logging in or signing up Emissions from Animal 189 Sigismondo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 129 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: February 25, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Emissions from Animal Production Systems: Emissions from Animal Production Systems John W. Worley Odors and Emissions: Odors and Emissions The Science of Odors and Emissions Emissions Control Strategies Buildings and Storage Structures Land Application SystemsScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Emissions and Health Effects are still being debated Toxic Effects (H2S) Depression Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems Odors are a Nuisance (Quality of Life) Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Odor 54% of complaints from swine operations 50% from land application At least 168 compounds in swine odor NH3, amines, H2S, VFA’s, indoles, skatole, phenols, mercaptans, alcohols, carbonyls Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Greenhouse gases CO2, Methane Acid Rain concerns (ammonia) Dust Pathogens Flies Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Movement and Dispersion Several models available Worst problem is night and early morning Low airflow rates Prevailing winds don’t always predict this effect Setbacks are the main regulatory tool Not enough scientific evidence to accurately determine setbacks Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Measurement Odor vs. Gas Measurement OlfactionScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Gas Measurement Indicator Tubes Ammonia and H2S meters Cassette Tape system Gas Chromatograph/Mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Generally accurate, but expensive and are not a reliable predictor of odorsScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Electronic Noses Scentometer Dynamic, triangular forced-choice olfactometer Field Sniffer Cotton Swatch Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Concentration Intensity Persistence Hedonic Tone Character or descriptor Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Uses real or simulated human noses Some methods filter dust before measurement Requires training Expensive SubjectiveScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Dust Measurement Gravimetric Methods (filters and impacters) Particle Counters Can add pathogen measurements by collecting particles on agar plate and incubating Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures General Management Strategies Proper adjustment of feeders Use of more efficient feeders Keep surfaces (animal and facility) cleaned of manure and dry as possible Keep fans and shutters clean (“odor episodes”) Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dust and Odor Dust absorbs and intensifies odors Dust enable odors to travel further Facility Siting Models Wind direction in early morning Buffers Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dietary Manipulation For nutrient management For odor control Lower protein Additives Storage in under-floor pits (pull plug) 5 days recharge water Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Lagoons Precharge with water before startup Load evenly Fill pipes below water surface Drain to 2nd stage and pump intake at least 1 ft. below surfaceEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Manure slurry storage structures Cover natural crust straw synthetic cover Ozonation Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Natural Windbreaks Rows of trees around storage pond absorbs odors disperses odors screens view Multistoried canopy gives best coverage Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dry Manure Systems Hoop or poultry house type structures Odors generally not as objectionable Bedding may act as a biofilterEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Biofilters Biological Treatment of odors in exhaust Contact Time is critical and difficult to achieveEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Windbreak Walls Disperses exhaust stream May remove some dustEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Washing Walls Prototype worked well at low flow rate Not effective at high airflowsEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Biomass Filters Similar to washing wall Mainly for dust removal Worked well at low rates Untested at high ratesEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Vegetable Oil Sprinkling Keeps dust out of air Improves atmosphere in building as well as exhaust air Cleaning problemEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Ozonation Oxidizes odorants Improves inside air Ozone levels Currently expensive Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Chemical or Biological Additives Some seem to help Difficult to quantify Difficult to get repeatable resultsEmission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Injection and Incorporation Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Spray application Large droplet size Dilute with water Drop spouts on center pivot Careful Timing Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Dry Manure Compost before application (also homogenizes the mixture) Possible chemical pretreatment Careful Timing Summary: Summary Odor problems are real Odors are hard to measure and are not predicted well by gas measurement Olfactometry uses the human nose or a simulation of it Approx. 200 compounds have been identified in swine odor Most problems at night and early morning Summary: Summary Odors adhere to dust particles and are intensified by them Removal of dust and/or dispersion of odor plumes should reduce odors Cleaning fans Keep manure either dry or submerged in water Keep lagoons healthy (purple sulfur bacteria) Natural windbreaksSummary: Summary Cover slurry storages (natural or synthetic) Inject or incorporate if possible Minimize drift (wind and droplet size) Be sensitive to neighborsQuestions?: Questions? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Emissions from Animal 189 Sigismondo Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 129 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: February 25, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Emissions from Animal Production Systems: Emissions from Animal Production Systems John W. Worley Odors and Emissions: Odors and Emissions The Science of Odors and Emissions Emissions Control Strategies Buildings and Storage Structures Land Application SystemsScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Emissions and Health Effects are still being debated Toxic Effects (H2S) Depression Ear, Nose, and Throat Problems Odors are a Nuisance (Quality of Life) Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Odor 54% of complaints from swine operations 50% from land application At least 168 compounds in swine odor NH3, amines, H2S, VFA’s, indoles, skatole, phenols, mercaptans, alcohols, carbonyls Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Greenhouse gases CO2, Methane Acid Rain concerns (ammonia) Dust Pathogens Flies Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Movement and Dispersion Several models available Worst problem is night and early morning Low airflow rates Prevailing winds don’t always predict this effect Setbacks are the main regulatory tool Not enough scientific evidence to accurately determine setbacks Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Measurement Odor vs. Gas Measurement OlfactionScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Gas Measurement Indicator Tubes Ammonia and H2S meters Cassette Tape system Gas Chromatograph/Mass spectrometer (GC/MS) Generally accurate, but expensive and are not a reliable predictor of odorsScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Electronic Noses Scentometer Dynamic, triangular forced-choice olfactometer Field Sniffer Cotton Swatch Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Concentration Intensity Persistence Hedonic Tone Character or descriptor Science of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Olfactometry Uses real or simulated human noses Some methods filter dust before measurement Requires training Expensive SubjectiveScience of Odors and Emissions: Science of Odors and Emissions Dust Measurement Gravimetric Methods (filters and impacters) Particle Counters Can add pathogen measurements by collecting particles on agar plate and incubating Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures General Management Strategies Proper adjustment of feeders Use of more efficient feeders Keep surfaces (animal and facility) cleaned of manure and dry as possible Keep fans and shutters clean (“odor episodes”) Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dust and Odor Dust absorbs and intensifies odors Dust enable odors to travel further Facility Siting Models Wind direction in early morning Buffers Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dietary Manipulation For nutrient management For odor control Lower protein Additives Storage in under-floor pits (pull plug) 5 days recharge water Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Lagoons Precharge with water before startup Load evenly Fill pipes below water surface Drain to 2nd stage and pump intake at least 1 ft. below surfaceEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Manure slurry storage structures Cover natural crust straw synthetic cover Ozonation Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Natural Windbreaks Rows of trees around storage pond absorbs odors disperses odors screens view Multistoried canopy gives best coverage Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Dry Manure Systems Hoop or poultry house type structures Odors generally not as objectionable Bedding may act as a biofilterEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Biofilters Biological Treatment of odors in exhaust Contact Time is critical and difficult to achieveEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Windbreak Walls Disperses exhaust stream May remove some dustEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Washing Walls Prototype worked well at low flow rate Not effective at high airflowsEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Biomass Filters Similar to washing wall Mainly for dust removal Worked well at low rates Untested at high ratesEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Vegetable Oil Sprinkling Keeps dust out of air Improves atmosphere in building as well as exhaust air Cleaning problemEmission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Ozonation Oxidizes odorants Improves inside air Ozone levels Currently expensive Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures: Emission Control Strategies: Buildings and Storage Structures Chemical or Biological Additives Some seem to help Difficult to quantify Difficult to get repeatable resultsEmission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Injection and Incorporation Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Spray application Large droplet size Dilute with water Drop spouts on center pivot Careful Timing Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems: Emission Control Strategies: Land Application Systems Dry Manure Compost before application (also homogenizes the mixture) Possible chemical pretreatment Careful Timing Summary: Summary Odor problems are real Odors are hard to measure and are not predicted well by gas measurement Olfactometry uses the human nose or a simulation of it Approx. 200 compounds have been identified in swine odor Most problems at night and early morning Summary: Summary Odors adhere to dust particles and are intensified by them Removal of dust and/or dispersion of odor plumes should reduce odors Cleaning fans Keep manure either dry or submerged in water Keep lagoons healthy (purple sulfur bacteria) Natural windbreaksSummary: Summary Cover slurry storages (natural or synthetic) Inject or incorporate if possible Minimize drift (wind and droplet size) Be sensitive to neighborsQuestions?: Questions?