Claire

Initiatives in France for disposal of treated wood wasteClaire Cornillier - CTBA: 

Initiatives in France for disposal of treated wood waste Claire Cornillier - CTBA By : Government Stakeholders of wood sector Waste management companies

Iniatives by government: 

Iniatives by government Classifies treated wood waste in 2 categories according to risk assesment : Non hazardous waste Hazardous waste Gives a specific codification for wood waste according origin and risk categories Excludes wood waste containing organohalogenes or heavy metals as wood waste fuel in combustion equipments Forbides to landfill all wood waste

Regulation defines 3 categories of waste according to risk assessment: 

Regulation defines 3 categories of waste according to risk assessment Trated wood waste Hazardous Non inert Risk + Hazardous waste Non hazardous waste but also non inert waste (domestic waste and assimilated) Inert waste - Category

What is hazardous waste ?: 

What is hazardous waste ? Waste showing any of the hazardous properties (14) or containing substances classified as hazardous and at a total concentration exceeding a threshold level Main hazardous properties available for treated wood waste H6 : very toxic, or containing very toxic substances at a total C  0,1%, or toxic, or containing toxic substances at a total C  3% H5 : harmful, or containing harmful substances at a total C  25% H14: ecotoxic (not yet specificed)

Hazardous properties of treated wood waste can be assessed: 

Hazardous properties of treated wood waste can be assessed Treated wood waste Toxic properties : H6, H5 according to the waste chemical composition First assessment Hazardous waste Non hazardous waste Ecotoxic property : H14 not yet specified ? Second assessment CCA, CCB, CC, creosote All other products to treat wood ACQ ?

Gives a specific codification for wood waste according origin and risk categories: 

Gives a specific codification for wood waste according origin and risk categories

Initiatives by stakeholders of wood sector: 

Initiatives by stakeholders of wood sector To use wood waste energy recovery To recycle wood waste in particule board To document C&D wood waste To set up a dedicated pressure treated wood waste management system

To specify the regulation of wood waste fuel, CTBA with wood industry : 

To specify the regulation of wood waste fuel, CTBA with wood industry Defines waste wood fuels in terms of chemical composition, taking into account : combustion regulation wood additives, their origin and their concentration into the wood waste natural content of wood in heavy metals, and in organochlorines as PCP (environmental contamination) Sets up specifications on the basis of an analysis of the different waste resources : pallet chips industrial waste non specified waste

Chemical compositionof wood waste fuels : 

Chemical composition of wood waste fuels

A specification example :industrial wood waste fuel: 

A specification example : industrial wood waste fuel In the case of CCA, copper based products, organohalogenes and creosote, any off-cuts after treatment to be discarded In the case of metallic pigments (Cd, Cr, Zn) any off-cuts after finishing to be discarded PVC containing off-cuts to be discarded Panels and glues containing chlorine based hardeners not to be used Metals, organohalogenes, PAH, Chlorine levels to be checked according to previous thresholds

European Panel Federation defines requirements of wood waste for recycling in particule board: 

European Panel Federation defines requirements of wood waste for recycling in particule board

CTBA study of C&D wood waste chemical analysis in progress: 

CTBA study of C&D wood waste chemical analysis in progress 1.6 million tons in France Mainly non hazardous waste and can be recycled or recovered in energy, but some hazardous (CCA) Up to now, burned on building site, landfilled or recycled in particle board

CTBA study of C&D wood waste chemical analysis in progress: 

CTBA study of C&D wood waste chemical analysis in progress Never documented by chemical analysis 45 samples of crushed wood waste from construction sites, restoration sites, demolition sites, and C&D facilities First results show some contaminations by Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, As, between 10 and 1000 ppm

What is a dedicated waste management system ?: 

What is a dedicated waste management system ? Principle « extended responsibility for the producer » For example in France : tires, batteries Most regulatory, some voluntary Involvement of all stakeholders : Producers, to organize and finance Distributors, to take a part in collection Users, who can remove, sort and collect Local communities, to take a part in collection Government, to regulate and control Companies to collect, treat, recycle, or dispose of Integration of the cost of the end of life of the product

French context for pressure treated wood: 

French context for pressure treated wood Mainly pressure treated softwood for outside uses Mainly creosote and CCA over the last 40 years Decreasing of creosote but CCA increasing considerably oven the last 20 years Pressure treated wood coming out of service : hazardous waste No efficient waste management for pressure treated wood removed from service : the principle « polluter pays » doesn’t work

French context for pressure treated wood: 

French context for pressure treated wood Restriction of uses of arsenic in wood preservation (directive n°2003/2/CE and « décret » n°2004-1227) : application the most strict principle « reduction at source » For the new preservative product, like ACQ, also need for specific management If no improvement, risk of pressure treated wood market disappearance A new association of wood pressative suppliers and wood treaters, to improve the pressure treated wood waste management : ARBUST

Objectives of the study: 

Objectives of the study To evaluate the parameters influencing the feasibility Characteristics of pressure treated wood waste Amount of pressure treated wood in service and applications Regulation Stakeholders of the market (producers, distributors, importators, wood preservatives suppliers, users and professional organizations) Economic data of the market Current pressure treated wood waste management Available means for collection, disposal, and costs To define the priority actions to improve pressure treated wood waste management

Main Results: 

Main Results Pressure treated wood market Creosote Metal formulations (CCA, CCB, …) Pressure wood waste amount Estimated from the service life Collected today Data of available solutions of disposal Proposal approaches to set up a dedicated waste management system

Creosote treated wood market: 

Creosote treated wood market Few main applications : Rail ties Poles Limitation of professional and industrial uses, with exclusions Duration of life between 30 and 40 years Few stakeholders No signifiant importation or exportation Decrease in consumption over the past 40 years

Creosote treated wood waste amount: 

Creosote treated wood waste amount Estimation from service life For the next 20 years : constant about 200 000 t/year Afterwards : a steep decrease to 110 000 t/year Mainly SNCF rail ties Very different from estimated amounts by users (SNCF, EDF)

Metal treated wood market: 

Metal treated wood market For the last 20 years : diversification and increase, in particular for outside equipments Before 2 traditional uses : poles and stakes But today limited for professional and industrial uses Divided in 6 sectors, with different service life French impregnators used mainly CCA For the outdoor equipments, more than 80% from importation, so right now importation more than 50% of French market Mainly imported wood is treated by CCB

Metal treated wood waste amount: 

Metal treated wood waste amount Estimation from service life Very different of estimated amounts consumers For the next 20 years increase from 130 000 t/year to 600 000 t/year with a lot of outdoor equipment, after constant For the next 10 years mainly CCA and CCB, after mainly organic copper

Available solutions for disposal : initiatives by waste management companies: 

Available solutions for disposal : initiatives by waste management companies Mainly thermal treatment Traditional Specific, but still in development, except one solution (SIDENERGIE) Estimated cost : 200 €/t Localisation on a map

Specific thermal treatments: 

Specific thermal treatments

SIDENERGIE : Charcoal production from creosote treated wood: 

SIDENERGIE : Charcoal production from creosote treated wood 500 °C thermolysis with combustion of gazes Charcoal evaluated by toxicologists and approved for “barbecue uses” 22000 t/y treatment capacity

THERMYA : Chartherm process: 

THERMYA : Chartherm process Low temperature pyrolisis under inert gas Energy self sufficient system Mechanical separation of metals from carbon 1t of wood 280 kg of carbon + 50 kg metals Industrial markets for graphitic carbon Pilot plant developed (10 000 t/y) Project to develop and operate full scale plants (30 000 t/y)

ANCOR : PGI process: 

ANCOR : PGI process High temperature pyrolysis (1200 °C) Energy production from gases combustion Pilot equipment under test (300 kg/h), with other carbon containing products (tires) Mineral fraction including metals can be recycled (glass)

Traditional thermal hazardous waste treatments: 

Traditional thermal hazardous waste treatments

Proposal approaches to set up a dedicated waste management system: 

Proposal approaches to set up a dedicated waste management system To separate in 2 waste streams Poles and rail ties : easy to collect Other products : more difficult to collect (from consumers, building, agriculture, local communities) To work in priority for the collection of the second stream To take some simulation to assess the feasability of setting up a dedicated waste management system in making hypothesis Collection rate (from 5% to 25%) Cost of waste management (from 200 €/t to 75 €/t) Consumption of pressure treated wood

Hypothesis to set up a dedicated pressure treated wood waste management systeme: 

Hypothesis to set up a dedicated pressure treated wood waste management systeme Tax only on french production, added cost from 0.4 to 1.5 % Tax on total consumption, added cost from 0.1 to 0.6 %

In conclusion: 

In conclusion Development needs Characterisation tools to identify the contaminants to allow treated wood waste sorting : fast, cheap, high sensibility Simple thermal treatment equipments for non-hazardous treated wood waste (with no harmful emissions and with a regional distribution), allowing an economically acceptable wood waste management To develop economically acceptable specific treatments for hazardous wood waste Future projects To experiment on the field new technologies to identify As, Cr and C To set up a local operation with central waste facilities and C&D waste facilities to test the collection