way. 6)they have the same laugh. 7) They hold their cigarettes in the same way. 8) They all smoke the same brand of cigarette.

Words : 

Words 1. considering prep, conj 就…而论； 照…来看；考虑到… Considering his age, the little boy reads very well.  就他的年龄来说，这小孩读得算挺好的。  adv 从各方面考虑，通盘考虑

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illustrate vt -trated, -trating  加插图 The book was illustrated with color photographs.  这本书配上了彩色照片。  举例说明 The speaker said he would endeavor to illustrate.  演讲人说他将设法举例说明。 His story illustrates her true generosity very clearly. 他所说的事很清楚地说明了她确实慷慨大方。

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interact inter-互相+act行动，作用 vi 互相作用；互相影响 liable adj （常与to连用）易于…的，有…倾向的 It is liable to rain.  要下雨。  （常与for连用）负有责任的，负责的  将受到法律制裁的

apart from, besides, except for 与 except: 

apart from, besides, except for 与 except apart from 作“除......以外”=besides 作“只是，除掉”=except for 例如：Apart from sport, my other interest outside class is music. Apart from the location, we like everything about the project. except for 亦作 but for, 意为“除......外”，例如：Except for your presence, I would be bored. except “除去，除......之外”，例如：They all went except David.

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. 6. important as they are… •         Poor as he was=(though he was poor), he was honest. •         Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man. •         Try as you will, you won’t manage it. Teacher as he is, he cannot finish task in an hour.

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Further Development 1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Explain your answers. 1) I failed the math test because I don’t have a math gene. 2) The success of a person depends on hard work. 3) Women are better nurturers than men.

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Language Points 1. The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life.(L 1~2) Para. To some extent, the capacities that a person is destined to have from birth determine what he will do. Trans. 从某种程度上来讲,与生俱来的潜能决定了一个人一生的作为。 Expl. The potentials 作主语 ,which a person is born with作定语 ,what he will do 作宾语。in some way: to a certain extent 在某种程度上; be born with (in) 天赋的

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2. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed…have been separated from infancy.(L 16-19) Para. When one twin was severely ill, while the other was healthy, there came the exceptions. However, generally speaking everyone was shocked to find that there are some many likenesses between the identical twins, even those identical twins have been separated from infancy. Expl. occur 发生 ; 使发生 ;on the whole ①总的看来② in most instances or cases 在大多数情况下 , 大体上 We can expect sunny weather today on the whole.今天大体上会有晴朗的天气。 impress 给人留下印象 be impressed by 为被动语态；who have been separated from infancy 为定语从句，修饰 those。

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3. In a study of nineteen sets of… than existed among unseparated pairs of twins.(L20-22) Expl. in a study of nineteen sets of twins 介词短语做全句的状语who had been separated from birth 是定语从句，修饰twins;全句基本结构为：investigators found that there were no more significant differences, 其中that there were … 做宾语，是一个宾语从句; in approximately two thirds of the sets 做found 的地点状语；no more…than…不比…更… than 后省略了than the differences that existed among unseparated pairs of twins.

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4. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself, was determined that Helen should receive a good education; (L 37-38) Para. Although her second foster-mother had received little education, she decided to give Helen a good education. Expl. though 引导状语从句 ,that Helen should receive a good education 是宾语从句。 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事 I was determined to find this task by my own effort.我决心自己完成这项任务。

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5. Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood, but other than that, their environments had been very similar except for their educations.(L 47-48) Para. When they were children or adults, Helen had been healthier than Gladys, except that their environments had been very similar except for their educations. Expl. other than ①除了…… , 除……之外 There’s is nobody here other than me. 除了我，这里没有别人。2）与…不同; 与…不同方式 You can’t get there other than by swimming. except for: used when what is excluded is different from what is included 除…之外;只是 Your essay is good except for the spelling.

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6. Important as they are, genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. (L 60-61) Para. Although genes are important, they themselves are never absolutely responsible for any trait. Expl. as 虽然,尽管 Rich as he is, he is not happy. 虽然他很富有,但他并不幸福。be responsible for; be the cause of 作为…的原因;有责任的 The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety. 公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。

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Reading Comprehension 1.Understanding the organization of the Text Introduction(Para.1) Research on the relative effects of heredity and environment(Para.2-8) A. Implication:Individuals with the same genes ,when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way.

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B. Findings:They exhibited great psychological and physical likenesses./They developed similarly. C.Their similarities: Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar. Their differences in personality:Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships;while Gladys was shy, self-conscious ,quiet and without charming or graceful manners. 3)Conclusion(Para.9) What we can do is set by the genes, but what we acturally do is largely determined by the environment.

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2. Understanding Specific Information 1)-8) FFFFTTFT Vocabulary 1.1)-8) CACCABBB 2.1)resembles 2) alike 3) like 4)similar 5)same 6)Identical,same, alike 3. 1)absolutely 2) eventually 3)obviously 4) Similarly 5)remarkably 6) approximately 7) exclusively 8)actually

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Translation 1.Everyone hopes that the boring discussion can come to an end soon. 2. George studied hard. He wanted to make the most of his chance to learn. 3. After his parents died, his aunt brought him up. 4. After the tea-break, the meeting resumed. 5. The small town is no more crowded than any other popular town in the province. 6. Young as he was, Bill was already familiar with most of the stories. 7.You have made a few mistakes but on the whole you have done well. 8. Mechanical defects were responsible for this accident.

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Quiz6 1.1-5ADBDB 6-10ADBDC 11-15 CABDC 2. 1) BE RESPONSIBLE FOR 2)severe 3)approximately 4)as 5)devoted, to 6)resemblance 7)make the most of 8)considering 9) has nothing to do with 10)are liable to 3.FTTFF