presentation5

Testing and Reporting: 

Testing and Reporting The GHG Technology Center

Two Case Studies: 

Two Case Studies Simple Verification KMC control refrigeration monitor More Complex Verification Microturbine CHP

KMC Sight Glass Monitor: 

Key Features Detect refrigerant loss in refrigeration equipment Continuous monitoring Remote operation Low cost Potential Benefits Refrigerant cost savings Protect mechanical systems & stored products Energy savings GHG reductions KMC Sight Glass Monitor

Parameters Verified(KMC Sight Glass Monitor): 

LDS (%) = 100 * [refrigerant lost when monitor alarms (lbs.) / total charge (lbs.)] Parameters Verified (KMC Sight Glass Monitor) Sight Glass Monitor Cost (installed) Potential Refrigerant Savings and Cost Savings Refrigerant Leak Detection Sensitivity (LDS)

Leak Detection Sensitivity Verification Procedure: 

Leak Detection Sensitivity Verification Procedure 4. Charge to clear sight glass

Refrigeration Savings Estimation Procedure: 

Refrigeration Savings Estimation Procedure

Testing Site: 

Testing Site

Refrigeration Units Planned For Testing: 

Refrigeration Units Planned For Testing

Testing Arrangement: 

Testing Arrangement

Refrigeration System Checkout and Monitoring: 

Refrigeration System Checkout and Monitoring Initial Checkout: Verified Test Units Operate Within Mfg. Specifications Refrigerant pressures and temperatures (high/low sides), electricity use rates, others Monitoring: Continuously Verified Units Performance During Testing Parameters observed during checkout above Ambient temperature & humidity

More Complex Testing Example: 

More Complex Testing Example Microturbine CHP

Mariah CHPMicroturbine-Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System: 

Mariah CHP Microturbine-Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System

Verification Parameters: 

Verification Parameters Heat & Power Production Performance Electrical power output and heat recovery rate Electrical, thermal, and total system efficiency Total electrical energy generated and used Total thermal energy recovered Power Quality Performance Electrical frequency Voltage output Power factor Voltage and current total harmonic distortion Concentrations & Emission Rates For... Nitrogen oxides (NOX) Carbon monoxide (CO) Volatile organic compounds (VOC) Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) Emission Reduction Estimates Compare CHP to “baseline technology” for Calgary, Canada (grid supplied power, gas-fired boiler supplied heat) Estimated GHG emission reductions for 5 “model sites” in USA

Electrical Efficiency Method: ASME PTC 22: 

Electrical Efficiency Method: ASME PTC 22 30 Minutes Each Loads (3 runs each): 100% 90 % 75% 50% Microturbine Stability Monitoring

Heat Recovery Rate and Efficiency Methods: 

Heat Recovery Rate and Efficiency Methods Heat Recovery Rate (Btu/min) = Vr Cp (T1-T2) where: V = MEASURED volume of liquid per minute r = MEASURED density of PG solution at the average temp. (T2+T1)/2 Cp = specific heat of liquid (Btu/lb oF) at the avg. temp. (T2+T1)/2 T1 = MEASURED temperature of heated liquid exiting heat exchanger (oF) T2 = MEASURED temperature of cooler liquid entering heat exchanger (oF)

Emission Rate Methods: U.S. EPA Reference Methods: 

Emission Rate Methods: U.S. EPA Reference Methods

Measurements System: 

Measurements System

Data Quality Goals and Reconciliation: 

Data Quality Goals and Reconciliation

Reporting: 

Reporting Verification Report Challenges Brief and focused: Mariah CHP 105 pages, KMC 30 pages QA is important: mistakes are there….find them! Peer review: improves quality, adds value to vendors EPA QA review: important final step in multi-step QA process Avoid explaining results too much Verification Statement Challenges Condensing 100 pages down to 5 pages Focusing on results, not methods, QA, other background

Slide21: 

7 Industry Peer Reviews 4 Internal Reviews 3 Independent EPA Reviews