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Lesson one: 

Lesson one Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society

Slide2: 

Pre-reading questions: You can just browse and think about the questions or just answer one of them. How many famous stars do you know popular nowadays?

Slide3: 

How many old pop stars can you name? Do you have any idols like pop singers, movie stars, or someone else

.: 

. Who are they? Why do you like them? Britney Spears, Mariah Carey, Celine Dion, Madona, Michael Bolton, Michael Jackson, Carpenters, Eagles, Air Supply, Back street boys, to name just a few

Slide5: 

Reflections 1. Do you think it a good idea to have an idol? 2. Can you analyze the social background and reasons?

I. Main idea: 

I. Main idea The story begins from a rock music concert in the mid-June, 1972 in Chicago Amphitheater. From a sociological point of view, the author discusses the social meaning of rock music. In the first three chapters, the author uses the same method to describe the great situation of the performance given by the three rock stars.

On the one hand, young people treat them as idols with continuous praises, on the other hand, the adults hold a negative view to the rock music stars, and they think that rock music is disgusting and they cannot stand it. This shows the opposite view towards the rock music between the young and the adults.: 

On the one hand, young people treat them as idols with continuous praises, on the other hand, the adults hold a negative view to the rock music stars, and they think that rock music is disgusting and they cannot stand it. This shows the opposite view towards the rock music between the young and the adults.

Then the author points out that rock music is a kind of showing of social mentality. It represents the era at the moment and is the front place of different thoughts. In this forum of debate, rock stars have expressed not only youngster’s attitude and stand towards various social issues, but also their feelings and wishes.: 

Then the author points out that rock music is a kind of showing of social mentality. It represents the era at the moment and is the front place of different thoughts. In this forum of debate, rock stars have expressed not only youngster’s attitude and stand towards various social issues, but also their feelings and wishes.

By doing so, it can help society explain its belief and attitude. In the end of the text, the problem given in the subtitle reappears, intending to encourage readers to consider the problem seriously.: 

By doing so, it can help society explain its belief and attitude. In the end of the text, the problem given in the subtitle reappears, intending to encourage readers to consider the problem seriously.

Slide10: 

II. Background knowledge Rock music: A form of popular music that is characterized by a pronounced, amplified beat. Electric guitars are almost always the main instrumental sound source. The modern rock band’s basic elements are one or more vocalists, an electric lead guitar and bass guitar and drums.

Slide11: 

A rhythm guitar is often included, and many bands also use keyboards. “Rock-and-roll” was coined in the mid-1950’s by a Cleveland broadcaster, Alan Freed, to replace “rhythm-and-blues”-a term that Freed thought had too many racial overtones. (It was being called “race music” in some quarters at the time.)

Slide12: 

Rhythm-and-blues was itself an urbanized stylization of the blues, which bad been developed mainly by rural or country-oriented black musicians. When the music was renamed rock-and-roll, it also underwent an elemental change, particularly when white performers saw how eagerly young audiences responded.

Slide13: 

“White” music-that is essentially conventional popular music with a decided country-and-western flavor-was blended with rhythm-and-blues, and young people continued to hold a proprietary attitude about it. Rock went through its share of phrases and participated in a number of pop culture fads.

Slide14: 

Rolling Stones: 风格： Album Rock（专辑摇滚） Blues-Rock（蓝调摇滚） British Blues（英国蓝调） British Invasion（英国入侵） British Psychedelia（英国迷幻） Hard Rock（硬核） Pop/Rock（流行/摇滚） Psychedelic（迷幻音乐） Rock & Roll（摇滚）

Slide15: 

1962年7月21日"THE ROLLING STONES"在伦敦首次演出.1963年录制了第一张单曲专辑<<COME ON>>.此后不久有录制了的二首单曲专辑<<I WANNA BE YOUR MAN>>并于1964年1月登上了排行榜的的十位.到了2月出版了第三张单曲专辑<<NOT FADE AWAY>> .

Slide16: 

他们的第四张单区专辑<<IT'S ALL OVER NOW>>是成功的,他们凭着这张单曲夺取了英国排行榜的榜首.这首单曲预示着理查德和贾格尔合作的开始.已开始他们的作品还带着节奏与布鲁斯的味道,直到后来他们超越了节奏及布鲁斯的风格,他们的创作才开始真正活跃起来.

Slide17: 

1965年他们的单曲<<SATISFACTION>>获得了美国排行榜的榜首.这首作品完美的综合了影响乐队的各种音乐风格.这首作品标志着"THE ROLLING STONES"在音乐上的进步.这首单曲得成功不仅因为乐队的表演和乐曲本身, 更重要的是它精确地反映了那一代人的思想感情.再此后的两年中虽然"THE ROLLING STONES"的单曲和专辑都获得了很大的成功甚至获得了排行榜的冠军但影响却都不如<<SATISFACTION>>.

Slide18: 

Elvis Presley: 艾维斯·普莱斯利(猫王) Elvis Presley Elvis Presley 于1935年1月8日出生于美国密西西比州东吐丕洛 (East Tupelo)的一座小村庄里。在Elvis 的成长历程中，受到地缘上影响很大的黑人福音音乐的洗礼，传统的西部乡村音乐对这位白人的感染力，奠定了Elvis后来创作摇滚音乐的基础。1948年，13岁的Elvis 随全家移居田纳西州的孟菲斯。 在孟菲斯的R&B及纳许维尔的C&W的深刻影响下，Elvis的音乐灵魂中的摇滚模式逐渐形成了。

Slide19: 

1953年，高中毕业后的Elvis领到了第一笔薪水后， 在当地一家名为Sun的小唱片公司录制了《My Happiness》和《That‘s When Your Heartaches Begin》两首曲子作为母亲的生日礼物。日后Elvis便加入了Sun唱片公司，推出了自己的第一张专辑，并以一首《That's Alright Ma Ma》 在孟菲斯地区销售了7000张，从而赢得了地方性畅销曲的殊荣。1955年Elvis签约极具声望的大唱片公司，发行了第二张专辑《Elvis Presley》，其中单曲《Heartbreak Hotel》立刻风靡全美市场，Elvis跃身为青年人的偶像型歌星。

Slide20: 

《The Black-board Jungle》 使年轻人接受并认可了Elvis 叛逆偶像的造型，为他极富个性的魅力 所倾倒。Elvis Presley 成为真正敲开摇滚乐大门的第一人，是他造就了摇滚在市场上的空前需求。Elvis 的音乐直接明了地道出了青少年的心声，以及成年人与青年人两个世界之间的隔膜、 偏见、 冲突以及代沟及矛盾。Presley 的旋风爆发后，50年代后期的流行音乐舞台，已然成为Elvis Presley 一手垄断的天下。

Slide21: 

继《Heartbreak Hotel》之后，又有《Hound Dog》、《Love Me Tender》、《Don't Be Cruel》等脍炙人口的曲子接二连三地登上排行榜宝座，成为年度最畅销唱片。Elvis 也因此被冠以“美国南部贫穷白人的成功楷模”、“摇滚乐的旗手”“摇滚艺人的典范巨星”、“第一等摇滚偶像”等荣耀头衔。

Slide22: 

Bob Dylan  鲍勃·迪伦 : 1941年5月24日，Bob Dylan生于美国明尼苏达洲的图卢斯。他早期生活颇具神秘色彩，年轻时曾参加一个流行团体，像中世纪的游吟诗人一样，漫游于乡村音乐之中。     

Slide23: 

1961年4月台1日，Bob Dylan在纽约开始了音乐生涯。几个月之后，他在民谣舞台上已经略有名气，并与哥伦比亚唱片公司签定了合约。这一年10月，以Bob Dylan自身命名Bob Dylan的首张专辑出版了，其中收有他演唱的传统民谣歌曲。Bob Dylan那反传统的表现形式，虽然立即保守派的非议，但也受到广泛的关注。     

Slide24: 

1963年初，Bob Dylan到英国巡回演出时，在BBC电台弹唱了《城堡大街的疯屋》，不久，他回到美国录制了下一个专辑。当年5月，新专辑 The Freewheeling‘ Bob Dylan 问世，使他名声大振。其中的《倾盆大雨》、Blowing in the wind 和《战神》成为他的经典歌曲。确良这张专辑是Bob Dylan的第一张上榜作品，排行第22。     

Slide25: 

1964年，另一专辑 The times they are changing 在排行榜上名列第20位。其中的歌曲内容更富有挑战性。当年10月，又一部专辑《Bob Dylan的另一面》发行，里面收录的完全是一些浓浓的深思般的反省歌曲。对此，歌迷们有褒有贬，甚至有人感到吃不消。

Bob Dylan创立了全新的民间摇滚风格，提高了歌词的内涵和品味，改变了摇滚乐原来那种低俗的趣味，他通过深厚、丰富的、完全诗化的抒情化了的歌曲的主题，使听众随着亿表现出来的原始冲击力感悟到了摇滚乐的那种容易被忽略掉的神韵。: 

Bob Dylan创立了全新的民间摇滚风格，提高了歌词的内涵和品味，改变了摇滚乐原来那种低俗的趣味，他通过深厚、丰富的、完全诗化的抒情化了的歌曲的主题，使听众随着亿表现出来的原始冲击力感悟到了摇滚乐的那种容易被忽略掉的神韵。

Slide27: 

1965年，Bob Dylan宣告民谣生涯结束，正式走进摇滚乐坛。此时，他实际上重新演绎了这两种不同的音乐模式，使之融成民谣、摇滚相结合的新形式。Bob Dylan当年推出的专辑《把它全部带回家》就是一种新的探索和实践，其中的《思乡布鲁斯》名列排行榜第40位，专辑本身取得了排名第6的成绩。    

Slide28: 

 Bob Dylanlonde on blonde 这张排名第9位的专辑，是Bob Dylan1966年8月推出的。这一年的下半年，纪录他前一年巡回演出实况的纪录片《不要回头》问世。     至此，Bob Dylan已成为音乐界一位革命人物。在《思乡布鲁斯》、《敲鼓的男人》、Like a rolling stone(单曲排行榜第2位)、Positive Forth Street、Rainy day women 等众多经典名曲中，他为摇滚乐创造了一种新的语言表现方法。

Slide29: 

Bob Dylan改变了民谣的地位和创作主题，增强了表现力，使得民谣具有更为强烈的个性，以致于达到了诗化的境界，除此而外，他还是摇滚乐坛独具个性的一位天才。Bob Dylan那略显忧郁的、鼻音浓重的粗犷音质，很容易让听众识别。那强劲而粗放的、几乎不加修饰的吉它弹奏，则融入了布鲁斯音乐的精致风韵。

Slide30: 

 1966年7月29日，正当艺术实力和经济收益处于顶峰状态时，Bob Dylan在他纽约的住所附近因车祸受伤，不得不告别舞台一年之久。1968年Bob Dylan重返乐坛时，他的演唱风格似乎又焕然一新：那激情似火的摇滚风格被柔情似水的乡村音乐取而代之。这一年出版的专辑 John Welsley  Harding 和1969年的 Nashville Skylive ,被明显地受到乡村音乐的影响，后一专辑中的《躺着的女人躺着》是他最后一首上榜的10佳歌曲之一。     

Slide31: 

Bob Dylan耗尽心血和才华，走进70年代，在此后的岁月中，他不断录制唱片并巡回演出，却再也没能产生超越过去的作品，1974年的Planet Waves,1975年的 Bob Dylanlood on the tracks，1979年的Slow train coming,1985年的专辑《滑稽剧帝国》及80年代的《拯救》等等，都没能挽回歌迷对他的热切期望。     

Slide32: 

进入90年代，年过半百的Bob Dylan仍然活跃在舞台上。尽管他一直反对将他列为民间摇滚的奠基人，可是，人们还是把他载入了《摇滚名人录》，Bob Dylan终将名垂青史。

Slide33: 

在美国乡村音乐史上，约翰.丹佛具有十分突出的地位，也是第一位访问过中国的美国乡村歌曲作者和歌手。 约翰.丹佛1943年生于美国西南部的新墨西哥州，从小喜爱音乐，显露出良好的音乐素质。8岁时祖母送他一把吉他，开始学习音乐。

Slide34: 

青年时代在大学攻读建筑设计专业，他与1971年放弃学业，一心从事乡村歌曲的创作和演唱，当年即以演唱歌颂弗吉尼亚山区美丽风光的《故乡的路》（Country road）一举成名。  1972年因演唱《高高洛基山》（Rocky Mountain High）进入电视屏幕，成为美国广播公司“午夜特别节目”的主持人。

Slide35: 

丹佛熟悉农村生活，热爱大自然，他创作的许多歌曲都是赞美大自然和歌颂人类友爱与美好的感情。因其曲调简朴、优美，内容清新向上、歌词富有诗意和哲理，使他在科罗拉多州一带享有“桂冠诗人”的美名。他的吉它弹唱在美国和全世界声誉卓著。在多年的演唱生涯中，丹佛的歌曲专辑唱片曾先后获得过21次金唱片奖和4次白金唱片奖。

Slide36: 

他的歌曲《老吉他》（Old Guitar）和献给他妻子的《安妮的歌》（Annie’s song）等都十分深情感人。1975 对于熟悉或听说过约翰丹佛的人来说,他的一生,他的歌和他的经历是个传奇。在70年代,他红透了半边天,丹佛以游刃于民间和摇滚音乐... 世界“歌剧之王”多明戈也很欣赏丹佛的歌曲，曾与他合作录过一首二重唱《爱或许是这样》（Perhaps Love）。

Slide37: 

1979年１月邓小平访美时，曾在华盛顿肯尼迪文化中心举行的文艺晚会上聆听和约翰.丹佛的演唱。   约翰.丹佛1980年曾到上海游览，有感于上海外滩的景色和都市气息，回国后特地创作了一首歌曲《上海的微风》（Shanghai Breezes），以表达他对上海的美好印象和对上海人民的友好感情。

Slide38: 

  1997年十月十二日,一架属于歌手John Denver的小型飞机在加州外海失事坠毁,驾驶员当场丧生。由于没有人确知John Denver当天的行踪,而残骸支离破碎,难以立即辨认死者身分,起先人们还希望出现...丹佛的代表作尚有《林中的草地》（Forest Lawn）《乐观的人》、《韵律和理智》等歌曲。

III. Vocabulary and phrases: 

III. Vocabulary and phrases 1. Vocabulary 1.Vocabulary Amphitheater n.古罗马的圆形剧场, 竞技场, 似圆形剧场的场所

Slide40: 

Swelter vi & vt. 1)   to be uncomfortable warm; to suffer from the heat 使热得发昏 2) to oppress with heat 使中暑 [派生] sweltering adj.- a sweltering hot day 酷热的天气

Rock n.岩石, 暗礁, 石头, 摇动vt.摇摆, 使动摇vi.摇, 摇动Onstage adj.舞台表演区的, 台上的, 台上演出的Rambler n.漫步者, 漫谈者, 蔓生植物 : 

Rock n.岩石, 暗礁, 石头, 摇动 vt.摇摆, 使动摇 vi.摇, 摇动 Onstage adj.舞台表演区的, 台上的, 台上演出的 Rambler n.漫步者, 漫谈者, 蔓生植物

Critic n.批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者Grab v.抢夺, 攫取, 夺取 Jug n.水壶, 监牢, [象声]模仿夜莺的叫声vt. 放入壶中, 炖, 关押vi. 模仿夜莺叫 : 

Critic n.批评家, 评论家, 吹毛求疵者 Grab v.抢夺, 攫取, 夺取 Jug n.水壶, 监牢, [象声]模仿夜莺的叫声 vt. 放入壶中, 炖, 关押 vi. 模仿夜莺叫

Slide43: 

Sprinkle v. to scatter in drops or small grains 喷，洒， 撒， 洒水 eg: sprinkle sand along the icy path 把沙撒在冰封的路上。 Coliseum n.大体育馆, 大剧场,大公共娱乐场 Pilgrimage n.朝圣 vi.朝拜, 朝圣

Ban v. to prohibit, forbid or bar 禁止； 取缔-ban nuclear weapons/pirated audio and video products 禁止核武器/盗版音像制品-The dictator banned all the newspapers and books that criticized his regime. 独裁者禁止出版一切批评他的书刊报纸。: 

Ban v. to prohibit, forbid or bar 禁止； 取缔 -ban nuclear weapons/pirated audio and video products 禁止核武器/盗版音像制品 -The dictator banned all the newspapers and books that criticized his regime. 独裁者禁止出版一切批评他的书刊报纸。

Slide45: 

[同义] prohibit; taboo; outlaw; proscribe [反义] allow n. an act of prohibiting by law 禁止； 禁令

Slide46: 

[用法] -lift (remove) the ban 开禁； 解禁 -place (put) under a ban 禁止 Ghoulish adj of or like a ghoul; very unpleasant; gruesome 食尸鬼似的； 极为讨厌的； 令人毛骨悚然的：ghoulish behavior, laughter, stories 凶残的行为、狞笑、恐怖故事

Slide47: 

Guillotine n 1 machine of French origin for cutting people’s heads off, consisting of a heavy blade which slides in grooves and is dropped from a height (源于法国的)断头台

Slide48: 

2 machine with a long blade for cutting or trimming large quantities of paper (eg in book-binding ) or for cutting metal 切纸机; (金属) 截切机 3 (fig Brit politics 比喻, 政) setting of a time limit for discussion of a bill in Parliament so as to prevent it being obstructed by too much debate (议会中) 截止辩论的时限)

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Guillotine vt use the guillotine on (sb/sth) 用断头台处死(某人); 用切纸机或截切机切割(某物); (议会中) 截止辩论(某事)

Slide50: 

Adulation n [u] excessive admiration or praise; flattery 谄媚; 奉承; 吹捧; 恭维: the fans’ adulation of their favorite pop stars 歌迷们对他们所喜爱的流行曲歌手的吹捧 His undisguised adulation to his boss revealed his ambition. 他对老板毫不掩饰的奉承, 暴露了他的野心.

Slide51: 

[派生] Adulatory adj奉承的 Adulate v (back formation from adulation) eg: The leaders are easily adulated. 领导容易受奉承。

Slide52: 

Surge v. to move, esp. forward, in or like powerful waves 汹涌，澎湃 Eg. The crowd surged past him. 人潮从他身边汹涌而过。

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Reverence n. great respect and admiration 尊敬, 敬重, 敬礼, 尊严, 威望, 尊敬的...阁下 vt.崇敬, 敬畏, 尊敬 Eg: People still reverence the name of Mahatma Gandhi. 民众仍然崇敬圣雄甘地的大名。

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Reverent adj. Having a feeling of reverence 崇敬的 Eg: reverent behavior Reverential adj. Respected 恭敬的 Eg: reverential movement of the head 俯首称是

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Sociologist n. 社会学者，社会学家 Disaffection n. the absence of affection or goodwill; political disloyalty 不满； 不平； 不忠；不服 -Disaffection often leads to outright treason. 不满经常会导致极大的叛逆。

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[记忆] dis (否定前缀) + affection (情感) [词根]disaffect vt. -The dictator’s policies had soon disaffected the people. 独裁者的政策很快就引起人民的不满。 [派生] disaffected adj. Discontented and disloyal, as toward the government or toward authority 不满的；不凡的

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Bewilderment n. state of being puzzled or confused completely, perplexed 迷惑； 着慌 -He looked at me in open-mouthed bewilderment. 他张着嘴迷惑不解地看着我。 [词根] bewilder vt. To puzzle; to confuse 使迷惑；使着慌 -these shifting attitudes bewilder me. 这些变化不定的态度使我迷惑不解。

Slide58: 

[同义] mystify; nonplus; confuse; puzzle; confound; stagger -Tom was bewildered by the examination questions. 汤姆被考试的问题搞得不知所措。 Bewildering adj. Extremely confusing 令人迷惑不解的； 令人为难的 -a bewildering schedule of events 令人迷惑不解的行动计划

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editorialize vi. To set forth one’s opinion on some subject in an editorial 就某事发表社论 [记忆] editorial (社论的) + （构成动词后缀） [词根] edit vt. 1)   to collect, prepare, and arrange for publication 编辑 2)   to revise and correct a manuscript订正 3) to prepare a movie or tape recording by putting parts in a suitable sequence 剪辑 to arrange data for computer processing 编排

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1)   [派生] editorial adj. Of an editor 编辑的； 主笔的 -the editorial office 编辑的 -the editorial office 编辑部 -editorial work 编辑工作

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n. [c] special article or discussion of news in a newspaper,etc. usu, written by the editor 社论；评论 -There is an editorial on this subject in the People’s Daily. 《人民日报》载有这一问题的社论。 Editor n. a person who edits 编辑

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Edition n. 1)   form in which a book is published 版 2）total number of copies (of a book, newspaper, etc.) issued from the same types 版本 Piety n.虔诚, 孝行 filial piety 孝顺父母 Lyric n.抒情诗, 歌词 adj.(供)吟唱的, 抒情的

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Conceive vt. 1)   to form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 形成；想出 （主意，计划） -Who first conceived the idea of filling bags with gas to make balloons? 是谁第一个想出把袋子里装上气体做成气球的主意？ -I can’t conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone. 我可想象不出你竟然让孩子单独去旅行。

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2）to hold as an opinion; to think; to believe 认为 -I can’t conceive that it would be of any use. 我不觉得那有什么用。 3）to become pregnant with 怀孕 -conceive a child怀孕 4) to hold a hatred/an aversion/prejudices 怀有仇恨；敌意

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Embody v. express 表达 Eg: Words embody thought. 文字表达思想 Embodiment n. 化身，具体化 Eg: His enemies called him the embodiment of evil. 敌人称他为邪恶的化身。

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Bewilder v. confuse Eg: Big city’s traffic bewilders me. 大城市的交通使我不知所措。 Bewilderment n. Eg: imagine my bewilderment when she did that. 她做那件事时你可想象我多困惑。

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Rebellion n. an act or the state of rebelling 造反，叛乱 Eg: A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. 偶尔造一造反是好事。 Rebel v. Eg: The slaves rebelled against their masters. 奴隶反叛了他们的主人。

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Rebellious adj. Eg: rebellious behavior 反叛行为

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2. Phrases a range of a row, line or series of things 一排； 系列 -a range of buildings 一排建筑物 -a wide range of styles 大不相同的风格

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act out 1)     to demonstrate or illustrate by pantomime or by words or gestures 表现； 表演 -The party guests acted out stories for one another. 参加聚会的客人互相表演自己的故事。

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2） to perform actions which represent, and may help release the fears, inhibitions, etc. 释放 -The patients acted out early traumas by getting angry with the analyst. 那个病人跟医生发火显露出早期的精神病状。 Crunch up to Crunch vt., vi. 嘎吱嘎吱地嚼，啃, 发出嘎吱声

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The frozen snow crunched under the wheels of our car. 冻雪在我们车轮下吱嘎作响。（常与up, through连用）嘎吱嘎吱作响地走过 to crunch through the snow 嘎吱作响地走过雪地 to crunch up the gravel path 吱嘎作响地走在石子铺的小路上 Crawl on my knees

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vi.爬行, 蠕动, 徐徐行进 n.爬行, 蠕动, 缓慢的行进 Drawn to Pulled to; attracted to 被吸引 -The audience was drawn to the speaker by his eloquence. 听众被讲演者的口才所吸引。 Get away from To leave; to escape 离开； 脱离

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-The racehorse got away from the starting gate. 赛马从起跑门外起跑。 He tried to get away from the stadium, but the crowd was too dense. 他企图离开体育场， 但人群太拥挤了。

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Civil rights 民事权利,公民权利 In other words To say otherwise; to put it differently 换言之 In other words, I can’t afford the luxury. 换句话说， 我消受不起。

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In return: As payment 作为回报 -In return for his hospitality, we invited him to visit us. 作为回报他盛情款待的回报， 我们邀请他访问我们。 Mix sth. into sth To make a number of things come together 使几种东西组合在一起 -He sings beautifully because he always mixes his feelings into his songs. 他歌唱得很美， 因为他总是把自己的情感融入到歌中去。

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Speak of 谈及, 说到 Tune for To tune for one’s musical instrument for performance 调乐器准备演出 -The orchestra were tuning for the concert when the distinguished guests walked into the concert hall. 贵宾们步入音乐厅的时候， 乐队正在调整乐器准备演出。

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IV. Sentence and Discourse analysis (text explanation) “Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listener---” Sprinkling-是现在分词作状语时，通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。例如： We worked there for a week, helping them to prepare for the international conference. - -陪衬。例如： We worked there for a week, helping them to prepare for the international conference.

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注意：分词这样用时，所表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态。 试比较下列句子： Standing on the mountain, one could see the whole city. (正确） Standing on the mountain, the whole city could be seen. (错误）

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He ends it by pretending to end his life-with a guillotine. His “head” drops into a straw basket. – He ended his singing show by pretending to lie on a guillotine and having his “head” cut off which then rolled into a straw basket. The present tense is used here to make the show dramatic and vivid. 这里采用动词的现在形式，以表现当时场景的生动。 –He ended his singing show by pretending to lie

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“Ooh,” grasped a girl dressed in black. Dressed in black 过去分词作定语，可变为定语从句 who was dressed in black。 They think he is sick, sick, sick. They think his performance is disgusting.

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How can you stand that stuff? Stand: bear, tolerate Eg: 1. This work will hardly stand close examination. 这项工作经不起仔细检验。 2. No one can stand his behavior. 没人能忍受他的行为。

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Bob Dylan and the Band were tuning for a concert. Tune: set a musical instrument at proper musical level 给乐器调音 Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan? Share: to be among those who have an opinion Eg: 1. We can’t share your faith that everything will be all right. 对于你那一切会平安无事的信念，我不能同意。

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2. Do you share my advice? 你同意我的建议吗？ Do you think he-or Dylan-is misguided?-Who do you think is misled or mistaken, Christmas Singer or Bob Dylan?

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Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown--- Draw: attract E.g.:1. The film is drawing big audience. 这部电影吸引了大量观众。 2. They feel drawn towards her. 他们被她吸引住了。

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a place where ideas clash and crash. -A place where different ideas oppose and conflict each other vehemently. Clash and crash is an instance of alliteration (repetition of two or more sounds within two words) or consonance (谐音repetition of two or more sounds within two words) or cacophony (不和谐音use of harsh, imitating sounds). “Clash and crash” is also used metaphorically. “clash” 和“crash” 并用，产生一种刺耳的音响效果，是一种修辞手段。

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It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration. It is---who---强调句型，只能用连词that 和who (指人），不能用when, where, why 等。 Eg: It was on the street that I saw him last time. It was Mr. Li who repaired the desks and chairs on Sunday.

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Rock music he says is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. Rather than: more, in a greater degree Eg:1. John ought to go rather than Jean. 约翰比琼更应该去。 2. These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty. 这鞋不好看可是舒服。

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It’s just that Elvis managed to embody---- Manage to: succeed in dealing with a difficult action Eg:1. She managed to carry the heavy box. 她成功地搬起哪个沉重的箱子。 2. How can you manage to work out this problem? 你是怎样成功地解决这个问题的？

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Newspapers editorialized against him. Newspapers carry the editor’s articles attacking him. The beatles, --- urged peace and piety, with humor and maybe a little help from drugs. – The Beatles insisted on peace and respect, and they did this in a humorous way and by using drugs. “A little help from drugs” is an understatement used to illustrate the cynical attitude of the Beatles.用了毒品还说是 “little help,” 这真是 清描谈写的态度 。

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---“get away from it all”---escape from all the boredom, corruption, and evils caused by the modern society. 这表现出现代人厌烦了经济发展带来的后果，希望逃避这一切。 ---while the lyrics celebrate the simple joys or “the good old days.” --- while the lyrics praise the simple yet happy way of life of the past.简单、简约， 这是现代人的崇尚。 过去日子虽然简单，却令人快乐 。

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These rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own. They reflect emotions and outlooks. What do we give them in return? In return: in exchange, in payment for E.g.: Give her some roses in return for her kindness. 送她一些玫瑰花答谢她的好意。

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National opinion poll-collection of opinions throughout the country.. And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. –And I laughed secretly at the men and the ladies. Here “the men and the ladies” are used with a mocking tone, implying that they are very naïve, even stupid. 不该用和的时候用了他们，自然另有目的。在本文中，就是嘲讽了。

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Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies. Conceive of : think of, consider E.g.: 1. It’s difficult to conceive of traveling to the moon. 很难想象去月球旅行的情景。 2. In the old times the earth was conceived of as flat. 古时候地球被认为是平的。

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Text and version Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?

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Rock is the music of teenage rebellion. -John Rockwell, rock music critic By a man’ s heroes ye shall know him. -Robert Penn Warren, novelist

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It was mid-June, 1972, the Chicago Amphitheater was packed, sweltering, rocking.

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Onstage, Mike Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.” Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended. “Jagger,” he said, “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops.” It was late December, 1973, Some 14,000 screaming fans were crunching up to

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the front of the stage at Capital Center, outside Washington, D,C. Alice Cooper, America;s singing ghoul, was ending his act. He ends it by pretending to end his life-with a guillotine. His “head” drops into a straw basket. “Ooh,” gasped a girl dressed in black. “Oh, isn’t that marvelous?” Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie was there too, but his parents weren't. “They think he’s sick, sick, sick,” Mike said. “They say to me, ‘How can you stand that stuff?’”

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It was late January, 1974. Inside the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale, New York, Bob Dylan and The Band were tuning for a concert. Outside, in the pouring rain, fan Chris Singer was waiting to get in. “This is pilgrimage,” Chris said. “I ought to be crawling on my knees.” How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? When Mick Jagger’s fans look at him as a high priest or a god, are you with them or against them? Do you share Chris Singer’s almost religious reverence for

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Bob Dylan? Do you think he-or Dylan-is misguided? Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick? Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown, perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies? These are’t idle questions. Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what

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you are thinking and about what your society is thinking-in other words, about where you and your society are. “Music expresses its times,” says sociologist Irving Horowitz. Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.

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Arena a place of combat 竞技场, 舞台 University campus is an arena of love, torture, and grow up. Life is a big arena for you to show and develop yourself.

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He sees it as a place where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs. “The redefinition,” Horowitz says, “is a task uniquely performed by the young. It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration, reason and motion, word and sound, music and politics.”

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Todd Rundgren, the composer and singer, agrees. “Rock music,” he says, “is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. Even Elvis Presley wasn’t really a great musical force. It’s just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.”

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Of course Presley horrified adult America. Newspapers editorialized against him, and TV networks banned him. But Elvis may have proved what Horowitz and Rundgren believe.

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When he appeared on the Ed. Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions, a kind of “debate” took place. Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded. Between Elvis and Alice, rock critics say, a number of rock stars have helped our society define its

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beliefs and attitudes. Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights, nuclear fallout, and loneliness. He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation. “Something’s happening here,” he sang. “You don’t know what it is, do you, Mr. Jones?”

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Others entered the debate. The Beatles, Horowitz said, urged peace and piety, with humor and maybe a little help from drugs. The Rolling Stones, arrogant street-fighting men, demanded revolution. The Jefferson Airplane’s “We Can Be Together” and “Volunteers (Got a Revolution)” were two further statements of radical youth.

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But politics wasn’t the only subject debated in the hard rock of the sixties. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject. Janis Joplin sang of her sadness. The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate. Then came The Band, mixing the more traditional ideas of country and western music into the more radical “city” ideas of the hard rock.

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This country element, Horowitz feels, helped its audience express an urge to “get away from it all,” to “go back to the old days.” One of the best current examples of what Horowitz is talking about is John Denever. His most notable songs-Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”,

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and “Country Road”-combine the musical drive and power of folk rock, while the lyrics celebrate the simple joys of “the good old days.” The list could go on and on. Like all artists, these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help use see and form our own. What do we give them in return? Applause and praise, of course. In one

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1972 National opinion poll, more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls said their hero was a rock superstar. We also give them money. “The fastest way to become a millionaire these days, “says Forbes, a business magazine, “is to become a rock ‘n’ roll star.”

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Today’s heroes-some of them, anyway-tell us they enjoy their rewards. “And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies.” The particular “culture hero” who sings that is Alice Cooper.

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The big question remains: Why is he a culture hero? What does he-or any other current rock success-tell us about his fans? About ourselves and our society? Where it is, where it was, where it’s heading?

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V. Structure Part I. Para 1-3 listing three rock music concerts to show the appearance and popularity of it Part II. Para 4- giving and analyzing the question supplied in the title of the text from a sociological point of view. Part III. Conclusion and the further reflection on the problem.

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VI. Exercise A 1. The function of the two quotations at the beginning of the text is to summarize and introduce the theme of the text, and as such they serve as a guide for the reader in interpreting and understanding the special message that rock music tries to communicate. This kind of inclusion of corresponding quotations at the beginning of the text appropriately prepares the reader for a correct understanding of the text.

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2. The three scenarios are used by the author to dramatize and illustrate the sensation that rock music has created in young people. 3. According to Irving Horowitz, the sociological significance to rock music is that it has offered a sort of debating forum where different ides conflict and where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.

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4. Elvis Presley proved what Horowitz and Rundgren believed because his rock shows caused a debate between the old and the young generations; most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded. 5. Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. The Beatles urged peace and piety. The rolling Stones demanded revolution.

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6. Apart from politics, the rock music dealt with a range of feelings and emotions. 7. The rock superstars got applause, praise and money. 8. No, he has not. It is impossible for the author to give a complete answer in s short article. He ends his article with questions because he wants to leave the questions to the readers and let them think.

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B 1. 他描述道：“ 贾格尔拿着半加仑水， 顺着舞台前沿， 边跑边把水洒向前几排汗流浃背的歌迷。” 2. 你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜? 3. 还是由于他把你狂热的幻想行动表现出来，你神不知鬼不觉地被这个不可思议的小丑所吸引？

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4. 一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答，很能说明你在想什么， 社会在想什么。换句话说，可以说明你和社会的态度。 5.只不过埃尔维斯的演唱成功地表现了50年代青少年那种沮丧的精神状态。

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6. 感情总是任何音乐表达的必要成分，也是一个重要议题。 7. 霍罗威茨认为这种结合表达了听众欲“摆脱现实的一切”、“重归昔日”的强烈愿望。 8.在1972年的一次全国民意测验中， 10%以上的高中男生、20%的女生表示他们心目中的英雄是超级摇滚歌星

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C 1 embody 他的画体现着时代精神 2.act out 你怎样表现你的失望？ 是仍玻璃还是其他什么东西？ 3. Sprinkled 小贩把水洒在蔬菜上，以使其更新鲜更有分量。 4 .sweltering 这么热的天气， 大汗淋漓的学生很难集中精神学习。 5. Idle 别听。 那是毫无根据的谣言。 6. Rejected 她递交了工作申请，但由于不够资格而遭到拒绝。 7. Rather than 销售人员认为顺着老板而不反驳他是非常安全的方法。 8. Reverence/worship 每个人都应该真心实意地遵从自己国家的法律。

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D 1 debating 整个国家观看电视上两位候选人就提高税率而进行的辩论。 proud 对我表姐来说，与总统握手那一刻使她尤感自豪。 3 mix, blend 即使把水和油混在一起，它们也不能融合。 4 conceive 一些人看电视太多，他们无法想象没有电视的生活。 5 were dressed 由于不是正式碗宴，大多数人穿着便装

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6 idealistic 你认为这些年轻人是理想主义者还是现实主义者？ 7 admiration 他非常敬重他们的正直与勇气，决定成为一个像他们一样的人。 8 rumbling深夜他们仍能听到远处隆隆的枪声。

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E 1 disgusting 2 Editor’s articles attacked him. 3 the confusions of the old people 4 had a strong desire for peace and piety 5 The words of the song praise the natural 6 reflect emotions and outlooks. 7 a place where ideas come into opposition and contradict to each other. 8 other successful rock stars at present

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F Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s. It was not only a new musical form, but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life. In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war and peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshiped.

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VII. Writing and Its Technique 1. Comment 2. Introduction of the test-orientated writing CET 4/6 TEM 4/8 BEC Description, narration, exposition, argumentation

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Applied English Writing: personal correspondence/ office correspondence/international correspondence Format, content, variety: thanks, note, invitation, complaints, minutes, memo, bidding, fax, offer, counter-offer, contract, etc.

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VIII. Translation In-class exercise Mini test

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IX. Homework and Tasks Position paper your attitude on College student’s off-campus cohabitation Comment Your comment on CET reform

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X. Rhetoric Alliteration This device is extremely popular with poets and writers. In this device the same consonant sound is repeated at intervals in the initial position of words, as in “mad-March days “or” a cargo of Tyne coal.”

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We all know the familiar tongue-twisters like “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper” and She sells sea-shells on the sea-shores on the sea-shore”, where alliteration is used to practice certain consonant sounds.

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As a rhetorical device, however, alliteration has much more significant uses. In the following examples, an examination of how it is used to achieve effect will illustrate the point.